On s'intéresse dans ce mémoire à la riche combinatoire des configurations de boucles compacte (ou FPL, ou matrices à signes alternants, ou orientations eulériennes d'une grille). Sont en particulier abordées les questions d'énumération et les liens avec l'énumération de partitions planes, les conjectures à la Razumov et Stroganov, et la génération aléatoire exactement uniforme de configurations satisfaisant des conditions arbitraires de symétrie.

<p>To simplify troubleshooting and reliability of a process, a diagnosis system can supervise the process and alarm if any faults are detected. A diagnosis system can also identify one, or several faults, i.e. isolate faults, that may have caused the alarm. If model-based diagnosis is used, tests based on observations from the process are compared to a model of the process to diagnose the process. It can be a hard task to find which tests to be used for maximal fault detection and fault isolation. Structural Methods require not very detailed knowledge of the process to be diagnosed and can be used to find such tests early in the design of new processes. Sensors are used to get observations of a process. Therefore, sensors placed on different positions in the process gives different possibilities for observations. A specific set of sensors are in this work called a sensor configuration. </p><p>This thesis contributes with a method to predict and examine the fault detection and fault isolation possibility. By using these two diagnosis properties, a suitable sensor configuration is computed and tests to be used in a future diagnosis system are suggested. For this task an algorithm which can be used in the design phase of diagnosis systems, and a Matlab implementation of this algorithm are described. </p><p>In one part of this work the Matlab implementation and the algorithm are used to study how a model-based diagnosis-system can be used to supervise the fuel system in an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV).</p>

This research was inspired by a particular business problem – the search for an optimal model of strategy-making process in Severstal, a major Russian metals and mining company going through a period of rapid growth and transformation. The research reports on the results of a longitudinal explorative case study based on two distinct empirical projects. The first project addressed strategy process nature, participants, roles of corporate centre, time perspective and impact of the external environment. Its results highlighted the importance of CEO leadership and personal traits, which became the principal focus of the second empirical project. The key empirical contribution of the research was definition of "leader-focused decentralisation" as a particular approach to strategy-making in a multi-business group. This approach combines decentralized, bottom-up, business units-led generation of strategic proposals and initiatives with a crucial role of a company leader as a deeply involved decision-maker, presiding over a small and lean corporate centre with minimal corporate rules and bureaucracy. In Severstal’s case, the "leader-focused decentralisation" approach to strategy was a good match to its volatile yet rewarding external environment. The suggested model can be seen as an empirically-derived step towards a theoretical synthesis of "activist" vs. "detached" views of corporate centre roles in relation to strategy process in multi-business firms. It exhibited some distinctive features which were not yet described in other contexts, including co-existence of strong entrepreneurial leadership and organisational decentralisation. From a practical standpoint, the research highlighted weaknesses and limitations of existing strategy-making model and offered a background for the discussion of ways to develop it in the future.

To simplify troubleshooting and reliability of a process, a diagnosis system can supervise the process and alarm if any faults are detected. A diagnosis system can also identify one, or several faults, i.e. isolate faults, that may have caused the alarm. If model-based diagnosis is used, tests based on observations from the process are compared to a model of the process to diagnose the process. It can be a hard task to find which tests to be used for maximal fault detection and fault isolation. Structural Methods require not very detailed knowledge of the process to be diagnosed and can be used to find such tests early in the design of new processes. Sensors are used to get observations of a process. Therefore, sensors placed on different positions in the process gives different possibilities for observations. A specific set of sensors are in this work called a sensor configuration. This thesis contributes with a method to predict and examine the fault detection and fault isolation possibility. By using these two diagnosis properties, a suitable sensor configuration is computed and tests to be used in a future diagnosis system are suggested. For this task an algorithm which can be used in the design phase of diagnosis systems, and a Matlab implementation of this algorithm are described. In one part of this work the Matlab implementation and the algorithm are used to study how a model-based diagnosis-system can be used to supervise the fuel system in an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV).

This dissertation reports on the results of a study into the characteristics of epistemic topoi and the methods of their identification in a corpus of biomedical publications. The study was conceived in response to the need for a systematized description of the organization of argumentative text and discourse. This need is well recognized in knowledge-intensive fields: information processing, storage, and retrieval; corpus analysis and natural language processing; data mining, knowledge management and translation; professional training and education. The study followed the design of a situated study combined with a methodological inquiry. I used inductive methods to describe the features and functions of recurrent patterns of argumentative and linguistic organization. This part of the study consisted in close reading of a corpus of fifty-five NTG papers and rhetorical and linguistic annotation of seventeen clinical studies (45,599 words) selected from the corpus. The data was generated by means of rhetorical and linguistic analysis. Visual annotation played an essential role in the identification and description of the argumentative patterns, complementing the traditional methods of corpus analysis. Forty-eight basic and nine composite epistemic topoi forming the superstructure of the papers were identified in the corpus. The topoi were found to be loosely associated with the IMRD structure and signalled with configurations of lexicogrammatical, semantic, deictic, and coreferential features. The topoi were classified according to the modes of reasoning and textual and discursive functions. The obtained results confirmed earlier insights into the links of linguistic patterning with text and discourse semantics. A significant outcome of the linguistic analysis is a catalogue of linguistic features that were found to have regular links with the topoi in the corpus. The role of linguistic configurations as identifiers of argumentative meanings makes them a valuable medium of text and discourse analysis. By linking the argumentative meanings to the surface features of text and discourse, the analysis of linguistic configurations presents informatics practitioners with an alternative to the current methods of natural language processing and knowledge management. The catalogue of linguistic features and a detailed description of the study design make the presented findings amenable to secondary analysis, extrapolation, and generalization. The auxiliary objectives of this study were a survey of argumentative practices represented in the corpus and a review of the state of epistemic research. The results of the survey and review suggest that agonistic reasoning practices and over-reliance on reductionist models have negative implications for research writing and communication. Specifically, they hamper analysis of argumentative organization of natural text and discourse. As an alternative to agonistic argumentation, I propose an argumentation model based on Aristotle’s and Kneale’s conceptions of situated knowledge and learning. The model of textual and discursive organization that accommodates situated knowledge and learning is political stasis. This model can be used as a heuristic and analytic tool. In this dissertation I use it as an explanatory conception and as a system of reference points for identifying significant research trends both in argumentation studies and in clinical NTG research.

Application of optimization techniques for determining the optimal operating policy for reservoirs is a major title in water resources planning and management. Genetic algorithms, ruled by evolution techniques, have become popular for solving optimization problems in diversified fields of science. The main aim of this research was to explore the efficiency and effectiveness of the applicability of genetic algorithm in optimization of multi-reservoirs. A computer code has been constructed for this purpose and verified by means of a reference problem with a known global optimum. Three reservoirs in the Colorado River Storage Project were optimized for maximization of energy production. Besides, a real-time approach utilizing a blend of online and a posteriori data was proposed. The results achieved were compared to the real operational data and genetic algorithms were found to be effective, competitive and can be utilized as an alternative technique to other traditional optimization techniques.

Thèse de doctorat : Automatique, Traitement du Signal, Génie Informatique : Nancy 1 : 2007. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr.

Mise en contexte : L'int??gration des services est l'une des solutions envisag??es pour adapter les services de sant?? face au vieillissement de la population. Cependant, elle exige la continuit?? dans l???offre des services requis. La pr??sente ??tude vise ?? identifier les configurations du r??seau de professionnels autour des personnes ??g??es lors de l'implantation du mod??le d???int??gration exp??riment?? en Estrie, puis ?? les comparer ?? celles identifi??es dans un territoire non expos?? au r??seau de services int??gr??s (RSI). M??thodologie : Les donn??es de cette recherche proviennent des personnes ??g??es, participantes au Programme de Recherche sur l???Int??gration des Services pour le Maintien de l???Autonomie (PRISMA). ?? partir des liens per??us reliant diff??rents professionnels, nous avons calcul?? via l???analyse des r??seaux, la densit?? (proportion des interactions entre les intervenants) et le degr?? de centralisation (dispersion entre le nombre des liens autour de chaque intervenant) du r??seau des professionnels impliqu??s aupr??s de chacune des personnes ??g??es. Les 1275 patients devaient d??clarer s???ils avaient identifi?? un intervenant principal ?? contacter, en cas de probl??mes de sant?? ou au besoin des services ?? domicile. En outre, le nombre d???intervenants rencontr??s, le nombre des visites par an, le milieu de vie des participants et leur pr??sence au moins une journ??e en gestion de cas au cours d???une p??riode de deux ans, ont ??t?? utilis??s pour d??crire et classifier les configurations. ?? cet effet, diff??rentes m??thodes de classification automatis??e ont ??t?? utilis??es. La m??thode de Ward a ??t?? retenue, avec le coefficient de Gower comme mesure de similarit??. R??sultats : La classification distingue neuf configurations qui selon les fondements d???un RSI se rassemblent en deux cat??gories. Dans la premi??re cat??gorie, on observe cinq configurations jug??es bonnes, puisqu???elles incluent minimalement un intervenant principal constant en tout temps. Dans l???autre, on d??nombre quatre configurations consid??r??es moins bonnes, car aucun intervenant principal n???y est identifi??, ou lorsque pr??sent, il est inconstant d???une ann??e ?? l???autre. Dans une configuration, on note d???ailleurs une utilisation accrue des services d???urgence et d???hospitalisation. Les bonnes configurations sont autant identifi??es en territoire expos?? que non expos?? au RSI. Par contre, sauf pour une configuration, les moins bonnes sont davantage observ??es en territoire non expos?? ?? l???int??gration des services (p<0,001). Le m??decin identifi?? comme intervenant principal est moins consult?? dans le territoire expos?? au RSI, o?? une tendance se d??gage en termes de plus de pr??sence des professionnels autres que le m??decin. Conclusion : Cette ??tude est la premi??re ?? d??crire, ?? identifier, ?? classifier et ?? comparer les configurations du r??seau des professionnels impliqu??s ou non dans l???int??gration des services. Il s???agit d???une contribution importante ?? la compr??hension du fonctionnement des r??seaux de services int??gr??s.

La thèse vise à étudier la stratégie des clubs sportifs à travers leur évolution dans la hiérarchie compétitive. Elle s'appuie dans une première partie sur la discussion des apports de la théorie des parties prenantes, du leadership et de la théorie des conventions pour proposer un modèle d'analyse de la dynamique stratégique d'un club, ainsi qu'une typologie de configurations stratégiques. Dans une deuxième partie, la thèse confronte ce modèle à une étude longitudinale de trois clubs de basket-ball sur une quarantaine d'années. Les trois cas permettent d'analyser quatre types de configurations stratégiques : de croissance, de consolidation, de redéploiement, de sauvegarde.Les résultats de la thèse mettent en évidence quatre types de trajectoire correspondant à la succession de différentes configurations stratégiques. Les points d'inflexion apparaissent lorsque la stratégie n'atteint pas les effets attendus. La trajectoire stratégique, basée sur le résultat sportif, caractérise de la dynamique stratégique d'un club par l'enchaînement dans le temps des configurations.

Šiame darbe, remiantis skaičiavimais kvazireliatyvistiniu dvikonfigūraciniu artiniu, atliktas vieno iš svarbių koreliacinių efektų atomuose – konfigūracijų 3s3pN+1 +3s23pN–13d maišymosi ir jo įtakos fotosužadinimo spektrams – teorinis tyrimas. Buvo nagrinėti sužadinimai iš pagrindinio lygmens, tai atitinka retą plazmą, būdingą astrofizikinių ir laboratorinių tyrimų objektą. Naudojantis Cowano programų kompleksu, atlikti banginių funkcijų, energijos ir fotosužadinimo spektrų skaičiavimai izoelektronėms sekoms esant įvairiam pN sluoksnio elektronų skaičiui, nuo pirmųjų jonų iki keturiasdešimt kartų jonizuotų atomų. Fotosužadinimo spektrai, skaičiuoti vienkonfigūraciniu ir dvikonfigūraciniu artiniais, palyginti su pateiktais literatūroje tikslesnių pusiauempirinių skaičiavimų atsižvelgiant į didesnį konfigūracijų skaičių duomenimis, liudija, kad vienkonfigūraciniu artiniu gaunamas labai netikslus rezultatas. Tačiau dvikonfigūracinis artinys duoda kokybiškai ir net kiekybiškai teisingą vaizdą. Tai liudija, kad spektro struktūrą iš esmės lemia konfigūracijų su simetrišku simetrijos pasikeitimu maišymasis ir dvikonfigūracinis artinys yra pakankamas bendriems spektro dėsningumams tirti. Pastebėta, kad intensyvumo pasiskirstymą fotosužadinimo spektruose lemia maišymasis tų lygmenų, į kuriuos galimas stiprus sužadinimas. Tie konfigūracijos 3s23pN–13d lygmenys visose izoelektronėse sekose turi didesnę energiją negu su jais besimaišantys atitinkami 3s3pN+1 lygmenys. Atsižvelgus į šių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In this work the strong mixing of configurations 3s3pN+1 +3s23pN–13d and its influence on the photoexcitation spectra is investigated theoretically in quasirelativistic two-configuration approximation. The excitations from the ground level of 3s23pN configuration were considered, it corresponds to the plasma of low density – the important object of astrophysical and laboratory plasma. The calculations of wave functions, energy level and photoexcitation spectra were performed using Cowan code for isoelectronic sequences at various numbers of electrons in the pN shell from first ions till the ionization degree q = 40. The photoexcitation spectra calculated in the single-configuration and two-configuration approximations have been compared with the semiempirical ones obtained using wider configuration basis. The single-configuration approximation gives very inaccurate result, but the two-configuration approximation describes fairly well the main features of spectrum. It indicates that the structure of considered photoexcitation spectra is mainly determined by the mixing of two configurations with symmetric exchange of symmetry and this approximation is satisfactory for the investigation of general regularities of spectra. It is shown that the distribution of intensity in the photoexcitation spectra depends on the mixing of mainly populated excited levels. In all isoelectronic sequences such levels of 3s23pN–13d configuration are always lying above the mixed with them 3s3pN+1... [to full text]