This thesis examines the impacts of human-elephant conflict on human wellbeing and the implications for elephant conservation and management in Trans Mara District, Kenya. The District comprises communal lands bordering the world-famous Masai Mara National Reserve in southwestern Kenya. Trans Mara supports a range of land use types and provides refuge to one of Kenya’s large elephant population comprised of over 3,000 transient and 500 resident animals. This study used interdisciplinary methods to gain insights into the nature and consequences of conflict on the wellbeing of communities living with elephants. In particular, I used a combination of existing wellbeing indices and a set of indicators developed through consultations with local communities in TM to measure impacts of HEC on specific wellbeing domains. The results show that elephants still use the communal lands in Trans Mara but are increasingly restricted to the riverine forest remnants in central Trans Mara. However, there was no evidence of a further decline in the elephant range. Instead, this study points to a shift in elephant range against a background of increasing human settlement, land sub-division and agricultural expansion. The wellbeing of Trans Mara residents comprised eight indicators. Human-elephant conflict negatively affected peoples’ wellbeing, but the impacts were limited to certain dimensions. Elephants affected school-going children within elephant range. Attitudes towards elephants and its conservation in TM were influenced by the location of human residence relative to elephant refuge, diversity of income sources, and age and gender. Finally, conflict mitigation in Trans Mara is still elusive and challenging, but opportunities exist to develop simple and dynamic mitigation tools. The findings of this study have important implications for the future of elephant conservation in the face of competing human needs, both in Trans Mara District and elsewhere in Africa.

This thesis investigates how the behaviors and skills learned during childhood play are conducive towards successful conflict resolution in adulthood. From reviewing the literature, it is clear that pretend play, social play, and games help the socio-cognitive development of a child. Through these types of play, children learn how to become better at taking another person’s perspective, effectively communicate, and regulate their socio- emotional behavior. Additionally, recognizing that negotiation seems to be the most mature way to handle conflict, I argue that children learn to navigate opposition through engaging in their own peer to peer conflicts during play. As a result, using their practiced perspective-taking, communication, and socio-emotional skills learned from play, they improve in their conflict management. Although there has not been substantial studies connecting play and conflict resolution, it is clear that the skills learned during play are associated with constructive resolution–-which as adults, is usually negotiation. Nonetheless, there needs to be more research done on how engaging in conflict and having these broad behaviors and attributes are more directly related to successful conflict management.

Peter Coleman's (2011) Attractor Landscape Model (ALM) is a promising new framework for analysing and tackling intractable conflicts: conflicts that are highly destructive and highly resistant to conflict resolution. However, this thesis suggests that Coleman's ALM may be based on unreliable assumptions about homogenous group psychology. The aim is to test the reliability of the ALM from this perspective, and to suggest ways to successfully operationalise the ALM. The reliability of the ALM is tested using the case study of professional negotiators in the Israel- Palestine Track-I peace process 2007-2011. 12 interviews are conducted with negotiators from four key actors: the EU, the US, Israel and the Negotiation Support Unit (NSU). The transcripts of these interviews are coded for patterns of 'behaving' and 'thinking', and tested against five hypotheses derived from negotiation theories and the Conceptual Integrative Complexity Scoring Manual (Baker- Brown et al., 1992). It is concluded that the case study of the Israel-Palestine Track-I peace process 2007-2011 generally provides support for the attractor landscape model. However, negotiators from the NSU stood out as a significant exception. This suggests that future studies using the ALM should investigate potentially significant differences in...

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abstract: Few studies focus on the MOVE Organization (MOVE), let alone its presences in popular media during the years prior to the MOVE-Philadelphia Conflict (1978-1985), or pre-Conflict. To date, most information about MOVE derives from Conflict research which utilizes archival materials from the Philadelphia Special Investigation Commission (MOVE Commission) hearings. Generations of dominant representations about MOVE and its members, consequently, are mainly constructed by popular media from the MOVE Commission hearings, including video broadcasts of the proceeding. Using a Conflict documentary, I highlight concerns scholars face when heavily using archival materials from MOVE Commission hearings: (a) Archival materials from MOVE Commission hearings lack active MOVE members' voices and (b) Archival materials from MOVE Commission hearings include limited pre-Conflict information about MOVE members. Influenced by Kimberly Sanders and Judson Jeffries' (2013) work about the 1985 bombing newspaper reports' favorability, this project explores pre-Conflict popular media representations of MOVE to understand how the collective first got represented to Philadelphians and the ways which MOVE used popular media to respond to these dominant portrayals. This mix-methods project utilizes 67-piece dataset materials of various popular media texts by MOVE members and non-MOVE members. It focuses on 48 Philadelphia Tribune newspaper entries as its main text dataset, with an emphasis on the 1975 "On the MOVE" editorial column space. This investigation employs a combination of Black feminist and critical discourse analysis (CDA) methods, with Sanders and Jeffries' (2013) favorability categorizations process, to explore the racialized, gendered, and classed aspects pre-Conflict representations of MOVE. Quantitative findings suggest that MOVE got generally represented in favorable manners during the pre-Conflict years, with over 50 percent of pre-Conflict texts about MOVE portraying the collective in positive tones. Additionally, qualitative findings propose that MOVE members' authorship and presence in pre-Conflict texts within the Philadelphia Tribune functioned as a site of resistance against dominant portrayal of the collective. CDA findings propose that MOVE's racial attribute, beliefs, and culture, specifically related to self-determination, were central discussions within most pre-Conflict by MOVE members. Unlike Sanders and Jeffries (2013), this project concludes that overall pre-Conflict popular media depictions portrayed MOVE as a positive Philadelphia collective. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Justice Studies 2014

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In and out of memory: exploring the tension between remembering and forgetting when recalling 9/11, a traumatic event. My research is an unravelling of a traumatic memory to describe, understand and answer questions about the 'trauma body.' In my research, I put forward the idea that traumatic memories are detached memories with an emotional resonance that fixes them historically in a specific place and time, unwieldy anchors for a body that is neither here (present), nor there (in the past). I analyse this paradox from philosophical and psychoanalytical perspectives. Through a layered arts practice of text, sonic art work, and moving and still imagery I examine the tension where trauma meets memory, whether in an attempt to forget, or an effort to remember. Memory in this context is perceived as crucial towards understanding oneself socially, culturally and personally, whilst trauma is understood as an experience borne by the act of ‘leaving,’ wherein the mind’s coping mechanism overwhelmed by shocking external events fractures or splits. I began this process by revisiting a journal written on the day of and days following the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001. A journal that had remained closed and unread until starting my research in 2012. My aim was to deconstruct my memory of this traumatic event, lay it to rest and explore the latent witnessing that defies assimilation into a narrative. I employ autoethnography as a methodology to facilitate a greater understanding of trauma and its wider cultural implications, overlaying my personal memories upon a well-established collective memory of 9/11. Autoethnography, in this instance, is a reformulation of ethnography or anthropology, an in-depth examination of context incorporating cross-disciplinary approaches. With an emphasis on self-reflection and subjective participation, as both the artist and the owner of certain memories, my intention was to engage a larger epistemological discussion of the meeting place of trauma and memory.

En 2015, les pathologies cardiovasculaires étaient responsables de 18 millions de décès par an dans le monde, ce qui en fait la principale cause de mortalité liée aux maladies non-transmissibles. Il a été mis en évidence que des changements de comportements multiples en termes d’activité physique, d’alimentation, de consommation de tabac, et d’observance médicamenteuse, représentaient des moyens efficaces de prévenir l’émergence de cardiopathies chez des populations générales, et des rechutes après un accident cardiaque. En psychologie sociale et de la santé, la compréhension des déterminants des comportements de santé s’est principalement appuyée sur deux approches : l’approche socio-cognitive et l’approche duale. Bien que ces modèles aient identifié plusieurs prédicteurs du comportement, ils sont porteurs de limites qui les rendent difficilement applicables au cadre du changement de comportements multiples. D’une part, ces approches proposent des déterminants spécifiques à un comportement, ce qui ne permet pas de comprendre ce qui détermine l’adoption de plusieurs comportements simultanément. D’autre part, ils ne prennent pas en compte la nature des comportements de santé. Or, les comportements diffèrent sur un certain nombre de caractéristiques, et les comportements pathogènes peuvent s’opposer aux comportements salutogènes, générant alors un conflit chez l’individu. Dans le cadre des changements de comportements multiples, une mauvaise gestion de ce conflit pourrait expliquer la prévalence des comportements pathogènes. Ce travail doctoral a investigué le rôle de deux processus de réduction du conflit pertinent dans le cadre du changement de comportements multiples : les cognitions compensatrices et le contrôle de soi. Plus précisément, ils ont cherché à évaluer (1) dans quelle mesure le mécanisme inter-comportemental des cognitions compensatrices pouvait perturber la formation d’intention envers des comportements de santé ; et (2) si le contrôle de soi était un déterminant aspécifique permettant l’émergence de plusieurs comportements de santé. Nous avons répondu à ces questionnements à travers quatre études empiriques décrites dans trois manuscrtis. Le premier a évalué le rôle délétère des cognitions compensatrices (en dissociant celles-ci selon la nature des comportements) sur la formation d’intentions envers différents comportements de santé, chez des individus atteints de cardiopathies. Les résultats ont montré que ces croyances peuvent avoir des effets négatifs sur les intentions à certains niveaux d’auto-efficacité et de risques perçus. Le deuxième manuscrit présente une étude qui a évalué dans quelle mesure le modèle du contrôle de soi, auquel nous avons intégré une mesure de l’état de la capacité de contrôle de soi, prédisait les comportements de santé. Nos résultats montrent des processus globalement différenciés selon le type de comportement : activité physique/sédentarité, alimentation équilibrée/déséquilibrée, et consommation de tabac. Plus précisément, ils suggèrent que l’effort de contrôle de soi prédirait les comportements pathogènes, et que l’état de la capacité de contrôle de soi prédirait les comportements salutogènes. Le troisième manuscrit a cherché à confirmer ces résultats chez deux populations, l’une d’étudiants, l’autre d’individus atteints de cardiopathies, en testant le modèle du contrôle de soi en contexte naturel et dans un devis longitudinal. Bien que des différences dans les patterns de résultats soient observés selon la population, les résultats semblent confirmer le rôle de l’effort de contrôle de soi sur les comportements pathogènes (sédentarité et alimentation déséquilibrée), et de la capacité de contrôle de soi sur les comportements salutogènes (activité physique). L’ensemble de ces résultats ouvrent la voie vers la construction d’interventions ciblant ces deux composants du modèle du contrôle de soi, afin d’améliorer l’adhérence aux comportements de santé chez des populations cardiaques. / In 2015, cardiovascular diseases caused 18 million deaths per year worldwide, which makes it the leading cause of death attributed to non-communicable diseases. Multiple health behaviors change in terms of physical activity, diet, tobacco consumption, and medication adherence represent one of the best ways to prevent cardiovascular diseases emergence on global population, and to prevent relapses on individual with cardiovascular diseases. To understand behaviors determinants, social and health psychology relies on two conceptual frameworks: socio-cognitive models and dual-process theories. These models identified several behavioral determinants, but two reasons could make their application difficult in the multiple health behavior change framework. First, these approaches proposed behavior-specific determinants that do not permit to understand what determines the simultaneous adoption of several behaviors. On the other hand, they do not consider behaviors characteristics. However, behavior characteristics could be different and unhealthy behaviors could confront healthy behaviors, and thus generate conflicts on an individual. Within the multiple health behavior change process, poor conflict-coping strategies could explain unhealthy behavior prevalence. This doctoral work has investigated role of two processes of conflict reduction within multiple health behavior change: compensatory health beliefs, and self-control. Specifically, they evaluated (1) to what extent compensatory health beliefs, a between-behavior belief, could harm intentions toward healthy behaviors; and (2) if self-control could be an unspecific determinant of multiple health behavior change. We conducted four empirical studies merged in three manuscripts to answer these questions. The first manuscript evaluated compensatory health beliefs harmful influences (by dissociating them according with behaviors nature) on intentions formation process toward several health behaviors, within individual with cardiovascular diseases. Results showed that these beliefs could harm intentions depending on certain self-efficacies and risks perception levels. The second manuscript presented a study that investigated to what extent the self-control model, with a measure of state self-control capacity, predicted health behaviors. Results highlighted different prediction patterns depending on behaviors domain: physical/sedentary activity, healthy/unhealthy diet, tobacco consumption. More precisely, results suggest that self-control effort predicted unhealthy behaviors, and state of self-control capacity predicted healthy ones. The third manuscript attempted to confirm these results on two populations. The first one was composed of students, and the second one was composed of individual with cardiovascular diseases, by testing self-control model on ecological context and with a longitudinal design. Despite differences within predictions patterns, depending on the population observed, results confirmed the role of self-control effort on unhealthy behaviors (sedentary time and unhealthy diet), and of state self-control capacity on healthy behavior (physical activity). Taking together, all these results pave the way to the development of interventions on these two self-control model components, in order to improve health behaviors adherence of individual with cardiovascular diseases.

There are several theories involving civil-military relations that have been established since the Cold War. Shaped by the political transitions of Europe and Latin America, how do these theories apply to the Third Wave of democratizations? How does a more contemporary analysis of theory help understand more contemporary insurgencies such as the Arab Spring?