This thesis implements a logical formalism framework called Concurrent Constraint Transaction Logic (abbr.,CCTR) which was defined for modeling and scheduling of workflows under resource allocation and cost constraints and develops an extensible and flexible graphical user interface for the framework. CCTR extends Concurrent Transaction Logic and integrates with Constraint Logic Programming to find the correct scheduling of tasks that involves resource and cost constraints. The developed system, which integrates Prolog and Java Platforms, is designed to serve as the basic environment for enterprise applications that involves CCTR based workflows and schedulers. Full implementation described in this thesis clearly illustrated that CCTR can be used as a workflow scheduler that involves not only temporal and causal constraints but also resource and cost constraints.

Este trabalho a dedicado ao estudo da exploração de paralelismo OU na programação em lógica com restrições em ambientes distribuídos. A programação em lógica, cuja linguagem mais significativa 6 Prolog, tem como premissa a utilização da lógica de predicados como linguagem computacional. A programação em lógica com restrições (CLP) é uma extensão da programação em lógica, onde busca-se a eficiência e a possibilidade de executar novas classes de problemas. Variáveis em CLP podem pertencer a domínios específicos como, por exemplo, reais ou booleanos. O principal conceito introduzido é a restrição. Restrição a uma equação que representa uma certa informação sobre uma variável e a sua relação com outras variáveis. o uso de restrições foi proposto para diminuir o espaço de busca na execução dos programas. Apesar de mais eficientes que a programação em lógica clássica, para algumas aplicações reais o desempenho das linguagens CLP ainda é insatisfatório. Por isso, é necessário buscar alternativas novas como a execução em paralelo. A exploração de paralelismo implícito em programas em 1ógica já demonstrou resultados promissores. Vários modelos foram propostos e implementados utilizando as duas principais fontes de paralelismo — E e OU — de forma isolada ou combinada. O objetivo principal desse trabalho é apresentar o modelo pclp(FD) de exploração de paralelismo OU multi-sequêncial para um ambiente com memória distribuída. O modelo pclp(FD) caracteriza-se pela existência de vários trabalhadores, cada um deles possuindo uma maquina abstrata completa. O escalonamento de tarefas a realizado por uma política dinâmica e distribuída. Uma tarefa em pclp(FD) equivale a um ponto de escolha e a um contexto de execução. O contexto de execução a formado por porções da pilha do exportador. Para que o importador tenha acesso ao contexto de execução utiliza-se a cópia incremental, que a uma das varias técnicas possíveis. Cada trabalhador possui a sua própria copia privada das pilhas de execução. A cópia caracteriza-se pelo envio das pilhas de execução do exportador para uma área privada do importador. A cópia incremental é uma técnica mais otimizada que verifica a existência de partes comuns entre os trabalhadores, copiando apenas as panes novas. O algoritmo de cópia incremental proposto no modelo a feito sem nenhuma centralização de informação do estado das pilhas. O projeto e implementação de um prot6tipo para esse modelo, utilizando a linguagem clp(FD), que implementa CLP sobre domínios finitos, permitirá uma analise das vantagens e desvantagens do modelo proposto. Os resultados obtidos com a análise servirão de base para trabalhos futuros, visando aprimorar a implementação e o modelo. / This work is dedicated to the study of the exploration of OR parallelism in Constraint Logic Programming for distributed environment. Logic Programming, which the most meaningful language is Prolog, has as premise the use of the logic of predicates as computational language. Constraint Logic Programming or CLP is an extension of the logic programming, where efficiency and the possibility to execute new kinds of problems are searched. A variable in CLP can belong to specific domains as, for example, Real or Boolean. The main concept introduced is the constraint. Constraint is an equation that represents a certain information over a variable and its relation with others variables. The use of constraints was proposed to decrease search space in the program execution. Although it is more efficient than classic logic programming, for some real applications, the performance of CLP languages still is unsatisfactory. So, it is necessary to search alternatives as parallel execution. The exploration of implicit parallelism in programs in logic has already demonstrated promising results. Several models have been proposed and implemented using the two main sources of parallelism - AND and OR — in an isolated or combined form. The main objective of this work is to present the pclp(FD) model of exploration of multi-sequential OR parallelism for a distributed memory environment. The pclp(FD) model is characterized for the existence of some workers, each one of them possessing a complete abstract machine. Task scheduling is executed by one dynamic and distributed policy. A task in pclp(FD) is equivalent to a choice point and an execution context. Execution context is formed by portions of the stack of the exporter. So that importer has access to the execution context, it uses incremental copy, which is one of the several possible techniques. The copy is characterized for sending execution stacks of the exporter to a private area of the importer, that is, each worker possesses its private copy of the execution stacks. The incremental copy is a more optimized technique that verifies the existence of common parts between workers, copying only the new ones. The incremental copy algorithm proposed in the model executes without centralized information of the state of the stacks. A prototype project and implementation for this model, using the language clp(FD), that implements CLP over finite domains, will allow an analysis of advantages and disadvantages of the considered model. The results gotten with the analysis will serve of base for future works, aiming to improve the implementation and the model.

Este trabalho a dedicado ao estudo da exploração de paralelismo OU na programação em lógica com restrições em ambientes distribuídos. A programação em lógica, cuja linguagem mais significativa 6 Prolog, tem como premissa a utilização da lógica de predicados como linguagem computacional. A programação em lógica com restrições (CLP) é uma extensão da programação em lógica, onde busca-se a eficiência e a possibilidade de executar novas classes de problemas. Variáveis em CLP podem pertencer a domínios específicos como, por exemplo, reais ou booleanos. O principal conceito introduzido é a restrição. Restrição a uma equação que representa uma certa informação sobre uma variável e a sua relação com outras variáveis. o uso de restrições foi proposto para diminuir o espaço de busca na execução dos programas. Apesar de mais eficientes que a programação em lógica clássica, para algumas aplicações reais o desempenho das linguagens CLP ainda é insatisfatório. Por isso, é necessário buscar alternativas novas como a execução em paralelo. A exploração de paralelismo implícito em programas em 1ógica já demonstrou resultados promissores. Vários modelos foram propostos e implementados utilizando as duas principais fontes de paralelismo — E e OU — de forma isolada ou combinada. O objetivo principal desse trabalho é apresentar o modelo pclp(FD) de exploração de paralelismo OU multi-sequêncial para um ambiente com memória distribuída. O modelo pclp(FD) caracteriza-se pela existência de vários trabalhadores, cada um deles possuindo uma maquina abstrata completa. O escalonamento de tarefas a realizado por uma política dinâmica e distribuída. Uma tarefa em pclp(FD) equivale a um ponto de escolha e a um contexto de execução. O contexto de execução a formado por porções da pilha do exportador. Para que o importador tenha acesso ao contexto de execução utiliza-se a cópia incremental, que a uma das varias técnicas possíveis. Cada trabalhador possui a sua própria copia privada das pilhas de execução. A cópia caracteriza-se pelo envio das pilhas de execução do exportador para uma área privada do importador. A cópia incremental é uma técnica mais otimizada que verifica a existência de partes comuns entre os trabalhadores, copiando apenas as panes novas. O algoritmo de cópia incremental proposto no modelo a feito sem nenhuma centralização de informação do estado das pilhas. O projeto e implementação de um prot6tipo para esse modelo, utilizando a linguagem clp(FD), que implementa CLP sobre domínios finitos, permitirá uma analise das vantagens e desvantagens do modelo proposto. Os resultados obtidos com a análise servirão de base para trabalhos futuros, visando aprimorar a implementação e o modelo. / This work is dedicated to the study of the exploration of OR parallelism in Constraint Logic Programming for distributed environment. Logic Programming, which the most meaningful language is Prolog, has as premise the use of the logic of predicates as computational language. Constraint Logic Programming or CLP is an extension of the logic programming, where efficiency and the possibility to execute new kinds of problems are searched. A variable in CLP can belong to specific domains as, for example, Real or Boolean. The main concept introduced is the constraint. Constraint is an equation that represents a certain information over a variable and its relation with others variables. The use of constraints was proposed to decrease search space in the program execution. Although it is more efficient than classic logic programming, for some real applications, the performance of CLP languages still is unsatisfactory. So, it is necessary to search alternatives as parallel execution. The exploration of implicit parallelism in programs in logic has already demonstrated promising results. Several models have been proposed and implemented using the two main sources of parallelism - AND and OR — in an isolated or combined form. The main objective of this work is to present the pclp(FD) model of exploration of multi-sequential OR parallelism for a distributed memory environment. The pclp(FD) model is characterized for the existence of some workers, each one of them possessing a complete abstract machine. Task scheduling is executed by one dynamic and distributed policy. A task in pclp(FD) is equivalent to a choice point and an execution context. Execution context is formed by portions of the stack of the exporter. So that importer has access to the execution context, it uses incremental copy, which is one of the several possible techniques. The copy is characterized for sending execution stacks of the exporter to a private area of the importer, that is, each worker possesses its private copy of the execution stacks. The incremental copy is a more optimized technique that verifies the existence of common parts between workers, copying only the new ones. The incremental copy algorithm proposed in the model executes without centralized information of the state of the stacks. A prototype project and implementation for this model, using the language clp(FD), that implements CLP over finite domains, will allow an analysis of advantages and disadvantages of the considered model. The results gotten with the analysis will serve of base for future works, aiming to improve the implementation and the model.

No description available.

In this dissertation we lay the groundwork of automated analysis of extended feature models with constraint programming. Among different proposals, feature modeling has proven to be very effective for modeling and managing variability in Software Product Lines. However, industrial experiences showed that feature models often grow too large with hundreds of features and complex cross-tree relationships, which necessitates automated analysis support. To address this issue we present a mapping from extended feature models, which may include complex feature-feature, feature-attribute and attribute-attribute cross-tree relationships as well as global constraints, to constraint logic programming over finite domains. Then, we discuss the effects of including complex feature attribute relationships on various analysis operations defined on the feature models. As new types of variability emerge due to the inclusion of feature attributes in cross-tree relationships, we discuss the necessity of reformulation of some of the analysis operations and suggest a revised understanding for some other. We also propose new analysis operations arising due to the nature of the new variability introduced. Then we propose a transformation from extended feature models to basic/cardinality-based feature models that may be applied under certain circumstances and enables using SAT or BDD solvers in automated analysis of extended feature models. Finally, we discuss the role of the context information in feature modeling, and propose to use context information in staged configuration of feature-models.

Ce travail de thèse, effectué dans la cadre du projet FUI Minalogic Bluesky, porte sur le test fonctionnel automatisé d'une classe particulière de contrôleurs logiques programmables (em4) produite par InnoVista Sensors. Ce sont des systèmes synchrones qui sont programmés au moyen d'un environnement de développement intégré (IDE). Les personnes qui utilisent et programment ces contrôleurs ne sont pas nécessairement des programmeurs experts. Le développement des applications logicielles doit être par conséquent simple et intuitif. Cela devrait également être le cas pour les tests. Même si les applications définies par ces utilisateurs ne sont pas nécessairement très critiques, il est important de les tester d'une manière adéquate et efficace. Un simulateur inclu dans l'IDE permet aux programmeurs de tester leurs programmes d'une façon qui reste à ce jour informelle et interactive en entrant manuellement des données de test. En se basant sur des recherches précédentes dans le domaine du test des programmes synchrones, nous proposons un nouveau langage de spécification de test, appelé SPTL (Synchronous Programs Testing Language) qui rend possible d'exprimer simplement des scénarios de test qui peuvent être exécutées à la volée pour générer automatiquement des séquences d'entrée de test. Il permet aussi de décrire l'environnement où évolue le système pour mettre des conditions sur les entrées afin d'arriver à des données de test réalistes et de limiter celles qui sont inutiles. SPTL facilite cette tâche de test en introduisant des notions comme les profils d'utilisation, les groupes et les catégories. Nous avons conçu et développé un prototype, nommé "Testium", qui traduit un programme SPTL en un ensemble de contraintes exploitées par un solveur Prolog qui choisit aléatoirement les entrées de test. La génération de données de test s'appuie ainsi sur des techniques de programmation logique par contraintes. Pour l'évaluer, nous avons expérimenté cette méthode sur des exemples d'applications EM4 typiques et réels. Bien que SPTL ait été évalué sur em4, son utilisation peut être envisagée pour la validation d'autres types de contrôleurs ou systèmes synchrones. / This thesis work done in the context of the FUI project Minalogic Bluesky, concerns the automated functional testing of a particular class of programmable logic controllers (em4) produced by InnoVista Sensors. These are synchronous systems that are programmed by means of an integrated development environment (IDE). People who use and program these controllers are not necessarily expert programmers. The development of software applications should be as result simple and intuitive. This should also be the case for testing. Although applications defined by these users need not be very critical, it is important to test them adequately and effectively. A simulator included in the IDE allows programmers to test their programs in a way that remains informal and interactive by manually entering test data.Based on previous research in the area of synchronous test programs, we propose a new test specification language, called SPTL (Synchronous Testing Programs Language) which makes possible to simply express test scenarios that can be executed on the fly to automatically generate test input sequences. It also allows describing the environment in which the system evolves to put conditions on inputs to arrive to realistic test data and limit unnecessary ones. SPTL facilitates this testing task by introducing concepts such as user profiles, groups and categories. We have designed and developed a prototype named "Testium", which translates a SPTL program to a set of constraints used by a Prolog solver that randomly selects the test inputs. So, generating test data is based on constraint logic programming techniques.To assess this, we experimented this method on realistic and typical examples of em4 applications. Although SPTL was evaluated on EM4, its use can be envisaged for the validation of other types of synchronous controllers or systems.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T15:51:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo2757_1.pdf: 5759741 bytes, checksum: 8075c58c36a6d409b242f2a7873fb02f (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Vitorino dos Santos Filho, Jairson; Pierre Louis Robin, Jacques. CHROME: a model-driven component-based rule engine. 2009. Tese (Doutorado). Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Computação, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, 2009.

This thesis introduces a new methodology for robust form parameter design of complex hull form geometry via constraint programming, automatic differentiation, interval arithmetic, and truncated hierarchical B- splines. To date, there has been no clearly stated methodology for assuring consistency of general (equality and inequality) constraints across an entire geometric form parameter ship hull design space. In contrast, the method to be given here can be used to produce guaranteed narrowing of the design space, such that infeasible portions are eliminated. Furthermore, we can guarantee that any set of form parameters generated by our method will be self consistent. It is for this reason that we use the title feasible form parameter design. In form parameter design, a design space is represented by a tuple of design parameters which are extended in each design space dimension. In this representation, a single feasible design is a consistent set of real valued parameters, one for every component of the design space tuple. Using the methodology to be given here, we pick out designs which consist of consistent parameters, narrowed to any desired precision up to that of the machine, even for equality constraints. Furthermore, the method is developed to enable the generation of complex hull forms using an extension of the basic rules idea to allow for automated generation of rules networks, plus the use of the truncated hierarchical B-splines, a wavelet-adaptive extension of standard B-splines and hierarchical B-splines. The adaptive resolution methods are employed in order to allow an automated program the freedom to generate complex B-spline representations of the geometry in a robust manner across multiple levels of detail. Thus two complementary objectives are pursued: ensuring feasible starting sets of form parameters, and enabling the generation of complex hull form geometry.

The modal satisfiability problem has to date been solved using either a specifically designed algorithm, or by translating the modal logic formula into a different class of problem, such as a first-order logic, a propositional satisfiability problem or a constraint satisfaction problem. These approaches and the solvers developed to support them are surveyed and a synthesis thereof is presented. The translation of a modal K formula into a constraint satisfaction problem, as developed by Brand et al. [18], is further enhanced. The modal formula, which must be in conjunctive normal form, is translated into layered propositional formulae. Each of these layers is translated into a constraint satisfaction problem and solved using the constraint solver ECLiPSe. I extend this translation to deal with reflexive and transitive accessibility relations, thereby providing for the modal logics KT and S4. Two of the difficulties that arise when these accessibility relations are added are that the resultant formula increases considerably in complexity, and that it is no longer in conjunctive normal form (CNF). I eliminate the need for the conversion of the formula to CNF and deal instead with formulae that are in negation normal form (NNF). I apply a number of enhancements to the formula at each modal layer before it is translated into a constraint satisfaction problem. These include extensive simplification, the assignment of a single value to propositional variables that occur only positively or only negatively, and caching the status of the formula at each node of the search tree. All of these significantly prune the search space. The final results I achieve compare favorably with those obtained by other solvers. / Computing / M.Sc. (Computer Science)

The modal satisfiability problem has to date been solved using either a specifically designed algorithm, or by translating the modal logic formula into a different class of problem, such as a first-order logic, a propositional satisfiability problem or a constraint satisfaction problem. These approaches and the solvers developed to support them are surveyed and a synthesis thereof is presented. The translation of a modal K formula into a constraint satisfaction problem, as developed by Brand et al. [18], is further enhanced. The modal formula, which must be in conjunctive normal form, is translated into layered propositional formulae. Each of these layers is translated into a constraint satisfaction problem and solved using the constraint solver ECLiPSe. I extend this translation to deal with reflexive and transitive accessibility relations, thereby providing for the modal logics KT and S4. Two of the difficulties that arise when these accessibility relations are added are that the resultant formula increases considerably in complexity, and that it is no longer in conjunctive normal form (CNF). I eliminate the need for the conversion of the formula to CNF and deal instead with formulae that are in negation normal form (NNF). I apply a number of enhancements to the formula at each modal layer before it is translated into a constraint satisfaction problem. These include extensive simplification, the assignment of a single value to propositional variables that occur only positively or only negatively, and caching the status of the formula at each node of the search tree. All of these significantly prune the search space. The final results I achieve compare favorably with those obtained by other solvers. / Computing / M.Sc. (Computer Science)