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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

O uso da multimodalidade em materiais didÃticos virtuais dos cursos de graduaÃÃo de Ensino a DistÃncia- EaD / The multimodality in virtual learning materials of Distance Learning Courses.

MarÃlio Salgado Nogueira 27 February 2014 (has links)
nÃo hà / A EducaÃÃo a DistÃncia tem surgido como uma alternativa de modalidade de ensino para atender a uma nova demanda sÃcio-polÃtica-econÃmica (BRENNAND, 2002). Consequentemente, essa nova modalidade tambÃm tem exigido a produÃÃo de material didÃtico virtual. Para tanto, esta pesquisa propÃe realizar um diagnÃstico dos recursos multimodais usados em materiais didÃticos virtuais, tentando compreender de que maneira tal uso tem contribuÃdo na elaboraÃÃo de materiais didÃticos virtuais. Para subsidiar teoricamente a pesquisa, este trabalho procurou respaldo na SemiÃtica Social, cujo foco incide sobre os principais modos de representaÃÃo e funÃÃo por meio de um texto, como tambÃm tenta investigar e compreender os fatores sociais, histÃricos e culturais utilizados para produzirem o significado de qualquer modo semiÃtico; (HODGE e KRESS, 1998; KRESS e VAN LEEUWEN, 1996; HALLIDAY, 1978). Essa teoria encontra subsÃdio no Funcionalismo, que em uma situaÃÃo comunicativa, considera o propÃsito do evento da fala, seus participantes e o contexto discursivo, ou seja; o uso da linguagem (HALLIDAY, 1994). Tanto a SemiÃtica Social quanto o Funcionalismo estabeleceram a base para a elaboraÃÃo da GramÃtica do Design Visual, produzido por Kress e van Leeuwen (1996), cujas metafunÃÃes sÃo baseadas nos princÃpios da GramÃtica SistÃmico-Funcional. E por vez, nortearam os estudos sobre a multimodalidade que serviram de base para a anÃlise dos recursos multimodais no material didÃtico virtual. Em consonÃncia com os objetivos deste trabalho, esta pesquisa foi conduzida por uma metodologia exploratÃrio-descritiva, do tipo survey, em que houve a seleÃÃo de duas disciplinas, uma do primeiro semestre, denominada de Teoria de LÃngua e Segunda LÃngua, e outra do terceiro, denominada de LÃngua Inglesa 3B, e de seus respectivos materiais didÃticos virtuais, do curso de graduaÃÃo semipresencial em Letras InglÃs da Universidade Federal do Cearà â UFC. Para a obtenÃÃo dos dados, foram utilizados trÃs instrumentos de pesquisa, uma Lista de Checagem e dois questionÃrios, adaptados para cada um dos participantes, alunos e professores coordenadores das disciplinas. Com a anÃlise, foram observadas nos materiais didÃticos virtuais trÃs tipos de linguagens: verbal, com 83%; nÃo-verbal, com 15%; e verbo-visual 2%. Constatou-se tambÃm que a maioria dos recursos multimodais à expresso pelo tipo de linguagem verbal. TambÃm, um nÃmero considerÃvel de elementos multimodais estabelece uma relaÃÃo com o texto por especificaÃÃo (IlustraÃÃo) ou por similaridade e possuem uma funÃÃo de impessoalidade ou neutro. Ainda, alguns desses recursos multimodais inseridos pelo autor sÃo trocados ou retirados no momento da transiÃÃo do meio impresso para o meio virtual por uma equipe de transiÃÃo da instituiÃÃo, o que faz perder o efeito de sentido original do texto; tambÃm hà um percentual mÃnimo de recursos multimodais que nÃo estÃo inseridos dentro de um contexto social do leitor, dificultando a compreensÃo do conteÃdo do material didÃtico; e, por fim, os recursos multimodais sÃo bem distribuÃdos e organizados na tela do computador. ConcluÃmos que à fundamental que todos os envolvidos no processo de elaboraÃÃo do material didÃtico virtual, tenham o conhecimento linguÃstico, em especial, sobre a SemiÃtica Social; ao inserir os recursos multimodais, que seja observado o universo sÃcio-cultural do aluno para a construÃÃo de sentido eficiente; e vejam a possibilidade de inserir outros recursos multimodais no texto de forma consciente para auxiliar na construÃÃo de sentido. / Distance education has established itself as an alternative modality of learning which meets new socio-political-economic demands in the educational field (BRENNAND, 2002). A consequence of this new learning modality is the increased need for virtual learning materials. This paper presents the results of an evaluation of the multimodal resources employed in virtual learning materials, and a discussion of how such use has contributed in the development of virtual learning materials. The background for the study are the linguistic theories on multimodality, such as functionalism, which takes into consideration, for any given communicative situation, the purpose of speech events, as well as the participants and the discursive context involved, i.e., the use of language (Halliday, 1994). The principles of social semiotics were also considered, which focus on the main representational and functional modes expressed in a text, while also trying to investigate and understand the social, historical and cultural factors involved in the production of meaning in any semiotic mode ( HODGE and Kress, 1998; Kress and van Leeuwen, 1996; Halliday, 1978). Social semiotics and functionalism are among the bases upon which the Grammar of Visual Design (Kress and van Leeuwen, 1996) was developed, and it proposes similar metafunctions to those found in systemic functional grammar theories. Kress and van Leeuwenâs work is, therefore, the main basis for the analysis of multimodal resources in virtual learning material presented in this paper. The study adopted exploratory-descriptive methods of survey type. Two English disciplines and their respective virtual learning materials were selected for investigation, namely Theories of Language and Second Language and English Language 3B. These disciplines are part, respectively, of the curriculums of the first and third semesters of the blended-modality BA Course in English Language Teaching at the Federal University of Cearà â UFC. In this course, students have both distance classes and regular in situ classes. Three research instruments were used for data collection, a checklist and two questionnaires, which were adapted to the different categories of participants: students, instructors and coordinators. The analysis revealed that three types of language are employed in the virtual learning materials under study: verbal language (83 %), non-verbal (15 %) and verbal-visual (2 %). Therefore, it was concluded that most multimodal resources are expressed by means of verbal language. In addition, it was found that a significant number of multimodal elements relate to the texts of origin through specification (illustration) or through similarity, and have impersonal or neutral functions. Furthermore, it was observed that the specialists from the University in charge of designing the virtual materials decide to change or withdraw from the text some of their multimodal resources, at the moment of their insertion in the virtual environment. This process results in the loss of some of the original meaning of the texts. There is also a small percentage of multimodal features which are not part of the social context of the readers, making it difficult to understand the content of the teaching material. Finally, it was found that the multimodal resources are well distributed and organized on the computer screen. From all that, it can be concluded that it is essential that all parties involved in the process virtual learning materials design have the necessary linguistic knowledge, especially concerning social semiotics. It is also important that material designers take the social and cultural background of the student into consideration in order to create efficient materials and that the possibility of purposeful insertion of other multimodal features in the text is considered as a way to contribute for the construction of textual meaning.

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