Health disparities are differences in disease prevalence, mortality rates, and adverse health outcomes across social demographics. The prevalence of health disparities stems from sociopolitical inequities that contribute to the ongoing marginalization of different communities, the majority of which occur along racial and ethnic lines in the United States. As moral wrongs in need of moral repair, health disparities can be addressed in one of six ways, articulated in the scholarship of Margaret Urban Walker: (1) holding wrongdoers responsible; (2) addressing the harms imposed on victims; (3) instating moral terms and standards into harmed communities to regain their trust in social mechanisms meant to protect them; (4) recreating trust among harmed communities rooted in new norms; (5) nourishing hope; and (6) bringing together victims and wrongdoers. This dissertation engages the aforementioned morally reparative steps to redress the moral wrong of health disparities in the United States through proposed policy, educational, and clinical interventions. This dissertation examines health disparities from four perspectives. First, it employs a sociohistorical lens to chart the history of health disparities in the United States and the complex social factors contributing to their prevalence. Second, it uses international rights rhetoric of the United Nations and its supporting committees to examine methods of accountability from the United States aimed at reducing disparities and inequities. Third, the dissertation applies the lens of Jacques Maritain’s ontologically informed personalism to reclaim personhood as a viable concept that attends to the sacrality of humanity and our status as social and political beings. Fourth, the dissertation applies the historical, rights, and personalist perspectives in a case study centering black birthing people as an exemplary demographic plagued by racially impacted health disparities and in need of moral repair. This dissertation uses the four-perspective approach to conclude with a morally reparative framework aimed at eliminating health disparities through constructive healthcare policy, practice, and educational measures affirming personhood, human dignity, universal human rights, and health for all people.

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