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Untersuchungen zur Bindung kontaktallergener Substanzen an nukleophile AminosäureseitenkettenPickert, Janko 16 December 2004 (has links)
In der heutigen Zeit sind ca. 4000 Verbindungen bekannt, denen die Fähigkeit nachgesagt wird, eine Kontaktallergie auslösen zu können. Die Entscheidung, ob ein Stoff hautsensibilisierende Eigenschaften besitzt, wird dabei meist auf der Grundlage von Beobachtungen am Menschen und/oder von tierexperimentellen Befunden getroffen. Bedingt durch den vermehrten Einsatz exotischer Pflanzen und neu entwickelter synthetischer Substanzen im Bereich der Kosmetikindustrie besteht der Bedarf an einer einfachen Methode zur Vorhersage des kontaktallergenen Potentials einer Verbindung. Als zentraler Schritt bei der Manifestierung einer Kontaktallergie wird die Bildung eines Hapten-Carrier-Komplexes aus dem niedermolekularen Kontaktallergen (Hapten) und Hautproteinen (Carrier) angesehen. Zur Abschätzung der Sensibilisierungsfähigkeit kann daher auch die Reaktivität der Substanz oder ihrer Metaboliten gegenüber Proteinen herangezogen werden. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden neben dem bedeutenden Phytoekzematogen Tulipalin A die bisher wenig untersuchten kontaktallergenen Duftstoffe Geraniol, 7-Hydroxycitronellal, Benzaldehyd, Salicylaldehyd, Vanillin, Zimtaldehyd, a-Amyl-zimtaldehyd und Benzylcinnamat hinsichtlich ihrer Reaktivität gegenüber peptidgebundenen Aminosäuren untersucht. Verwendet werden für diese Modellversuche Hippuryl-Derivate und Acetyl-Derivate der Aminosäuren Lysin, Histidin, Arginin bzw. Cystein sowie zusätzlich Glutathion. Die dabei gewählten Bedingungen sollen eine Adaption an physiologische Gegebenheiten erlauben. Ziel ist es, zu klären, ob die mit diesen Modellversuchen zu gewinnenden Ergebnisse mit dem bekannten kontaktallergenen Potential der eingesetzten Haptene korrelieren und somit geeignet sind, die Sensibilisierungsfähigkeit einer Substanz vorherzusagen. Über Konjugationsprodukte von Kontaktallergenen mit Peptiden oder Proteinen ist in der Literatur sehr wenig bekannt. Daher ist es ein weiteres Ziel dieser Arbeit, individuelle Produkte der Reaktionen der kontaktallergenen Substanzen mit den nukleophilen Aminosäureseitenketten zu isolieren und zu charakterisieren, um so definierte Hapten-Carrier-Konjugate, die unter physiologisch relevanten Bedingungen entstehen können, zu beschreiben. Aufbauend auf den gefundenen Strukturen sollte es auch möglich sein, Hinweise auf eventuelle Reaktionsmechanismen zu erhalten.
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Differential functions of Interleukin-10 derived from different cell types in the regulation of immune responsesSurianarayanan, Sangeetha 10 January 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an important regulator of immune responses secreted by different cell types. Previous results from our group suggested that the biological effects of this cytokine critically depend on its cellular source. Recent studies reported IL-10 dependent immunosuppressive functions of a specialized subset of regulatory B cells and mast cells. These results relied on adoptive cell transfers, a technique which can potentially introduce artifacts. Therefore, we aimed to readdress these questions in independent models using IL-10 transcriptional reporter mice and various conditional IL-10 mutant mice.
Findings in IL-10 reporter system suggested prominent IL-10 transcription in regulatory B cells upon LPS administration. Exposure of mice to contact allergen revealed robust reporter expression in CD8 T cells, moderate to mild reporter expression in CD4 T cells and dendritic
cells (DC) respectively, and lack of reporter expression in B cells, mast cells and NK cells in allergen challenged ears.
We generated cell-type specific IL-10 mutants by Cre/LoxP-mediated conditional gene inactivation. Efficiency and specificity of Cre-mediated recombination was demonstrated by Southern blot and PCR methods.
Various immunogenic challenges in conditional IL-10 mutants did not reveal a role for B cell-derived IL-10 in restraining innate TLR or T cell-dependent inflammatory responses. Likewise, mice with selective inactivation of the il10 gene in mast cells exhibited normal CHS responses and unaltered immune response to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. On the other hand, DC-specific IL-10 mutants developed excessive inflammatory responses to contact allergens, while innate responses to TLR ligands were not altered. This indicates a non-redundant role for DC-derived IL-10 in contact allergy.
Thus, the conditional IL-10 ‘‘knockout’’ mice combined with the novel transcriptional IL-10 reporter system can serve as ideal tools to understand the cell-type specific contributions to IL-10-mediated immune regulation.
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Differential functions of Interleukin-10 derived from different cell types in the regulation of immune responsesSurianarayanan, Sangeetha 16 December 2011 (has links)
Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an important regulator of immune responses secreted by different cell types. Previous results from our group suggested that the biological effects of this cytokine critically depend on its cellular source. Recent studies reported IL-10 dependent immunosuppressive functions of a specialized subset of regulatory B cells and mast cells. These results relied on adoptive cell transfers, a technique which can potentially introduce artifacts. Therefore, we aimed to readdress these questions in independent models using IL-10 transcriptional reporter mice and various conditional IL-10 mutant mice.
Findings in IL-10 reporter system suggested prominent IL-10 transcription in regulatory B cells upon LPS administration. Exposure of mice to contact allergen revealed robust reporter expression in CD8 T cells, moderate to mild reporter expression in CD4 T cells and dendritic
cells (DC) respectively, and lack of reporter expression in B cells, mast cells and NK cells in allergen challenged ears.
We generated cell-type specific IL-10 mutants by Cre/LoxP-mediated conditional gene inactivation. Efficiency and specificity of Cre-mediated recombination was demonstrated by Southern blot and PCR methods.
Various immunogenic challenges in conditional IL-10 mutants did not reveal a role for B cell-derived IL-10 in restraining innate TLR or T cell-dependent inflammatory responses. Likewise, mice with selective inactivation of the il10 gene in mast cells exhibited normal CHS responses and unaltered immune response to CpG oligodeoxynucleotides. On the other hand, DC-specific IL-10 mutants developed excessive inflammatory responses to contact allergens, while innate responses to TLR ligands were not altered. This indicates a non-redundant role for DC-derived IL-10 in contact allergy.
Thus, the conditional IL-10 ‘‘knockout’’ mice combined with the novel transcriptional IL-10 reporter system can serve as ideal tools to understand the cell-type specific contributions to IL-10-mediated immune regulation.
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