Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:04:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FranciscoADL_DISSERT.pdf: 4344818 bytes, checksum: 02c4e30b5eebe8d4d2b3066182e040ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-18 / The development of this work arises from the research of sociological and philosophical characters contemplating also other approaches which aims to answer the followingquestions: what is the responsibility of science teaching for the image one has about science? ; which scientific education should be designed for nowadays? . After considering the assumptions brought along by rationalism and the criticisms to the illuminist model proposed by sociology and philosophy of science, as well by the biology of the knowing process, going through discussions concerning post-modernity issues, one is given to understand that the image of science has become the central point of discussion in the last hundred years, including what concerns the area of science teaching, and that practically none of those discussions really reached natural science classes indeed. We adopt the term postontological to characterize the recent proposals on philosophy and sociology, because we evaluate that this term allows a better identification of the scientific realism crisis, which supports the existence of an ontological domain which science, and only science, is able to understand. One notices that the general public is not aware of those discussions, mainly if they are science teachers and students. So we believe that discussing the logic in which science is structured, the new understandings concerning the scientific undertaking, especially those of an externalist character, and the relationship between science and society, all of this contributes to build up a science teaching which contemplates a reflective contribution, besides allowing the inclusion of the study of other epistemologies in the educational practice. We argue that a revisionist posture seems to be the most appropriate for the contemporary scientific education, contemplating, besides the teaching of the usual science contents, discussions on the issues involving that knowledge, as well as respecting epistemologies alternative to the modern Western scientific one, in order one can work on the perception of local knowledge generated from other epistemological bases. We describe here practical activities we did involving teachers (short-term courses) and high-school students in an inland school in the Rio Grande do Norte state, in Brazil, as a way to demonstrate the possibility of interventions which can take those conceptions, discussions and changes to the classroom / O desenrolar deste trabalho surge da pesquisa de car?ter sociol?gico e filos?fico contemplando tamb?m outros enfoques que visa responder as seguintes indaga??es: Qual a responsabilidade do ensino de ci?ncias para a imagem que se tem de ci?ncia? ; Qual educa??o cient?fica deveria estar sendo desenhada para os dias de hoje? . Ap?s tratar dos pressupostos trazidos pelo racionalismo e as cr?ticas ao modelo iluminista propostas tanto pela sociologia da ci?ncia e pela filosofia da ci?ncia, como tamb?m pela biologia do conhecer, passando por discuss?es acerca da p?s-modernidade, chega-se ao entendimento de que a imagem da ci?ncia tornou-se ponto central de discuss?o nos ?ltimos cem anos, inclusive no que concerne ? ?rea de ensino de ci?ncias, e que praticamente nada disso chegou ?s aulas de ci?ncias naturais de fato. Adotamos o termo p?s-ontol?gico para caracterizar as propostas recentes da filosofia e da sociologia, por considerarmos que este termo melhor identifica e explicita a crise sofrida pelo realismo cient?fico, que defende a exist?ncia de um dom?nio ontol?gico que a ci?ncia, e somente ela, permite compreender. Observa-se que tais discuss?es s?o desconhecidas do p?blico em geral, e, principalmente, de professores e alunos de ci?ncias. Nesse sentido, acreditamos que discutir a l?gica na qual se estrutura a ci?ncia, os novos entendimentos em rela??o ao fazer cient?fico, em particular os de cunho externalista, e a rela??o entre ci?ncia e sociedade contribui para a consolida??o de um ensino de ci?ncias que contemple um aporte mais reflexivo, al?m de possibilitar a inser??o do estudo de outras epistemologias na pr?tica educativa. Argumentamos que uma postura revisionista parece ser a mais adequada para a educa??o cient?fica contempor?nea, contemplando, al?m do ensino dos conte?dos habituais das ci?ncias, discuss?es sobre as quest?es que envolvem esses conhecimentos, assim como a valoriza??o de epistemologias alternativas ? cient?fica moderna ocidental, como forma de se trabalhar a percep??o de conhecimentos locais, gerados a partir de outras bases epistemol?gicas. Nesse sentido, s?o descritas atividades pr?ticas realizadas com professores, atrav?s de minicursos, e em sala de aula de turmas do Ensino M?dio de uma escola do interior do Rio Grande do Norte, como forma de demonstrar a possibilidade de interven??es que possam levar essas concep??es, discuss?es e mudan?as para a escola