MPH / Department of Public Health / Background: TB and HIV/AIDS were identified as priority healthcare problems of current years worldwide. Notable concerns (2878) were raised in Vhembe District Municipality because of an increase in patients with TB, including re-treatment patients (Department of Health, 2017). Purpose: The main aim of the study was to investigate the factors associated with the increase of new TB infection among clients in Thulamela Municipality, South Africa. Methodology: A quantitative descriptive survey design was used to conduct this study. Census sampling or total population sampling technique was used to select the respondents who were patients seeking treatment for TB from the designated clinics within Thulamela. Self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents. Data were analyzed using statistical package for social sciences version 25.0. Results: out of a high proportion of the respondents 45 % (n=98) respondents were taking ARV treatment while 27% (n=58) were taking respiratory disease treatment at the time of TB diagnosis. Moreover, 59% (n=169) respondents reported being next to a coughing person before diagnosed with Tuberculosis. Conclusion and recommendations: The results discovered that most respondents stayed in the dusty area for more than three years. Educating the community about how staying and working in dusty areas contribute to TB infection may decrease the rate of infection. / NRF