The thesis is focused on the central controlled economy in Czechoslovakia in the period from 1945 until 1957. The main role of economy at that time was the fastest possible rehabilitation of the economy destroyed by World War II.. The political situation was undoubtedly setting the trend in the economical development. Postwar decision in the matter of the future optimal economic mechanism was a political choice and the political influence was a significant feature of the central directive economy during its existence. The thesis is focused on the main aspects and conditions of the economical transformation, on the general attributes of the central controlled economy, organizational structure of the national economy, scheduling of production and consumption, formation of prices and wages, on the changes in the banking system and the public finances in Czechoslovakia during the mentioned period.

Cette thèse aborde l'histoire d'une entreprise familiale réunionnaise de sa fondation à la fin du XXe siècle. Les Isautier ont développé leurs affaires autour de la distillation du rhum (filière cannes/rhum). En 1918, le rachat par Alfred Isautier de la distillerie du front de mer de Saint-Pierre, une des plus anciennes de l'île, marque une césure avec les stratégies familiales. Il agrandit son domaine, fonde l'entreprise « Établissements Alfred Isautier » et l'ancre dans l'histoire familiale. A la fin des années 1950, Ses fils développent des activités dans divers domaines, profitant des atouts de l'île et de la politique de développement liée à la départementalisation. Sensible à la crise des années 1970, l'entreprise est restructurée et se concentre à nouveau sur son corps de métier, le rhum. Ce travail de recherche a pour but de montrer l'évolution de l'entreprise, ses relations avec l'économie locale, et son incidence sociale. Les établissements Isautier se sont adaptés aux difficultés inhérentes au contexte insulaire et local et aux grandes crises internationales, les stratégies menées permettant d'assurer la survie et la transmission de l'entreprise. / This doctoral thesis is about a family company in Reunion in the 19th and 20th century from its birth to 1990. The Isautier family developed their business around the sugar cane industry (sugar cane and rum). In 1918, Alfred Isautier bought the distillery, one of the oldest in the island, from the family, purchased new lands and founded his own business “Etablissements Alfred Isautier”. In the early fifties (1950), his sons started new business strategies owing to the resources of the island, and its recently acquired status of “département”. Later in the seventies, because of the crisis, the company went through a major restructuring based on rum industry. This work demonstrates the importance and influence of the company on the local economic trend and its social consequences. The “Etablissements Isautier” had a great ability in facing the insularity and the international situation, the survival and continuity of the family business issuing from the numerous strategies developed by the company.

Significant changes occurred in economic realm by declaration of Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia on March 16, 1939, and its integration into German economic sphere. The aim of the diploma thesis is to analyze the response of then society, primarily professional public (economists, lawyers, and politicians), and its appraisal and reception of the situation. The investigation is conducted on the basis of selected articles published in magazine 'Obzor národohospodářský' (Economic horizon) from 1938, 1939, 1940 and 1941, when the publishing was interrupted. The thesis should contribute to a depiction of protectoral economy in the subjective perception of the authors of the magazine.