Devido às redes convergentes, os usuários dos produtos de telecomunicações passaram a ter disponíveis serviços mais completos, desde a simples possibilidade de escolha da tecnologia de acesso para os serviços de dados, passando por serviços com conteúdo multimídia com qualidade assegurada e usando diferentes tecnologias de acesso, entretanto este novo cenário traz consigo uma complexidade tecnológica que dificulta a escolha do produto mais apropriado a cada necessidade do usuário. O advento das redes convergentes permite que o usuário possa ter serviços que atendam as suas necessidades em termos de funcionalidade, mobilidade e qualidade, mas a escolha do produto mais adequado de cada provedora de telecomunicações não é fácil para a maioria dos usuários, portanto a presente tese propõe um modelo de negócios para o segmento de telecomunicações que, ao invés de prover produtos, passa a fornecer serviços adequados a cada necessidade do usuário, atendendo sua necessidade em termos de qualidade de serviços, permitindo melhor compreensão dos parâmetros da qualidade fornecida. O modelo de negócios proposto nesta tese cria quatro provedoras, sendo que três provedoras fornecem produtos de conteúdo (Provedora de Conteúdo), infraestrutura (Provedora de Infraestrutura) e acesso (Provedora de acesso), e uma provedora, chamada Provedora de Serviços, que fornecerá o serviço ao usuário final, que é formado pelos produtos das provedoras citadas. Além disso, a provedora de serviços ficará responsável pelo fornecimento do serviço que atenda as necessidades de mobilidade e qualidade de serviços adequada a cada usuário final. Esta tese, também, apresenta uma proposta de adequação do modelo e-TOM (Enhanced Telecom Operations Map) proposto pelo TMF (TeleManagement Forum) em atendimento ao novo modelo de negócios proposto, e uma arquitetura aberta baseada no NESSI (Networked European Software & Services Initiative) da comunidade européia que viabiliza o modelo de negócios proposto. O estudo de caso apresenta a implementação de um sistema de gestão de força de trabalho para empresas de telecomunicações baseado na arquitetura proposta que atende ao modelo de negócios proposto, essa implementação está sendo parcialmente financiada pela FINEP (Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos) através do projeto SGSCENU-SISTEMA GESTOR DE SERVIÇOS CENTRADO NO USUÁRIO, convênio 01.08.0519.00, iniciado em março de 2009 com término previsto em março de 2011. O modelo de negócios proposto apresenta uma quebra de paradigma para o mercado de telecomunicações que é o foco no usuário final, e não nos produtos. No cenário proposto o usuário final seleciona o serviço que melhor atende à sua necessidade com a qualidade de serviços desejada e as provedoras de serviços fornecem serviços que melhor atendam a necessidade do usuário final, sem no entanto realizar grandes investimentos, pois pode utilizar os produtos fornecidos pelas demais provedoras. O modelo de negócios proposto necessita uma adequação nos processos de negócios, pois as provedoras passam a ser complementares entre si e compartilham produtos nas mais diversas situações. E para atender a esta característica é necessário uma arquitetura que integre os sistemas das provedoras de forma transparente, permitindo que a provedora de serviços forneça o serviço de acordo com a qualidade de serviço contratada pelo usuário final. / Due to convergent networks, telecommunications products users available now have more complete services, from simple choice of access technology to data services, to new services with multimedia content with assured quality and used different access technologies, however this new scenario brings with it a technological complexity makes it difficult to choose the product that suits every need of user. The advent of convergent networks allows the user may have services that meet their needs in terms of unctionality, mobility and quality, but choosing the most suitable product for every telecommunications provider is not easy for most users, so this thesis proposes a business model for the telecommunications segment that instead of providing products is to provide adequate services to meet every need of the user, given their need for quality services, allowing better understanding of the quality parameters supplied. The business model proposed in this thesis creates four providers being three providers provide content products (Content Provider), infrastructure (Infrastructure Provider) and access (Internet Service Provider) and a provider, called the Service Provider will provide the service to the end user, which is formed by the products of listed providers. In addition, the service provider will be responsible for providing service that meets the needs of mobility and quality of services tailored to each end user. This thesis also presents a proposal to adapt the model e-TOM (Enhanced Telecom Operations Map) proposed by the TeleManagement Forum (TMF) in response to the new business model proposed, and an open architecture based on NESSI (Networked European Software & Services Initiative) of the European community that enables the business model proposed. The study case describes the implementation of a management system of labor for telecommunications companies based on the proposed architecture that addresses the business proposed model, this implementation is being partially financed by FINEP (Financier of Studies and Projects) project SGSCENU-SYSTEM MANAGER SERVICES focused on the user agreement 01.08.0519.00, started in March 2009 with completion expected in March 2011. The proposed business model presents a paradigm shift for the telecommunications market that is the focus on the end user, and not the products. In the proposed scenario the end user selects the service that best fits your need with the quality of services desired, and service providers to provide services that best meet the need of the end user, without making major investments because you can use the products supplied by other providers. The proposed business model needs an appropriate business processes, because the providers become complementary to each other and share products in a variety of situations. And to accommodate this feature you need an architecture that integrates the systems of providers in a transparent manner, allowing the service provider provides the service according to the quality of service contracted by the end user.

Devido às redes convergentes, os usuários dos produtos de telecomunicações passaram a ter disponíveis serviços mais completos, desde a simples possibilidade de escolha da tecnologia de acesso para os serviços de dados, passando por serviços com conteúdo multimídia com qualidade assegurada e usando diferentes tecnologias de acesso, entretanto este novo cenário traz consigo uma complexidade tecnológica que dificulta a escolha do produto mais apropriado a cada necessidade do usuário. O advento das redes convergentes permite que o usuário possa ter serviços que atendam as suas necessidades em termos de funcionalidade, mobilidade e qualidade, mas a escolha do produto mais adequado de cada provedora de telecomunicações não é fácil para a maioria dos usuários, portanto a presente tese propõe um modelo de negócios para o segmento de telecomunicações que, ao invés de prover produtos, passa a fornecer serviços adequados a cada necessidade do usuário, atendendo sua necessidade em termos de qualidade de serviços, permitindo melhor compreensão dos parâmetros da qualidade fornecida. O modelo de negócios proposto nesta tese cria quatro provedoras, sendo que três provedoras fornecem produtos de conteúdo (Provedora de Conteúdo), infraestrutura (Provedora de Infraestrutura) e acesso (Provedora de acesso), e uma provedora, chamada Provedora de Serviços, que fornecerá o serviço ao usuário final, que é formado pelos produtos das provedoras citadas. Além disso, a provedora de serviços ficará responsável pelo fornecimento do serviço que atenda as necessidades de mobilidade e qualidade de serviços adequada a cada usuário final. Esta tese, também, apresenta uma proposta de adequação do modelo e-TOM (Enhanced Telecom Operations Map) proposto pelo TMF (TeleManagement Forum) em atendimento ao novo modelo de negócios proposto, e uma arquitetura aberta baseada no NESSI (Networked European Software & Services Initiative) da comunidade européia que viabiliza o modelo de negócios proposto. O estudo de caso apresenta a implementação de um sistema de gestão de força de trabalho para empresas de telecomunicações baseado na arquitetura proposta que atende ao modelo de negócios proposto, essa implementação está sendo parcialmente financiada pela FINEP (Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos) através do projeto SGSCENU-SISTEMA GESTOR DE SERVIÇOS CENTRADO NO USUÁRIO, convênio 01.08.0519.00, iniciado em março de 2009 com término previsto em março de 2011. O modelo de negócios proposto apresenta uma quebra de paradigma para o mercado de telecomunicações que é o foco no usuário final, e não nos produtos. No cenário proposto o usuário final seleciona o serviço que melhor atende à sua necessidade com a qualidade de serviços desejada e as provedoras de serviços fornecem serviços que melhor atendam a necessidade do usuário final, sem no entanto realizar grandes investimentos, pois pode utilizar os produtos fornecidos pelas demais provedoras. O modelo de negócios proposto necessita uma adequação nos processos de negócios, pois as provedoras passam a ser complementares entre si e compartilham produtos nas mais diversas situações. E para atender a esta característica é necessário uma arquitetura que integre os sistemas das provedoras de forma transparente, permitindo que a provedora de serviços forneça o serviço de acordo com a qualidade de serviço contratada pelo usuário final. / Due to convergent networks, telecommunications products users available now have more complete services, from simple choice of access technology to data services, to new services with multimedia content with assured quality and used different access technologies, however this new scenario brings with it a technological complexity makes it difficult to choose the product that suits every need of user. The advent of convergent networks allows the user may have services that meet their needs in terms of unctionality, mobility and quality, but choosing the most suitable product for every telecommunications provider is not easy for most users, so this thesis proposes a business model for the telecommunications segment that instead of providing products is to provide adequate services to meet every need of the user, given their need for quality services, allowing better understanding of the quality parameters supplied. The business model proposed in this thesis creates four providers being three providers provide content products (Content Provider), infrastructure (Infrastructure Provider) and access (Internet Service Provider) and a provider, called the Service Provider will provide the service to the end user, which is formed by the products of listed providers. In addition, the service provider will be responsible for providing service that meets the needs of mobility and quality of services tailored to each end user. This thesis also presents a proposal to adapt the model e-TOM (Enhanced Telecom Operations Map) proposed by the TeleManagement Forum (TMF) in response to the new business model proposed, and an open architecture based on NESSI (Networked European Software & Services Initiative) of the European community that enables the business model proposed. The study case describes the implementation of a management system of labor for telecommunications companies based on the proposed architecture that addresses the business proposed model, this implementation is being partially financed by FINEP (Financier of Studies and Projects) project SGSCENU-SYSTEM MANAGER SERVICES focused on the user agreement 01.08.0519.00, started in March 2009 with completion expected in March 2011. The proposed business model presents a paradigm shift for the telecommunications market that is the focus on the end user, and not the products. In the proposed scenario the end user selects the service that best fits your need with the quality of services desired, and service providers to provide services that best meet the need of the end user, without making major investments because you can use the products supplied by other providers. The proposed business model needs an appropriate business processes, because the providers become complementary to each other and share products in a variety of situations. And to accommodate this feature you need an architecture that integrates the systems of providers in a transparent manner, allowing the service provider provides the service according to the quality of service contracted by the end user.

O segmento das comunicações, já há alguns anos, vem passando por significativas transformações exigindo a interação entre ambientes tecnológicos convergentes heterogêneos, com qualidade na continuidade de serviços, para se manter competitivo, pois é este mercado que exige, constantemente, que mais recursos tecnológicos lhe sejam colocados à disposição. O ineditismo da proposta desenvolvida neste trabalho é a elaboração de um modelo para assegurar a continuidade da qualidade de serviço percebida pelo usuário final através de handover (ou handoff) vertical, o que caracteriza-se como uma necessidade de solução global, isto é, o modelo é genérico e independente da tecnologia, o que permite sua adoção em qualquer ambiente de rede existente aproveitando a capilaridade já disponível das redes legadas. É analisada também a situação na qual um usuário final esteja acessando simultaneamente serviços gerenciados por Provedores de Serviço distintos, o que conduz a duas situações possíveis: a) o usuário está acessando serviços distintos contratados a Provedores de Serviço diferentes; b) o usuário está acessando o mesmo serviço contratado a Provedores de Serviço distintos. Nesta última situação pode surgir a necessidade de disparar um processo de handover exigindo a decisão de qual dos Provedores o executará, de acordo com o SPHDA Service Providers Handover Decision Agreement. A metodologia adotada para o desenvolvido do modelo foi a RM-ODP - Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing, por abranger todos os aspectos técnicos e comerciais necessários à sua construção. / The sector of communications, for some years, has undergone significant changes requiring interaction between converging heterogeneous technology environments, with quality and continuity of services to stay competitive, because this market is that requires constantly more technological resources available. The novelty of the proposal developed in this work is the development of a model to ensure the continued quality of service perceived by end users via vertical handover (or handoff), which characterizes itself as a need for a global solution, i.e., the model is generic and technology independent, allowing its adoption in any network environment taking advantage of the capillary already available from legacy networks. It is also analyzed the situation in which an end user is simultaneously accessing services managed by different Service Providers, which leads to two possible situations: a) the user is accessing different services contracted to different Service Providers; b) the user is accessing the same service contracted to different Service Providers. In this last situation may be necessary to trigger a handover process requiring the decision of which the Providers shall execute it in accordance with the SPHDA - Service Providers Handover Decision Agreement. The methodology adopted for the model development was the RM-ODP - Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing, as it includes all technical and commercial aspects necessary for its construction.

O segmento das comunicações, já há alguns anos, vem passando por significativas transformações exigindo a interação entre ambientes tecnológicos convergentes heterogêneos, com qualidade na continuidade de serviços, para se manter competitivo, pois é este mercado que exige, constantemente, que mais recursos tecnológicos lhe sejam colocados à disposição. O ineditismo da proposta desenvolvida neste trabalho é a elaboração de um modelo para assegurar a continuidade da qualidade de serviço percebida pelo usuário final através de handover (ou handoff) vertical, o que caracteriza-se como uma necessidade de solução global, isto é, o modelo é genérico e independente da tecnologia, o que permite sua adoção em qualquer ambiente de rede existente aproveitando a capilaridade já disponível das redes legadas. É analisada também a situação na qual um usuário final esteja acessando simultaneamente serviços gerenciados por Provedores de Serviço distintos, o que conduz a duas situações possíveis: a) o usuário está acessando serviços distintos contratados a Provedores de Serviço diferentes; b) o usuário está acessando o mesmo serviço contratado a Provedores de Serviço distintos. Nesta última situação pode surgir a necessidade de disparar um processo de handover exigindo a decisão de qual dos Provedores o executará, de acordo com o SPHDA Service Providers Handover Decision Agreement. A metodologia adotada para o desenvolvido do modelo foi a RM-ODP - Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing, por abranger todos os aspectos técnicos e comerciais necessários à sua construção. / The sector of communications, for some years, has undergone significant changes requiring interaction between converging heterogeneous technology environments, with quality and continuity of services to stay competitive, because this market is that requires constantly more technological resources available. The novelty of the proposal developed in this work is the development of a model to ensure the continued quality of service perceived by end users via vertical handover (or handoff), which characterizes itself as a need for a global solution, i.e., the model is generic and technology independent, allowing its adoption in any network environment taking advantage of the capillary already available from legacy networks. It is also analyzed the situation in which an end user is simultaneously accessing services managed by different Service Providers, which leads to two possible situations: a) the user is accessing different services contracted to different Service Providers; b) the user is accessing the same service contracted to different Service Providers. In this last situation may be necessary to trigger a handover process requiring the decision of which the Providers shall execute it in accordance with the SPHDA - Service Providers Handover Decision Agreement. The methodology adopted for the model development was the RM-ODP - Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing, as it includes all technical and commercial aspects necessary for its construction.

Multimedia services are the killer applications on next generation convergent networks. Video contents are the most resource consuming part of a multimedia flux. Video transmission, video multicast and video conferencing services are the most popular types of video communication with increasing difficulty levels. Four main parts of the distributed cross-layer scalable multimedia services over next generation convergent networks are considered in this research work, both from the architecture and performance point of views. Firstly, we evaluate the performance of scalable multimedia transmissions over an overlay network. For that, we evaluate the performance of scalable video end-to-end transmissions over EvalSVC. It is capable of evaluating the end-to-end transmission of SVC bit-streams. The output results are both objective and subjective metrics of the video transmission. Through the interfaces with real networks and an overlay simulation platform, the transmission performance of different types of SVC scalability and AVC bit-streams on a bottle-neck and an overlay network will be evaluated. This evaluation is new because it is conducted on the end-to-end transmission of SVC contents and not on the coding performance. Next, we will study the multicast mechanism for multimedia content over an overlay network in the following part of this PhD thesis. Secondly, we tackle the problems of the distributed cross-layer scalable multimedia multicast over the next generation convergent networks. For that, we propose a new application-network cross layer multi-variable cost function for application layer multicast of multimedia delivery over convergent networks. It optimizes the variable requirements and available resources from both the application and the network layers. It can dynamically update the available resources required for reaching a particular node on the ALM's media distribution tree. Mathematical derivation and theoretical analysis have been provided for the newly proposed cost function so that it can be applied in more general cases of different contexts. An evaluation platform of an overlay network built over a convergent underlay network comprised of a simulated Internet topology and a real 4G mobile WiMAX IEEE802.16e wireless network is constructed. If multicast is the one-to-many mechanism to distribute the multimedia content, a deeper study on the many-to-many mechanism will be done in the next part of the thesis through a new architecture for video conferencing services. Thirdly, we study the distributed cross-layer scalable video conferencing services over the overlay network. For that, an enriched human perception-based distributed architecture for scalable video conferencing services is proposed with theoretical models and performance analysis. Rich theoretical models of the three different architectures: the proposed perception-based distributed architecture, the conventional centralized architecture and perception-based centralized architecture have been constructed by using queuing theory to reflect the traffic generated, transmitted and processed at the perception-based distributed leaders, the perception-based centralized top leader, and the centralized server. The performance of these three different architectures has been considered in 4 different aspects. While the distributed architecture is better than the centralized architecture for a scalable multimedia conferencing service, it brings many problems to users who are using a wireless network to participate into the conferencing service. A special solution should be found out for mobile users in the next part of the thesis. Lastly, the distributed cross-layer scalable video conferencing services over the next generation convergent network is enabled. For that, an IMS-based distributed multimedia conferencing services for Next Generation Convergent Networks is proposed. [...]

Multi-parti de conférence multimédia est le type le plus compliqué de la communication mais aussi le service principalement utilisé sur Internet. Il est aussi la killer application sur les réseaux 4G. Dans cette recherche, nous nous concentrons sur trois parties principales du service de téléconférence: L'architecture de distribution de médias, le codage vidéo, ainsi que l'intégration du service dans les infrastructures sans fil 4G. Nous proposons un algorithme d'application nouvelle couche de multidiffusion utilisant une architecture de services distribués. L'algorithme proposé estime que les limites de la perception humaine, tout en participant à une conférence vidéo afin de minimiser le trafic qui n'est pas nécessaire pour la session de communication. Riche des modèles théoriques de la perception basée proposé architecture distribuée, l'architecture traditionnelle centralisée et basée sur la perception architecture centralisée ont été construits en utilisant la théorie d'attente afin de refléter le trafic généré, transmises et traitées à l'pairs distribués, les dirigeants et le serveur centralisé. La performance des architectures a été pris en compte dans les différents aspects de la durée totale d'attente, le retard de point à point et le taux de service requis pour le débit total. Ces résultats aident le lecteur à avoir une vue globale des performances de la proposition dans une comparaison équitable avec les méthodes conventionnelles. Pour construire l'arbre de distribution des médias pour l'architecture distribuée, une fonction de coût nouvelle application-aware multi-variable est proposée. Il tient compte des besoins variables des applications et des mises à jour dynamiquement les ressources disponibles nécessaires pour parvenir à un nœud particulier sur l'arbre de distribution de l'ALM. Codage vidéo scalable est utilisé comme le principal multi-couche codec à la conférence. Afin d'évaluer la performance de la fonction de coût multi-variable nouvellement proposées dans une application dynamique et avancé environnement réseau sans fil, codage vidéo scalable (SVC) des transmissions sur un réseau overlay ALM construite sur un réseau sous-4G/WiMAX réelles ont été utilisées. Nous avons développé EvalSVC et l'utiliser comme plate-forme principale pour évaluer la fonction de coût proposé. Comme un problème commun, l'architecture distribuée nécessite que les pairs contribuent une partie de leur bande passante et capacité de calcul afin de maintenir la superposition mutuelle inter-connexion. Cette exigence se développe en un grave problème pour les utilisateurs mobiles et l'infrastructure sans fil, comme la ressource radio de ce réseau est extrêmement coûteux, et est l'une des raisons pour lesquelles l'architecture distribuée n'a pas été largement appliquée dans la prochaine génération (4G) des réseaux. C'est aussi la raison principale pour laquelle les services multimédias tels que vidéo-conférence doivent s'appuyer sur une architecture centralisée coûteuse construite sur un des contrôleurs des médias coûteux fonction des ressources (CRFM), via l'IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem). Ce travail de recherche propose une nouvelle architecture distribuée utilisant la capacité de renseignement et extra, actuellement disponibles sur le LTE et stations de base WiMAX de réduire le besoin des débits que chacun a à fournir par les pairs afin de maintenir le réseau overlay. Cette réduction permet d'économiser des ressources précieuses et de radio permet une architecture distribuée pour fournir des services de visioconférence sur les réseaux 4G, avec tous les avantages d'une architecture distribuée, comme la flexibilité, l'évolutivité, les petits retards et à moindre coût. De plus, cela peut être mis en œuvre avec une modification minimale de la plate-forme standardisée IMS et les infrastructures 4G, économisant ainsi les opérateurs et les fournisseurs de services d'investissements excessifs. [...] / Multimedia services are the killer applications on next generation convergent networks. Video contents are the most resource consuming part of a multimedia flux. Video transmission, video multicast and video conferencing services are the most popular types of video communication with increasing difficulty levels. Four main parts of the distributed cross-layer scalable multimedia services over next generation convergent networks are considered in this research work, both from the architecture and performance point of views. Firstly, we evaluate the performance of scalable multimedia transmissions over an overlay network. For that, we evaluate the performance of scalable video end-to-end transmissions over EvalSVC. It is capable of evaluating the end-to-end transmission of SVC bit-streams. The output results are both objective and subjective metrics of the video transmission. Through the interfaces with real networks and an overlay simulation platform, the transmission performance of different types of SVC scalability and AVC bit-streams on a bottle-neck and an overlay network will be evaluated. This evaluation is new because it is conducted on the end-to-end transmission of SVC contents and not on the coding performance. Next, we will study the multicast mechanism for multimedia content over an overlay network in the following part of this PhD thesis. Secondly, we tackle the problems of the distributed cross-layer scalable multimedia multicast over the next generation convergent networks. For that, we propose a new application-network cross layer multi-variable cost function for application layer multicast of multimedia delivery over convergent networks. It optimizes the variable requirements and available resources from both the application and the network layers. It can dynamically update the available resources required for reaching a particular node on the ALM's media distribution tree. Mathematical derivation and theoretical analysis have been provided for the newly proposed cost function so that it can be applied in more general cases of different contexts. An evaluation platform of an overlay network built over a convergent underlay network comprised of a simulated Internet topology and a real 4G mobile WiMAX IEEE802.16e wireless network is constructed. If multicast is the one-to-many mechanism to distribute the multimedia content, a deeper study on the many-to-many mechanism will be done in the next part of the thesis through a new architecture for video conferencing services. Thirdly, we study the distributed cross-layer scalable video conferencing services over the overlay network. For that, an enriched human perception-based distributed architecture for scalable video conferencing services is proposed with theoretical models and performance analysis. Rich theoretical models of the three different architectures: the proposed perception-based distributed architecture, the conventional centralized architecture and perception-based centralized architecture have been constructed by using queuing theory to reflect the traffic generated, transmitted and processed at the perception-based distributed leaders, the perception-based centralized top leader, and the centralized server. The performance of these three different architectures has been considered in 4 different aspects. While the distributed architecture is better than the centralized architecture for a scalable multimedia conferencing service, it brings many problems to users who are using a wireless network to participate into the conferencing service. A special solution should be found out for mobile users in the next part of the thesis. Lastly, the distributed cross-layer scalable video conferencing services over the next generation convergent network is enabled. For that, an IMS-based distributed multimedia conferencing services for Next Generation Convergent Networks is proposed. [...]