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Este trabalho avalia a relação entre a empresa e o fornecedor durante o processo de desenvolvimento de produto em três empresas do setor calçadista do Rio Grande do Sul. O seu principal objetivo é identificar as possíveis oportunidades de integração, assim como as possibilidades de melhoria. Os resultados indicam uma real viabilidade da cooperação com o fornecedor como uma alternativa para a empresa melhorar o desempenho do seu PDP. Verifica-se uma relação mais intensa com o fornecedor quando a empresa possui um direcionamento ao desenvolvimento tecnológico e ao aprimoramento da performance do produto, como no caso da empresa de calçado infantil. A relação é mais incipiente quando o PDP está focado ao acompanhamento das tendências de moda, como nos casos das empresas de calçado feminino. O estudo identifica oportunidades de cooperação com os fornecedores durante o processo de desenvolvimento e no produto, assim como alternativas de projetos para incrementar a sua relação com seus fornecedores. / This work evaluates the relation between buyer and supplier during the product development process (PDP) in three companies of the shoe sector in Rio Grande do Sul. The main objective is to identify a possible integration and improvement opportunities in this relationship. The results indicate a viability for the cooperation between both parties to improve the PDP. A more intense relation with the supplier is verified when the manufacturer focuses on technological development and product performance improvement, as it is the case of the company of children footwear. This relation tends to diminish when the PDP follows fashion trends, as it is the case of woman footwear. The study identifies chances of cooperation between buyers and suppliers during the PDP as well as alternative projects to further develop the studied companies’ relation with their suppliers.

Orientadora: Suzeley Kalil Mathias / Banca: Samuel Alves Soares / Banca: Carlos Eduardo Ferreira de Carvalho / Banca: Ariela Diniz Cordeiro Leske / Banca: Cláudio de Carvalho Silveira / O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais é instituído em parceria com a Unesp/Unicamp/PUC-SP, em projeto subsidiado pela CAPES, intitulado "Programa San Tiago Dantas" / Resumo: O objetivo desta tese é compreender os motivos que levaram a paralisação do programa para a produção do Avião de Treinamento Primário Básico Unasul I, que se desenvolveu sob a coordenação do Conselho de Defesa Sul-Americano (CDS), em um consórcio integrado por quatro países: Argentina, Brasil, Equador e Venezuela. A pesquisa enfatizou os processos históricos e econômicos que dificultam a possibilidade de ampliar a autonomia e a integração regional no campo da produção de armamentos, especialmente a dependência de fornecedores externos, infraestrutura tecnológica insuficiente e o baixo investimento em P&D. A análise dos documentos dos Comitês Consultivo e Técnico do programa do avião de treinamento, identificou uma correlação entre a paralisação do projeto e os dois principais objetivos do CDS para a produção colaborativa de armamentos: a integração regional e a busca por maior autonomia no desenho, desenvolvimento e produção de sistemas de armas. Até a sua paralisação, duas vertentes com interesses distintos buscaram espaço no programa Unasul I: a de integração autonomista, coerente com os princípios da iniciativa do CDS e constituída por países com baixa capacitação tecnológica e industrial no setor aeronáutico; e a assimétrica, representada por países com maior capacitação na indústria de defesa e no setor aeronáutico. Não obstante a distância tecnológica que separa os países sul-americanos dos principais fabricantes mundiais de armamentos, há ainda uma notável assimetria e... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The purpose of this thesis is to understand the reasons that led to the discontinuity of the primary flight training aircraft program, named Unasur I, developed under the coordination of the South American Defense Council (CDS) and four countries: Argentina, Brazil, Ecuador and Venezuela. It sought to establish a correlation between the discontinuity of the aircraft training program and the two main objectives of the collaborative weapons production project, namely regional integration and the quest for greater autonomy in the design, development and production of weapons systems. In a subsidiary way, it was sought to understand the interests involved in the program. It was verified that until the discontinuity, two areas with different interests sought space in the program, the autonomic integration, consistent with CDS initiative's principles, but formed by countries with low technological and industrial capacity in the aeronautical sector; and the asymmetric, represented by countries with greater capacity both in defense and aeronautical sectors. The discontinuity of the Unasul I program is related to its asymmetric and dysfunctional model. In addition, we will emphasize historical, economic, and regional geopolitical processes that impede broaden the regional autonomy and integration in the field of weapons production, such as reliance on external suppliers, low R&D investment and insufficient technological infrastructure. Despite the technological disparity between South... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Tullo Vigevani / Banca: Shiguenoli Miyamoto / Banca: Rafael Antonio Duarte Villa / Resumo: Este trabalho realiza uma análise do processo de cooperação entre os países da região amazônica a partir de três âmbitos: o teórico-contextual, o político e o institucional. Dadas as características naturais da Amazônia, de dimensão transnacional, estudaremos a cooperação de forma associada à temática ecológica e sua influência na política mundial e regional. Primeiramente investigamos as motivações, objetivos e dificuldades dos atores internacionais que buscam a cooperação para se engajar na resolução de temas ambientais. A partir deste embasamento teórico abordamos o contexto de ascensão da temática ambiental nas relações internacionais e, principalmente, como os países amazônicos se posicionaram neste cenário, onde se destacam as conferências ambientais da ONU e os fóruns internacionais sobre florestas. Após tratar deste panorama internacional, entramos na análise específica da dinâmica política regional amazônica, com enfoque nas negociações diplomáticas que deram início ao processo de cooperação, em 1978, e nos desdobramentos posteriores. A partir de 2002 tem início uma nova fase do processo de cooperação, com a criação da Organização do Tratado de Cooperação Amazônica (OTCA). Deste momento em diante, realizamos uma avaliação político-institucional desta organização, na qual averiguamos os níveis de engajamento dos Estados e a eficiência institucional na promoção da cooperação em vista dos objetivos regionais comuns / Abstract: Este estudio realiza una análisis de la cooperación multilateral entre los países de la región amazónica a partir de tres niveles: lo teórico-contextual, lo político y lo institucional. Primeramente, estudiamos la motivaciones, objetivos y dificultades de los atores internacionales que buscan la cooperación para se dedicar a la resolución de temas ambientales. A partir de esto embasamiento teórico abordamos el contexto de ascensión de la temática ambiental en las relaciones internacionales y, principalmente, como los países amazónicos se posicionaron en este escenario, donde se destacan las conferencias ambientales de la ONU y los foros internacionales sobre bosques. Adelante analizamos específicamente la dinámica política regional amazónica, con enfoque a partir de 2002, cuando tiene inicio una nueva fase de lo proceso de cooperación, con la creación de la Organización del Tratado de Cooperación Amazónica (OTCA). Realizamos una evaluación político-institucional de esta organización, donde averiguamos los niveles de encajamiento de los Estados y la eficiencia institucional en la promoción de la cooperación en vista de los objetivos regionales comunes / This work makes an analysis of the multilateral cooperation between the countries of the Amazon region with focuses on three degrees: the theoretic and contextual; the politic; and the institutional. First we have studied the motivations, the goals and the difficulties of the international actors that resolve to engage on the resolution of environmental themes. After develop this theoretic perspective, we review the context of emergence of the environmental debates on the international relations. We focus on how the amazonic countries take positions on this scenario, in which the most important events are the ONU environmental conferences and the international forest forums. Finished this international overview, we start the specific analysis of the Amazonian regional political dynamic, with aim on the diplomatic negotiations after 2002, when it has been created the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO). Finally we make an politic-institutional analysis of this organization, evaluating this efficiency on promoting the cooperation between its members to achieve the regional common interests / Mestre

With water scarcity becoming a more critical problem for the world, water disputes and their remediation are increasingly vital for nations today. In regions like the Middle East especially, one would not expect to see cooperation regarding resources looking at the state of affairs going on now. By discussing the Johnston Plan, a mediation process by an envoy of the U.S. between Israel and the Arab League, however, this paper describes how cooperation was achieved between states in the Jordan River basin regarding water usage. An in-depth analysis of cooperation and mediation aid in outlining how Johnston and the U.S. achieved a successful agreement for the region’s water development. Mediation, or third party intervention, is an elusive concept in literature, as it depends on the dimensions related to the conflict’s context, actors and mediator. Looking at the Johnston Plan, however, one discovers that Johnston achieved his de facto success due to the many components related to water disputes, the involved nations and the status of the United States.

Este trabalho avalia a relação entre a empresa e o fornecedor durante o processo de desenvolvimento de produto em três empresas do setor calçadista do Rio Grande do Sul. O seu principal objetivo é identificar as possíveis oportunidades de integração, assim como as possibilidades de melhoria. Os resultados indicam uma real viabilidade da cooperação com o fornecedor como uma alternativa para a empresa melhorar o desempenho do seu PDP. Verifica-se uma relação mais intensa com o fornecedor quando a empresa possui um direcionamento ao desenvolvimento tecnológico e ao aprimoramento da performance do produto, como no caso da empresa de calçado infantil. A relação é mais incipiente quando o PDP está focado ao acompanhamento das tendências de moda, como nos casos das empresas de calçado feminino. O estudo identifica oportunidades de cooperação com os fornecedores durante o processo de desenvolvimento e no produto, assim como alternativas de projetos para incrementar a sua relação com seus fornecedores. / This work evaluates the relation between buyer and supplier during the product development process (PDP) in three companies of the shoe sector in Rio Grande do Sul. The main objective is to identify a possible integration and improvement opportunities in this relationship. The results indicate a viability for the cooperation between both parties to improve the PDP. A more intense relation with the supplier is verified when the manufacturer focuses on technological development and product performance improvement, as it is the case of the company of children footwear. This relation tends to diminish when the PDP follows fashion trends, as it is the case of woman footwear. The study identifies chances of cooperation between buyers and suppliers during the PDP as well as alternative projects to further develop the studied companies’ relation with their suppliers.

Cooperativismo é uma doutrina socioeconômica, que significa união de forças para uma necessidade, buscando um benefício comum. É um movimento capaz de unir desenvolvimento econômico e bem-estar social, tendo como referenciais fundamentais a participação democrática, a solidariedade, a independência e a autonomia. Assim, a participação dos associados na cooperativa é fundamental para o bom andamento nas decisões, para que ocorram de forma conjunta. A modernização da cooperação assume formas empresariais distintas, o que torna necessário que as cooperativas busquem alternativas e estratégias de gestão para a sociedade cooperativa como um todo, sendo uma dela a incorporação. Essa estratégia busca a automação das atividades, aliando-se a tecnologias que lhes permitam agilidade, dinamismo, garantia nas decisões estratégicas e competitividade. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desse trabalho é analisar o processo da incorporação das cinco cooperativas que formaram a Cooperativa Agroindustrial Nova Aliança LTDA., sob o ponto de vista do associado. Para tanto, realizouse uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem quantitativa (survey) que permitiu verificar e apresentar um diagnóstico da real visão dos associados em relação à Cooperativa Agroindustrial Nova Aliança Ltda., por meio de 248 questionário válidos. Os dados foram analisados utilizando-se o programa SPSS™ (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). Realizando, assim, os testes de estatística descritiva, análise de regressão, análise fatorial e análise cruzada dos dados. Os resultados mostram as percepções gerais dos associados em relação à aspectos sobre gestão, atendimento, infraestrutura e assistência técnica. Através da análise descritiva dos dados, verificou-se que a questão relacionada ao atendimento que o associado tem na cooperativa obteve a melhor média, 4,67, em relação a todos os entrevistados e independente a cooperativa de origem. Ao avaliar a análise de regressão pode-se observar que a variável dependente refere-se a satisfação do associado com a cooperativa, assim, afirmando que todas as demais variáveis independentes estão diretamente ligadas a satisfação. A análise cruzada dos dados possibilitou entender como os procedimentos e aspectos da gestão afetam diferentemente cada uma das cooperativas analisadas. De modo geral, os resultados mostram que há um percentual maior em relação a concordância para todas as Cooperativas analisadas. Os associados da Cooperativa São Victor conforme a análise cruzada, são os mais favoráveis, em relação a todas as questões abordadas. Para as Cooperativa, Aliança, Linha Jacinto, Santo Antônio e São Pedro, os associados posicionaram-se diferentemente para cada questão. Afirmando que há visões, opiniões e interesses diferentes sobre o processo de incorporação, independente a cooperativa de origem. / Cooperativism is a socioeconomic doctrine, which means union of forces for a need, seeking a common benefit. It is a movement capable of uniting economic development and social welfare, with democratic participation, solidarity, independence and autonomy. Thus, the participation of the members in the cooperative is fundamental for the good progress in the decisions, so that they occur jointly. The modernization of cooperation takes different forms of business, which makes it necessary for cooperatives to seek alternatives and management strategies for the cooperative society as a whole, one of them being the incorporation. This strategy seeks the automation of activities, combining technologies that allow them agility, dynamism, guarantee in strategic decisions and competitiveness. In this sense, the objective of this work is to analyze the incorporation process of the five cooperatives that formed Cooperativa Agroindustrial Nova Aliança LTDA., under the associate's point of view. For that, For that, a descriptive research with quantitative approach (survey) that allowed to verify and present a diagnosis of the real vision of the associates in relation to the Cooperativa Agroindustrial Nova Aliança Ltda., by means of a valid 248 questionnaire. The data were analyzed using the SPSS ™ program (Statistical Package for Social Sciences). Thus, the tests of descriptive statistics, factorial analysis, regression analysis and cross-analysis of the data. The results show the general perceptions of the associates regarding the aspects on management, service, infrastructure and technical assistance. Through the descriptive analysis of the data, it was verified that the question related to the attendance that the associate has in the cooperative obtained the best average, 4.67, in relation to all interviewed and independent the cooperative of origin. When evaluating the regression analysis it can be observed that the dependent variable refers to the satisfaction of the associated with the cooperative, thus, stating that all other independent variables are directly linked to satisfaction. The cross-analysis of the data made it possible to understand how the procedures and management aspects affect each of the cooperatives analyzed differently. In general, the results show that there is a higher percentage in relation to the agreement for all Cooperatives analyzed. The associates of the Cooperativa São Victor according to the cross-analysis, are the most favorable, in relation to all the issues addressed. For the Cooperative, Aliança, Linha Jacinto, Santo Antônio and São Pedro, the associates positioned themselves differently for each question. Affirming that there are different views, opinions and interests on the incorporation process, regardless of the origin cooperative.

Esta pesquisa verificou o que faz com que as empresas intensivas em tecnologia decidam a favor da cooperação formal com universidades brasileiras para desenvolvimento tecnológico de seus produtos e/ou processos. O construto "características da decisão" foi desdobrado em características do decisor e características da decisão. No primeiro item foi analisado o perfil dos executivos que decidem sobre a realização de desenvolvimento tecnológico e a atitude que os mesmos demonstram com respeito à cooperação empresa - universidade. O segundo, foi operacionalizado por meio da análise dos aspectos relacionados à estrutura de decisão da empresa, à disponibilidade de informações e à existência ou não de incertezas e conflitos neste processo. A metodologia utilizada foi um levantamento, com amostragem intencional, realizado junto a 562 empresas intensivas em tecnologia, das quais 128 responderam ao instrumento de pesquisa. As técnicas de análise utilizadas foram testes qui-quadrado, teste t de diferença de médias, fatorial, clusters, discriminante e correspondência. / This dissertation analyses how technology intensive companies decide to cooperate with Brazilian universities in the development of their products and/or processes. The decision model was unfolded in decision-maker characteristics and decision characteristics. For the first issue, the decision-maker profile was analyzed, along with his/her attitudes with regard to company-university cooperation. For the latter one, the structure of the company’s decision-making, the availability of information on government funding and university research lines, and the existence of uncertainties and conflicts were studied. The methodology comprised a survey with intentional sampling in 562 technology intensive companies, which provided 128 valid answers. They were submitted to chi-square, t test averages differences, factorial, clusters, discriminant and correspondence analysis.

M.Sc. / Internationally, the use of Environmental Management Cooperation Agreements (EMCAs) as a policy tool to improve environmental performance has been encouraged since the 1960’s. Through the law reform process that has been underway in South Africa for the past ten years, the National Environmental Management Act (Act No.107 of 1998) has made provision for the signing of EMCAs between the South African Government and industry. Although widely utilised internationally, this approach has been criticized by NGOs internationally as communities have little interaction with the process at stages when the agreements could still be influenced. In South Africa, NGOs are also critical of the approach as they feel that this approach could distract policy makers from preparing a sound environmental management framework that can be enforced and is legally binding on polluters in the country. This study reviews the international experience of this policy approach and argues that certain specific criteria need to be in place in order to negotiate effective agreements. These criteria include: sound environmental policy and management framework; set emission reduction targets; the ability to successfully monitor progress against a predetermined baseline; compliance of industry to existing legal requirements; strong sanction for noncompliance to the agreement; and a sound and achievable agreement. Having identified the requirements for the implementation of successful EMCAs, the policy and legal setting in South Africa is explored, as well as the current environmental performance of industry in the country to determine if the criteria for the introduction of EMCAs exist. The study makes the following findings: the legal framework for environmental management is presently being strengthened; progress on developing norms and standards is being made, however, presently norms and standards are lacking; reduction targets are lacking or represent only long-term targets; based on historical enforcement discretion, there is generally poor environmental performance in South African industry; the monitoring and reporting structures are presently absent which hinders monitoring of success of interventions; and there is generally a lack of community trust in industry. The proposed Chemical and Allied Industry Association (CAIA) EMCA which was to be the blue print for EMCAs in the country is also reviewed to determine if this proposed agreement would provide the basis for sound negotiation and tangible environmentalimprovements. The review indicates that there are several shortcomings in the proposed agreement that would need to be improved should the objectives of improved environmental performance be achieved. In general, the findings of the study indicate that, should the necessary criteria be in place, EMCAs can contribute to achieving performance in excess of the required compliance, and EMCAs have been and are especially useful to achieve international reduction targets. However, the introduction of these agreements into South Africa at this crucial and delicate time in the development and implementation of environmental protection measures could distract and derail the current environmental focus and could be potentially damaging. As the environmental management framework matures in the country and the necessary criteria are realised, it is almost certain that the success that this policy approach has had internationally can be echoed in South Africa, and the country could benefit from the many advantages that the more voluntary approach to environmental management can provide. The current path of policy reform and systems development should however continue without distraction in the short term.

M.Cur. / The study on ‘Sustainability of midwifery practice within the South African healthcare system’ is stimulated by the lack of research that influences policy to support midwifery practice in South Africa. The poor database and health information systems for midwives result in the poor performance of maternal healthcare in the public sector (Parkhurst, Penn- Kekana, Blaauw, Balabanova, Danishevski, Rahman, Onama, & Ssengooba 2005) in spite of meeting the Safe Motherhood Initiative of the World Health Organisation’s criteria for skilled attendance and facilities (Penn-Kekana & Blaauw 2004). Generally, midwives remain the main provider of maternal healthcare, including South Africa, where only 3 in 10 women in the public sector see a medical doctor once in pregnancy (South African Demographic Health Survey 1998). The norms and standards recommended by the Saving Mothers Reports 1998 – 2006 for staffing and resources to improve outcomes of maternal deaths have not realised. The public sector needs help from the private sector for improved care. The Nursing Strategy for South Africa 2008 endorses Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) to support nursing and midwifery. There is no Public- Private Partnership in South Africa to support or sustain midwifery practice. The purpose of the study is to develop a model for a Public-Private Partnership for midwifery practice sustainability in the South African healthcare system. This study follows adapted explorative, descriptive, model generating research guidelines of Chinn and Jacobs (1983 & 1987), Chinn and Kramer (1991 to 2008) and Walker and Avant (1995). Analysis of the South African maternal healthcare context uses the open-system theory for sustainability of Olsen and a team of researchers (1998) and several frameworks for healthcare human resources. The main concepts of the model are identified and analysed. The main concepts are Public-Private Partnership, midwifery practice, sustainability and the related concepts are governance, task environment and quality service. The model for a Public-Private Partnership is synthesised through the relation of concepts. The 45 statements of the context empirically ground the study. The model depicts the South African healthcare context and all the factors that impact on midwifery and its context. The model and its functions are explained within a constituted framework. The Global standards for practice of the International Council for Nursing and Midwifery, the definition and core competencies of midwives of the Confederation of Midwives, the Millennium Development Goals for Sub-Sahara Africa 2020 and the newly formed World Health Organisation Partnership for Africa for maternal, newborn and child care 2008 are factors of the global (macro) context that influence the model. The South African healthcare system (meso context) factors include economics, legal-ethical, professional, service delivery and civil society dimensions that impact on policy for service delivery on micro level, where the PPP formally exists. The PPP for maternal healthcare is developed within this framework. The stakeholders of the formal PPP are the public sector, the private sector, the midwifery profession and civil society. The PPP governs the task environment for midwifery through the risk assessment strategies that include financial risk based on clinical risk and the development of norms and standards for staff and resources as expressed in service level agreements for quality service delivery. Governance implies policy standards and the accountability of the PPP to the consumer for service delivery quality and performance. The stakeholders of the PPP ensure sustainability in this model through collaboration and shared responsibility, risk and decision-making between the institution, midwifery profession and practice and civil society for a balance of interest.