Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Este trabalho analisa o Programa Bolsa Família (PBF), tratando de sua evolução ao longo do governo Lula, tanto no que diz respeito ao seu escopo quanto a seu desenho institucional e as alterações que foi sofrendo em seus objetivos. Tendo em vista a natureza federativa do Estado brasileiro, o objetivo do trabalho é mostrar os desafios enfrentados pelo poder central para garantir a implementação homogênea de um programa nacional de transferência condicionada de renda a ser gerido pelos municípios. Para tanto, são analisados, de um lado, os recursos institucionais e as estratégias de que dispunha o governo federal para alcançar os seus objetivos para o PBF, e de outro, os resultados e a dinâmica da gestão municipal do programa em dois grandes centros urbanos, São Paulo e Salvador. São analisadas informações relativas ao desempenho nacional do programa e também referentes à implementação municipal do PBF nos casos escolhidos, por meio de dados de surveys realizados com a população de baixa renda e de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com gestores municipais do programa nessas duas cidades. A tese identifica os mecanismos que asseguram o crescente poder de coordenação do governo federal no sentido de fazer com que suas principais diretrizes para o programa sejam de fato implementadas no plano municipal. Mostra também que o processo de implementação do PBF é afetado não só por seu desenho institucional, definido no plano federal, mas também pelas diferentes capacidades institucionais disponíveis no plano local recursos humanos, capacidade de gestão e articulação entre diversos serviços e políticas, infra-estrutura disponível, entre outros aspectos e pelos diferentes interesses políticos na maior ou menor coordenação dos programas locais de transferência com o programa nacional. Finalmente, o trabalho examina ainda os limites e possibilidades para a articulação do PBF com uma política mais ampla de assistência social. / This thesis analyzes the Bolsa Família Program (PBF), dealing with its evolution over the Lula government, both in terms of its scope and its institutional design and also considering the changes in its main goals. Given the federal nature of the Brazilian state, the main goal is to show the challenges the central government face to ensure the proper implementation of a national program of conditional cash transfer to be managed by the municipalities. For this purpose, are reviewed, on the one hand, the strategies and institutional resources available to the federal government to achieve its goals for the PBF, and on the other hand, the results and the dynamics of the municipal implementation of the program in two major urban centers, São Paulo and Salvador. The study is based on information on the performance of the national program and also considers the municipal implementation of the PBF in the selected cases, using data from surveys carried out with low income people and also semi-structured interviews with municipal managers of the program in these two cities. The thesis identifies the main mechanisms developed to ensure the growing power of the federal government in order to make its main guidelines for the program are actually implemented at the municipal level. It also shows that the implementation of the PBF is affected not only by its institutional design, set at the federal level, but also by the different institutional capabilities available at the local level human resources, management capacity and coordination among various services and policies, infrastructure, among others and by the various local political interests in greater or lesser coordination with the national program. Finally, the thesis also examines the limits and possibilities for the articulation of the PBF with a broader social assistance policy.

Submitted by Rodrigo Lofrano (rodrigolofrano@gmail.com) on 2013-10-24T16:52:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Rodrigo Lofrano - versão final.pdf: 2831817 bytes, checksum: 465260dd067a6cec1d1984305c96cac0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ÁUREA CORRÊA DA FONSECA CORRÊA DA FONSECA (aurea.fonseca@fgv.br) on 2013-10-31T17:25:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Rodrigo Lofrano - versão final.pdf: 2831817 bytes, checksum: 465260dd067a6cec1d1984305c96cac0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2013-11-04T10:56:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Rodrigo Lofrano - versão final.pdf: 2831817 bytes, checksum: 465260dd067a6cec1d1984305c96cac0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-04T10:56:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Rodrigo Lofrano - versão final.pdf: 2831817 bytes, checksum: 465260dd067a6cec1d1984305c96cac0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-26 / This study presents the theoretical development and the application of a model aimed at analysing public policy governance arrangements tha t occur when multiple organizations are involved to tackle complex issues. The following re search question was posed: how does the set of coordination instruments employed in the gov ernance of a cross-cutting policy operate? An exploratory case study about the Bolsa Família Program was conducted, specifically on its dimension related to the coordination between healt h, education and social assistance sectors. Research methods consisted of content analysis of d ocuments and transcripts of semi- structured interviews with key actors of the Progra m in the three policy sectors. Results demonstrate how different governance modes coexist in the multi-level arrangement studied, revealing several coordination elements which opera te concomitantly resulting in a mixed mode of governance. Thus, contributions are made to the improvement of the Program and to the theoretical, methodological and applied develop ment of the governance and coordination concepts, resting demonstrated that it is possible to integrate them in the analysis of cross- cutting public policies. / Este estudo apresenta o desenvolvimento teórico e a aplicação de um modelo voltado à análise de arranjos de governança de políticas públicas que ocorrem quando múltiplas organizações estão envolvidas em lidar com questões complexas. A seguinte pergunta de pesquisa foi proposta: Como opera o conjunto de instrumentos de coordenação empregados na governança de uma política pública transversal? Um estudo de caso exploratório sobre o Programa Bolsa Família foi realizado, especificamente na sua dimensão relacionada à coordenação entre os setores de assistência social, educação e saúde. Os métodos de pesquisa consistiram em análise de conteúdo de documentos e transcrições de entrevistas semiestruturadas com atores-chave do Programa nos três setores de políticas. Os resultados demonstram como diferentes modos de governança coexistem no arranjo multinível estudado, revelando diversos elementos de coordenação cuja operação concomitante resulta em um modo de governança misto. Contribui-se, assim, para o aperfeiçoamento do Programa e para o desenvolvimento teórico, metodológico e aplicado dos conceitos de governança e de coordenação, ficando demonstrado ser possível integrá-los na análise de políticas públicas transversais.

Städte sind aufgrund der zunehmend negativen Auswirkungen des Verkehrs auf die Umwelt an vorderster Front der nachhaltigen Entwicklung und der nachhaltigen Mobilität. In den Städten Subsahara-Afrikas scheinen jedoch die Akteure und Hauptvertreter nachhaltiger Mobilität den Herausforderungen bei der Erreichung nachhaltiger Mobilitätsziele im öffentlichen Verkehr nicht gewachsen zu sein. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht diese vergleichende Studie die institutionellen Antworten auf das Erfordernis nachhaltiger Mobilitätslösungen im öffentlichen Verkehr in der Stadtregion Accra (Ghana) und der Stadt Dar es Salaam (Tansania) im Hinblick auf die vorhandenen Kapazitäten der Institutionen, Koordinations sowie Kommunikationsmechanismen. Die Studie folgt einem qualitativen Forschungsdesign und wendet Methoden an, die mit den wesentlichen Grundannahmen qualitativer sozialwissenschaftlicher Forschung übereinstimmen. Die Ergebnisse der Studie zeigen, dass nachhaltiger ÖPNV in beiden Städten als die Nutzung von Fahrzeugen mit höherer Auslastung, klar definierten lokalen Zielen für nachhaltigen ÖPNV und ganzheitlichen Regulierungssystemen wahrgenommen wird. Die vergleichende Analyse der beiden Städte in Bezug auf das Schlüsselthema Governance zeigt, dass im Fall der Stadt Accra das Fehlen eines Stadtrats mit einem entsprechenden Stadtoberhaupt oder einem Champion wie im Fall der Stadt Dar es Salaam ein wichtiger limitierender Faktor ist, der Entwicklungsprogramme, -pläne und -projekte verzögert. Die unzureichende Koordinierung zwischen den Institutionen wiederum führt im Fall von Dar es Salaam trotz des Vorhandenseins eines Stadtrats zu doppelten Strukturen und zur Zersplitterung der knappen Ressourcen. Folglich werden kurzfristige, mittelfristige und langfristige Strategien für Entwicklungsmaßnahmen in der Stadtregion Accra und der Stadt Dar es Salaam vorgeschlagen. / Cities are at the forefront of sustainable development and sustainable mobility due to the rising negative impacts of transportation to the environment. Actors and key stakeholders for sustainable mobility in cities in Sub-Sahara Africa however seem not ready for the associated challenges towards the attainment of sustainable mobility for public transport. It is against this background that this study comparatively investigates the institutional responses to sustainable mobility for public transport in Accra city-region (Ghana) and Dar es Salaam city (Tanzania) in the light of existing capacity of the institutions, coordination and communication mechanisms. This study adopts the qualitative research design and methodological choices that are in conformity with the ideologies of this design in Social Science Research. Findings from the study reveal that both cities perceive sustainable public transport as use of higher occupancy vehicles, clearly defined local goals on sustainable public transport and holistic regulation regime. The comparative overview analysis of the two cities in line with the key issue of governance indicates that in the case of Accra city region, the absence of a city council with a respective city head or champion as in the case of Dar es Salaam city is a major limiting factor retarding development programmes, plans, and projects. Inadequate coordination among institutions, on the other hand, results in duplication of efforts and dispersal of scarce resources in the case of Dar es Salaam despite the presence of a city council. Consequently, short term policies, medium term policies, and long-term policies are proposed for development interventions in Accra city-region and Dar es Salaam city.