Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, 2008

No description available.

Sustainability has consolidated as a global paradigm. Consequently, different sectors have adopted its principles to develop better practices for the environment and society. Within the transportation field, carsharing has emerged as a potential solution to reduce congestion and carbon emissions.  In Stockholm, one of the world’s leading cities on the sustainability agenda, carsharing has been growing steadily, with more companies participating in the market and more users adopting it. Likewise, the local administration conceives it as a tool that could contribute to sustainability. However, the private and the public sector assert that carsharing is far from its potential. The conditions established by the local government could be a factor that explains this situation.  Accordingly, this thesis aims to analyze Stockholm’s policy and administrative framework for carsharing, with a focus on its coordination and implementation. This was made by conducting interviews with public officers and carsharing companies and by analyzing Stockholm’s policy and administrative documents related to carsharing through the lens of policy integration and coordination. The illustrative example of charging stations and its implications for carsharing is used to analyze policy coherence, and to reveal the implementation divergences between the private carsharing sector and local public authorities.

Entidades humanitárias, organizações privadas e governos atuam constantemente no atendimento a vítimas de desastres que aumentam continuamente e atingem milhares de pessoas todos os anos. O objetivo da presente pesquisa é analisar os mecanismos de coordenação e as formas de colaboração na cadeia de suprimentos humanitária. Para tanto, foi realizado o levantamento e análise do referencial teórico para se permitir a caracterização dos cenários de desastres; a identificação e compreensão dos desafios de gerenciamento da cadeia de suprimentos humanitária; a identificação dos indicadores de desempenho inerentes à gestão desta cadeia específica; os mecanismos de colaboração existentes e utilizados; e a importância de simuladores organizacionais para análise da tomada de decisão e dos jogos de empresa para vivências. A partir da análise do referencial teórico, foi desenvolvido um esquema conceitual simplificado dos mecanismos de coordenação descentralizado e centralizado, incluindo a análise dos stakeholders envolvidos (agentes humanitários locais, agentes humanitários coordenadores, beneficiários e prestadores de serviço de armazenagem, transporte e aquisição), das decisões tomadas por cada um, das etapas logísticas e dos indicadores importantes para garantir o atendimento dos beneficiários. A partir do desenvolvimento do esquema conceitual simplificado dos mecanismos de coordenação, foi desenvolvido um modelo conceitual de simulador logístico humanitário, tendo como objetivo permitir a análise das operações logísticas em cenários de desastres e para servir como base para desenvolvimento futuro de um simulador matemático para análise da tomada de decisão. Por fim, foi desenvolvida uma proposta de jogo logístico humanitário para permitir a vivência da tomada de decisão em cenários de desastres. Para validação do esquema conceitual simplificado, do modelo conceitual de simulador e da proposta de jogo humanitário, estes foram aplicados a dois estudos de caso relacionados ao combate à fome na África (UNICEF Plumpy\'Nuts) e no Brasil (Bancos de Alimentos). / Humanitarian entities, private organizations and governments operate constantly to attempt victims of disasters, that increases continuously and affect thousands of people every year. The objective of this research is to analyze the coordination mechanisms and modes of cooperation in the humanitarian supply chain. For this purpose, a survey and an analysis of the theoretical framework were performed to characterize scenarios of disasters, an identification and understanding of the management challenges on a humanitarian supply chain, an identification of performance indicators related to the management of this particular chain, mechanisms available and organizational collaboration used, besides the importance of simulators and business games to analyze decision making and to experiences. With this analysis, a simplified conceptual draft of decentralized and centralized coordination mechanisms was developed, including an analyses of the stakeholders involved (local humanitarian agents, coordination of humanitarian agents, beneficiaries, along with providers of warehousing, transport and acquisition), the decisions for which each one, logistics steps and main performance indicators to guarantee the aid to beneficiaries. As from a simplified conceptual scheme of coordination mechanisms, a conceptual model of humanitarian logistics simulator was developed to analyze logistic operations in disaster scenarios and to use as a base to the future development of a mathematic simulator to decision-making analysis. Lastly, a proposal of a humanitarian logistics game was developed to allow experiences in disaster scenarios. For validating the simplified conceptual scheme, the conceptual model of a simulator and the proposal of a humanitarian logistic game, it was applied to two case studies regarding fighting hunger in Africa (UNICEF Plumpy\'Nuts) and in Brazil (Bancos de Alimentos).

Entidades humanitárias, organizações privadas e governos atuam constantemente no atendimento a vítimas de desastres que aumentam continuamente e atingem milhares de pessoas todos os anos. O objetivo da presente pesquisa é analisar os mecanismos de coordenação e as formas de colaboração na cadeia de suprimentos humanitária. Para tanto, foi realizado o levantamento e análise do referencial teórico para se permitir a caracterização dos cenários de desastres; a identificação e compreensão dos desafios de gerenciamento da cadeia de suprimentos humanitária; a identificação dos indicadores de desempenho inerentes à gestão desta cadeia específica; os mecanismos de colaboração existentes e utilizados; e a importância de simuladores organizacionais para análise da tomada de decisão e dos jogos de empresa para vivências. A partir da análise do referencial teórico, foi desenvolvido um esquema conceitual simplificado dos mecanismos de coordenação descentralizado e centralizado, incluindo a análise dos stakeholders envolvidos (agentes humanitários locais, agentes humanitários coordenadores, beneficiários e prestadores de serviço de armazenagem, transporte e aquisição), das decisões tomadas por cada um, das etapas logísticas e dos indicadores importantes para garantir o atendimento dos beneficiários. A partir do desenvolvimento do esquema conceitual simplificado dos mecanismos de coordenação, foi desenvolvido um modelo conceitual de simulador logístico humanitário, tendo como objetivo permitir a análise das operações logísticas em cenários de desastres e para servir como base para desenvolvimento futuro de um simulador matemático para análise da tomada de decisão. Por fim, foi desenvolvida uma proposta de jogo logístico humanitário para permitir a vivência da tomada de decisão em cenários de desastres. Para validação do esquema conceitual simplificado, do modelo conceitual de simulador e da proposta de jogo humanitário, estes foram aplicados a dois estudos de caso relacionados ao combate à fome na África (UNICEF Plumpy\'Nuts) e no Brasil (Bancos de Alimentos). / Humanitarian entities, private organizations and governments operate constantly to attempt victims of disasters, that increases continuously and affect thousands of people every year. The objective of this research is to analyze the coordination mechanisms and modes of cooperation in the humanitarian supply chain. For this purpose, a survey and an analysis of the theoretical framework were performed to characterize scenarios of disasters, an identification and understanding of the management challenges on a humanitarian supply chain, an identification of performance indicators related to the management of this particular chain, mechanisms available and organizational collaboration used, besides the importance of simulators and business games to analyze decision making and to experiences. With this analysis, a simplified conceptual draft of decentralized and centralized coordination mechanisms was developed, including an analyses of the stakeholders involved (local humanitarian agents, coordination of humanitarian agents, beneficiaries, along with providers of warehousing, transport and acquisition), the decisions for which each one, logistics steps and main performance indicators to guarantee the aid to beneficiaries. As from a simplified conceptual scheme of coordination mechanisms, a conceptual model of humanitarian logistics simulator was developed to analyze logistic operations in disaster scenarios and to use as a base to the future development of a mathematic simulator to decision-making analysis. Lastly, a proposal of a humanitarian logistics game was developed to allow experiences in disaster scenarios. For validating the simplified conceptual scheme, the conceptual model of a simulator and the proposal of a humanitarian logistic game, it was applied to two case studies regarding fighting hunger in Africa (UNICEF Plumpy\'Nuts) and in Brazil (Bancos de Alimentos).

Le développement des technologies de l’information et de la communication que connait notre siècle a grandement facilité les pratiques d’échanges d’informations au sein des chaînes logistiques. Ces pratiques ont pu ainsi évoluer vers de nouvelles formes de collaborations entre entreprises, telles que le Partage d’Informations (PI) et le Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI). Le VMI est un mécanisme de coordination dans lequel le fournisseur a la responsabilité de la gestion des stocks de son client. Ce mécanisme repose sur plusieurs principes parmi lesquels un partage d’informations très développé entre les parties qui s’y engagent. Le PI et le VMI sont adoptés par les entreprises pour permettre une augmentation des profits et une réduction des coûts. Toutefois, leurs résultats sont mitigés et nécessitent encore un approfondissement de leur compréhension. La contribution de cette thèse se situe dans l’analyse des impacts de ces mécanismes sur des chaînes logistiques où tous les maillons sont des entreprises de production dont les efficacités peuvent être différentes. Pour ce faire, plusieurs scénarios ont été étudiés sur des chaînes logistiques constituées de trois échelons, chaque échelon peut appartenir à quatre classes d’efficacité. Ces chaînes peuvent répondre à deux types de demande du marché final ; une demande stable ou une demande variable. De plus, plusieurs mécanismes de coordination sont étudiés : les mécanismes de gestion standard, de partage d’informations entre deux échelons, de partage d’informations entre trois échelons, de VMI entre deux échelons, puis de VMI étendu aux trois échelons. L’outil utilisé pour mener ces expérimentations est le logiciel de simulation à évènements discrets Arena. L’interprétation des résultats a montré que le mécanisme de coordination avec partage d’informations n’a pas eu d’amélioration très significative sur les résultats. En effet, puisque les entreprises ont des capacités de production finies, la disponibilité de l’information n’a pas permis d’obtenir des résultats différents. Le VMI, de son côté, a pu réaliser des réductions des stocks et des coûts de la chaîne logistique. Ces réductions ont été plus importantes chez les chaînes logistiques dont les maillons sont de faibles efficacités. Chez ces dernières, ce sont les deux parties concernées par le VMI (le fournisseur et le donneur d’ordres) qui ont tiré des avantages du VMI. Chez les chaînes logistiques constituées de maillons de haute efficacité, le VMI a permis une réduction des coûts moins importante, car ces chaînes logistiques sont déjà de performance élevée. Pour celles ci, c’est le client qui a tiré profit du VMI, alors que le fournisseur VMI a subi une augmentation des coûts suite à l’augmentation de la fréquence de transport qu’a impliqué ce mécanisme. / The advent of new information and communication technology has greatly facilitated the information exchange practices within supply chains. These practices recently evolved into new forms of collaborations between companies such as Information Sharing (IS) and Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI). The VMI is a coordination mechanism where the supplier is responsible for the inventory management of his customer. This mechanism is based on several principles, including developed information sharing between involved parties. The use of IS and VMI allow companies to increase profits and reduce costs. However, the results about the benefits from their use remain not clear. This motivates the need for new assessments and a better understanding of their effects. This thesis main contribution lies in the analysis and comprehension of IS and VMI’s impacts on supply chains. Especially, we address the issue of supply chains where tiers are production companies with different effectiveness levels. The examined scenario is based on a three tiers supply chain where each tier can belong to four effectiveness classes. The supply chain can respond to two types of end market demands: stable demands or fluctuant demands. In addition, several coordination mechanisms are studied: (i) standard management mechanism, (ii) information sharing between two enterprises, (iii) information sharing between three enterprises, (iv) VMI and (v) Extended VMI to all the three enterprises. The tool used to conduct these experiments is the discrete event simulation software “Arena”. The interpretation of the results showed that the IS coordination mechanism has not very significant improvement. Indeed, as companies have finite capacity, the availability of information did not yield better results. Whereas, the VMI could achieve reductions in both inventory and supply chain costs. In addition, VMI improved profits of the two parties, the vendor and the customer. Finally, the advantages of VMI appear to be stronger when the overall supply chain is less effective.

Le potentiel de création de valeur dans une supply chain ne peut être réalisé que grâce à une gestion efficace des relations inter-organisationnelles (Madhok et Tallman, 1998). Xu et Beammon (2006) insistent sur la nécessité de disposer d'un ensemble de moyens et d'outils pour gérer les interdépendances et prendre des décisions cohérentes tout en mettant en avant l'importance des mécanismes de coordination. Ainsi, l'objectif de cette thèse est de faire ressortir les différents éléments qui composent les coordinations inter-organisationnelles dans la supply chain. En outre, nous analysons comment les mécanismes de coordination relationnels et contractuels contribuent à la gestion des intérêts mutuels des relations inter-organisationnelles et permettent la résolution des conflits. Plus spécifiquement, la question de recherche auquel ce travail cherche à répondre est : Quelle est l'influence des mécanismes de coordination relationnels et contractuels sur la coordination inter-organisationnelle de la supply chain ? Afin de mieux comprendre ce phénomène, une étude qualitative a été menée auprès de quinze professionnels dans la supply chain management. Une analyse de contenu thématique a permis de définir de façon plus précise les différents éléments composant la coordination inter-organisationnelle. Les matériaux collectés ont été confrontés à l'analyse de la littérature puis testés auprès d'un échantillon de 216 répondants dans le domaine de la supply chain management. Les données quantitatives collectées ont été analysées à l'aide d'une analyse en composantes principales afin d'épurer nos échelles de mesure. Ensuite, nous avons fait appel aux modèles d'équations structurelles PLS-PM (régressions aux moindres carrées partiels) pour estimer la validité convergente ainsi que la validité discriminante des échelles de mesures. Cette méthode nous a permis de valider nos hypothèses de recherche relatives au modèle de coordination inter-organisationnelle de la supply chain. Les résultats de cette recherche mettent en évidence le lien entre les mécanismes de coordination relationnels et contractuels et leurs impacts sur la collaboration, leurs rôles dans la maitrise des difficultés de coordination ainsi que leurs poids sur l'évaluation de l'efficacité du contrat. Nous avons également étudié un impact du type de partenaire (stratégique, non stratégique) sur la coordination inter-organisationnelle de la supply chain. / In a supply chain, the value creation potential can only be achieved through effective management of inter-organizational relationships (Madhok and Tallman, 1998). Xu and Beammon (2006) underline the need for a set of resources and tools to manage interdependencies and take consistent decisions while emphasizing the importance of coordination mechanisms. Thus, the objective of this thesis is to figure out elements that make up the inter-organizational coordination in the supply chain. Moreover, we analyze inter-organizational coordination between supply chain partners and the role of contractual and relational mechanisms for managing their interests and resolve conflicts. More specifically, through this Dissertation we seek to answer the following question: What is the impact of coordination mechanisms and contractual relationship on inter-organizational coordination of the supply chain? To better understand this phenomenon, a qualitative study was conducted with fifteen professionals in supply chain management field. A thematic content analysis helped define more accurately the various components of inter-organizational coordination. The collected materials were confronted with the analysis of the literature and then tested on a sample of 216 respondents in the field of supply chain management. Quantitative data collected was analyzed using a principal component analysis in order to purify our scales. We then used the PLS -PM of structural equation models (Partial Least Squares Regression) to estimate the convergent and discriminant validity of the measurement scales validity. This method allowed us to validate our research hypotheses concerning the model of inter-organizational coordination of the supply chain. The results of this research highlight the link between the mechanisms of coordination and contractual relationship and their impact on collaboration, their roles in mastering the difficulties of coordination and their weight on the evaluation of the effectiveness of the contract. We also studied an impact on the type of partner (strategic, non-strategic) on inter-organizational coordination of the supply chain.

Inledning: Rekommendationerna om distansarbete under pandemin har haftstor påverkan på arbetsmiljön. Kommunikationskanalerna och de naturligamötesplatserna har förändrats, vilket i sin tur har påverkan påsamordningsmekanismerna inom målstyrningen. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att genom en kvalitativ fallstudie upptäcka hursamordningsmekanismer förändras av distansarbete och vilka konsekvenser detkan få för målkongruensen och måluppfyllelsen i ett företag. Metod: I denna rapport har en fallstudie med kvalitativa intervjuer genomförtspå ett företag med två fokusgrupper, som framtagits genom ett målstyrt urval.Detta med syftet att uppnå en fördjupad förståelse för respondenternasupplevelser. Slutsatser: Studien fastslår att styrningsmekanismerna påverkas till följd avdistansarbetet. De formella mekanismerna ökar, medan de informella minskar,vilket leder till osäkerhet, missförstånd och ineffektivitet på arbetsplatsen. / Introduction: The recommendations on teleworking during the pandemic havehad a major impact on the work environment. The communication channels andthe natural meeting places have changed, which in turn has an impact on thecoordination mechanisms within goal management. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to discover through a qualitative casestudy how coordination mechanisms are changed by teleworking and whatconsequences it can have for goal congruence and goal fulfillment in acompany. Method: In this report, a case study with qualitative interviews was conductedat a company with two focus groups, which was produced through agoal-directed selection. This with the aim of achieving an in-depthunderstanding of the respondents' experiences. Conclusions: The study states that the control mechanisms are affected as aresult of the telework. The formal mechanisms increase, while the informalones decrease, leading to insecurity, misunderstandings and inefficiencies inthe workplace.

No description available.

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Este trabalho analisa o Programa Bolsa Família (PBF), tratando de sua evolução ao longo do governo Lula, tanto no que diz respeito ao seu escopo quanto a seu desenho institucional e as alterações que foi sofrendo em seus objetivos. Tendo em vista a natureza federativa do Estado brasileiro, o objetivo do trabalho é mostrar os desafios enfrentados pelo poder central para garantir a implementação homogênea de um programa nacional de transferência condicionada de renda a ser gerido pelos municípios. Para tanto, são analisados, de um lado, os recursos institucionais e as estratégias de que dispunha o governo federal para alcançar os seus objetivos para o PBF, e de outro, os resultados e a dinâmica da gestão municipal do programa em dois grandes centros urbanos, São Paulo e Salvador. São analisadas informações relativas ao desempenho nacional do programa e também referentes à implementação municipal do PBF nos casos escolhidos, por meio de dados de surveys realizados com a população de baixa renda e de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com gestores municipais do programa nessas duas cidades. A tese identifica os mecanismos que asseguram o crescente poder de coordenação do governo federal no sentido de fazer com que suas principais diretrizes para o programa sejam de fato implementadas no plano municipal. Mostra também que o processo de implementação do PBF é afetado não só por seu desenho institucional, definido no plano federal, mas também pelas diferentes capacidades institucionais disponíveis no plano local recursos humanos, capacidade de gestão e articulação entre diversos serviços e políticas, infra-estrutura disponível, entre outros aspectos e pelos diferentes interesses políticos na maior ou menor coordenação dos programas locais de transferência com o programa nacional. Finalmente, o trabalho examina ainda os limites e possibilidades para a articulação do PBF com uma política mais ampla de assistência social. / This thesis analyzes the Bolsa Família Program (PBF), dealing with its evolution over the Lula government, both in terms of its scope and its institutional design and also considering the changes in its main goals. Given the federal nature of the Brazilian state, the main goal is to show the challenges the central government face to ensure the proper implementation of a national program of conditional cash transfer to be managed by the municipalities. For this purpose, are reviewed, on the one hand, the strategies and institutional resources available to the federal government to achieve its goals for the PBF, and on the other hand, the results and the dynamics of the municipal implementation of the program in two major urban centers, São Paulo and Salvador. The study is based on information on the performance of the national program and also considers the municipal implementation of the PBF in the selected cases, using data from surveys carried out with low income people and also semi-structured interviews with municipal managers of the program in these two cities. The thesis identifies the main mechanisms developed to ensure the growing power of the federal government in order to make its main guidelines for the program are actually implemented at the municipal level. It also shows that the implementation of the PBF is affected not only by its institutional design, set at the federal level, but also by the different institutional capabilities available at the local level human resources, management capacity and coordination among various services and policies, infrastructure, among others and by the various local political interests in greater or lesser coordination with the national program. Finally, the thesis also examines the limits and possibilities for the articulation of the PBF with a broader social assistance policy.