Fotbollsdomare utsätts för en mängd olika stressorer. De använder sig av olika copingstrategier för att klara av dessa. Domare får utstå både knuffar, sparkar, slag och dödshot. Motivationen till att trots allt fortsätta döma har visat sig ligga i kärleken till sporten. Det saknas dock kvalitativ forskning inom området. Syftet var att undersöka fotbollsdomares upplevelser och hantering av kritik samt vad som motiverar dem att fortsätta. En intervjuundersökning genomfördes med åtta fotbolldomare. Resultatet gav nya insikter som visade att domare upplever kritiken de möter som träffande, förföljande, utsättande, ångestfull, påhoppande samt gav dem prestationskrav. Man hanterar kritiken genom att ta in viss kritik och undvikande av konflikter. Det som motiverade dem var att ta ansvar, hög strävan, glädje och inspiration. Att inte avancera i seriesystemet fick dem att tappa motivation. Domarna använde sig inte av mentala förberedelser inför match. Mentala förberedelser kan kanske underlätta för domare i sin arbetssituation.

The purpose of this study was to explore the current conditions of personality traits, work stress and coping strategies of the teachers at junior high schools in Kaohsiung County and Kaohsiung City, and to analyze if there was any relationship among them. The study was conducted by means of a questionnaire survey with ¡§Questionnaire on Personality Traits, Work Stress and Coping Strategies of the Teachers at Junior High Schools in Kaohsiung County and Kaohsiung City.¡¨ 577 teachers were randomly sampled from 78 junior high schools in Kaohsiung County and Kaohsiung City. Among the collected questionnaires, 546 copies, which accounted for 94.63 % of all, were valid. The collected data was analyzed by statistical methods, including mean, standard deviation, t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson¡¦s product-moment correlation, Canonical correlation, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. Based on the analyzed results, the followings were concluded: 1.The overall personality traits of the teachers at junior high schools in Kaohsiung County and Kaohsiung City were high intermediate, with the level of Agreeableness highest. Male teachers with a master¡¦s degree or above felt their overall personality traits were higher. 2.The overall work stress for the teachers at junior high schools in Kaohsiung County and Kaohsiung City was intermediate . The main source of stress originates from the adaptation to change. Single female teachers in middle-sized schools felt a higher degree of work stress. 3.The overall coping strategies of the teachers at junior high schools in Kaohsiung County and Kaohsiung City were high intermediate Among them, the strategy of problem solving got the highest percentage. Teachers who have obtained a master¡¦s degree or graduated from ordinary universities had a higher level of overall coping strategies than those who graduated from normal universities or teachers colleges. 4.Male teachers have a higher degree of emotional stability, extroversion and openness than female teachers. Married teachers outperformed singles with regard to emotional stability and agreeableness. 5.Teachers with a master¡¦s degree or above had better emotional stability than those who graduated from ordinary universities, normal universities or teachers colleges. Teachers with a master¡¦s degree or above had a higher level of agreeableness than graduates from normal universities or teachers colleges. Regarding conscientiousness, the percentage for teachers graduating from ordinary universities was higher than those from normal universities or teachers colleges. 6.Female junior high school teachers perceived more stress than male instructors in terms of teaching management, professional expertise and adaptation to change. Single teachers suffered more work stress related to interpersonal relationships and professional expertise than those who are married 7.There was a higher percentage in the use of the strategy of help seeking for female teachers than for male instructors. 8.The better personality traits of the teachers at junior high schools in Kaohsiung County and Kaohsiung City were, the lower work stress would show. The lower work stress they have, the higher coping strategies would show. 9.Personality traits were predictive to work stress, and the major predictive variable was emotional stability. 10.Work stress was predictive to the overall coping strategies, and the major predictive variable was professional expertise. According to the results and conclusions of this study, the researcher proposes some specific suggestions for the related personnel teachers, school or education administration to do further study.

During the Second World War, more than 22,000 Japanese Canadians were interned to various locations throughout Canada. While more than 60 years have passed since these events, there remains limited research on the impact that this event had on this group of people. Using McCubbin and Patterson’s (1983) Double ABCX model of family stress and adaptation as a framework, this study used historical narratives of 69 Japanese Canadians to gain insight into a) how Japanese Canadians coped with the challenges associated with their internment, and b) what resources they used during this same time period. The analysis of the coping strategies was done using a modified version of existing measures of coping strategies (Folkman, Lazarus, Dunkel-Schetter, DeLongis, & Gruen, 1986; Suedfeld, Krell, Wiebe, & Steel, 1997), and the analysis of resources was done using an adjusted version of Rettig’s (1995) and Tucker and Rice’s (1985) resource classification list. There were no statistically significant differences between Japanese Canadian men and women in their coping strategy use, but that there were differences between the Issei (first generation) and Nisei (second generation). The Issei used Self Control, Positive Reappraisal, and Denail more than the Nisei, while the Nisei used Seeking Social Support more than the Issei. A strong relationship between coping and resources was found; a relationship that has often been assumed, but never tested. The findings from this study also provided additional support for the usefulness of using both narratives and the Double ABCX model in research.

No description available.

<p>The purpose of the study was to investigate levels of occupational stress experienced by police officers and the strategies used to cope with stress. The study findings are based on a sample of 104 police officers from six police stations within the Cape Town area. The results indicated that participants have been in the police service for an average of 7.72 years, and have worked an average of 4.8 years at their present stations. The majority of participants are between 26-30 years old (31%), male (75%), married(51%), coloured (65%), constables (45%), Afrikaans speaking (47%), and have a matric qualification (70%). The Spielberger Police Stress Survey and the Brief COPE Inventory were used as data collection tools. The findings indicated that police officers were experiencing moderate levels of stress as an outcome of inherent and organisational occupational demands. Secondly, police officers were more likely to use problem-focussed coping strategies to manage occupational stress than maladaptive strategies. The limited use of avoidance coping strategies was surprising, given the elevated prevalence of both physical and psychological disorders within the police context. The results indicated no significant association between levels of distress and avoidance coping strategies. The potential adverse outcomes of severe stress within this group affect&nbsp / society in general more than stress from most other occupational groups. Addressing persistent stress within the organisation is imperative in ensuring a well-functioning police service, and ultimately, a secure and healthy society.</p>

Children are often overlooked in the aftermath of a natural disaster, and children’s use of coping strategies plays an important part in their post-disaster adaptation (Vernberg, La Greca, Silverman, & Prinstein, 1996). The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the coping strategies of children with adequate self-regulation skills and minimal behaviour problems, living in Christchurch following the major 2010 and 2011 earthquakes. This aim was achieved through the use of semi-structured interviews with five seven-year-old children, their parents, and their teachers. These interviews were analysed using Directed Content Analysis and results showed that children most often reported using active and adaptive coping strategies, followed by avoidant strategies. Results in the current literature regarding children’s coping suggest that children exposed to natural disasters are able to utilise strategies that involve some personal control over their environment and emotions, through the use of active and adaptive coping strategies. Findings from this study contribute to the current understanding of children’s use of coping strategies when faced with commonly occurring childhood upsets. Further research is required regarding the outcomes associated with the use of effective coping strategies following traumatic events.

Coping strategies represent the efforts, both behavioural and cognitive, that people invest in order to deal with stressful encounters. Coping is a basic component for developing adaptation and plays a major role in the relationship between the individual and the environment, especially as a moderating element between stress and sickness. Against this backdrop of the impact that the well-being of employees has on organisations, it is of the essence that organisations need to understand how their members cope with the demands which the organisation places on them. This understanding can assist organisations to evaluate the resources they make available to help employees to cope more positively with the demands placed upon them. The general objective of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Coping Orientations to the Problems Experienced Questionnaire (COPE) within different occupational groups in South Africa, to examine the construct equivalence and to assess reliability. A swey design was used. Random samples (N = 3178) were taken from electricity supply personnel, nurses and police officials, and the COPE was administered. Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used to analyse the data. Exploratory factor analysis, using principal axis factoring with varimax rotation, was conducted on 53 items of the COPE and revealed four interpretable factors (Factor 1 = Approach Coping; Factor 2 = Avoidance; Factor 3 = Seeking Support; and Factor 4 = Turn to Religion). Highly acceptable Tucker's phi coefficients were found for all the comparisons, and therefore, sufficient evidence for the construct equivalence of the COPE was demonstrated. Alpha coefficients, ranging from 0,85 to 0,92, were obtained. Statistically significant differences were found between the coping strategies employed within the different organisational, gender and language groups. Recommendations for future research were made. / Thesis (M.A. (Industrial Psychology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Background: The nursing profession involves meetings and situations which can be stressful. The work environment can cause additional stress in the form of time pressure, lack of support from colleagues, management or disgruntled family members and patients. This places the nurse in a position that requires a sharpened ability to handle stress. It can become overwhelming and unmanageable and cause a serious threat to the nurse's health and wellbeing. To handle stress the nurses uses different coping strategies. Aim: The aim of the review was to gain a better understanding of how nurses deal with occupational stress. Method: A systematic literature overview study based on eleven articles, including both qualitative and quantitative studies. Results: Nurses deal with stress in different ways based on their own resources. The results were divided in to seven themes: Seeking social support for emotional expression, Planning and problem solving to reduce stress, Setting boundaries to alleviate stress, Create time and space for recovery, Create time for reflection and guidance, Manage what cannot be affected and Creating distance in order to gain perspective. Conclusion: Perceived stress differs wide between nurses. A great responsibility therefore rests on the nurse herself to learn to manage her stress. The employer can create supportive conditions but the nurse must learn to master their own stress.

This qualitative pilot study investigated the bullying experiences of children who stutter, the type of coping strategies that they use to deal with these experiences, and their perceptions of the effectiveness of their coping strategies. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven 10- to 13-year-old children who stutter. Grounded theory methodology was used to analyze the interview data. Data analysis resulted in a preliminary four-element conceptualization of the process by which children who stutter experience and respond to bullying and the emergence of two themes: Individual Factors and Recommendations. Individual factors were found to influence the process of experiencing and responding to bullying, and recommendations are provided for how children who stutter may respond to bullying and how adults can help them. These recommendations may be used by speech-language pathologists, school psychologists, counselors, teachers, and parents. The findings of this study support previous research with typical children and children who stutter. / Speech Language Pathology

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:58:29Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 joaquim_rm_me_bauru.pdf: 1016372 bytes, checksum: 0cded22ee2a76260d3911cc17a0db20f (MD5) / O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar estratégias de enfrentamento e o nível de ansiedade em mulheres em atendimento psicológico do Centro de Apoio Psicossocial de Bauru. Participaram deste estudo 40 mulheres com idade entre 40 a 62 anos, pacientes psiquiátricos, em atendimento psicológico. Os instrumentos utilizados para a pesquisa foram o inventário Beck de Ansiedade (BAI) e o Inventário Estratégias de Coping de Folkman e Lazarus. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o teste não paramétrico de Mann-Whitney para a comparação de dois grupos utilizando como nível de significância 5%. Os resultados do BAI revelaram um índice de ansiedade considerado grave presente no grupo de mulheres em estudo bem como revelaram significância estatística nas estratégias de enfrentamento Passividade e Suporte Social. A análise das alternativas que compõem os fatores Suporte social, Fuga Esquiva e Passividade caracterizam em termos de enfrentamento o perfil das mulheres ansiosas deste estudo / This study aimed coping strategies and level of anxiety in women, in psychological treatment at the Center for Psychosocial Support of Bauru. The study included 40 women aged between 40 and 62 years of psychiatric patients in psychological treatment. The instrument used for research were the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Coping Strategies Inventory Folkman and Lazarus. For statistical analysis we used the nonparametric Mann-Whitney test for comparing two groups using the signficance level of 5%. The results of the BAI showed in index of anxiety which is serious in this group of women in the study showed statistical significance as well as strategies for coping Passivity and Social Support coping. The analysis of alternatives that make the factors and social support, Passivity characterized in terms of coping profile of the anxious women in this study