Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 376-396). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003. / Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 376-396).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2001. / Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 385-397). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.

Les nanocristaux semi-conducteurs possèdent des tailles qui se situent entre celles des molécules et des matériaux cristallins. Leurs propriétés physiques sont donc dominées par des effets de confinement quantique et par des états électroniques discrets. Une étude approfondie de leur structure électronique et en particulier de la localisation des porteurs de charge s’avère nécessaire pour pouvoir à plus long terme faire de l’ingénierie de structure de bande des hétérostructures semi-conductrices. La microscopie à effet tunnel est l’outil idéal pour imager et sonder les propriétés électroniques de nanocristaux. Le système peut être comparé à une jonction tunnel à doublé barrière tunnel (chapitre 1). Pour caractériser les effets de Coulomb dans des objets quantiques par spectroscopie tunnel (technique détaillée au chapitre 2), mes travaux de recherche ont tout d’abord porté sur un système modèle : une liaison pendante silicium, dont l’état de charge a pu être modifié de manière contrôlée (chapitre 3). Des nanocristaux cœur-coquille (PbSe/CdSe) à symétrie sphérique ont ensuite été étudiés (chapitre 4). Contrairement aux nanocristaux sans coquille, les expériences révèlent que le transport est dominé par le même type de porteurs de charge à polarisation positive et négative de la jonction. Ces mesures donnent également accès à l’énergie de charge des nanocristaux. Un régime de transport similaire est obtenu pour des nanobâtonnets constitués d’un cœur sphérique CdSe enfermé dans un bâtonnet de CdS (chapitre 5), démontrant la reproductibilité des phénomènes observés par l’hétérostructures cœur-coquille. / Semiconductor colloidal nanocrystals are quite attractive, because of their physical properties, such as discrete energy levels. However, devices prepared from semiconductor nanocrystals are still facing limitations due to a high environmental sensitivity of their organic shell. In order to increase their optical properties, core-shell nanocrystals have thus been synthesized. Scanning tunneling microscopy is the appropriate tool to image and probe the electronic properties of individual nanostructures and. This system can be compared to a double barrier tunnel junction, where the transport properties are governed by the transmission probability across both potential barriers (chapter 1). In order to investigate the Coulomb effect in those quantum objects by tunneling spectroscopy (this technique being described in chapter 2), the thesis has first focussed on a prototypical model: an isolated silicon dangling bond, where its charge state has been changed in a controlled manner (chapter 3). Then, PbSe/CdSe core-shell nanocrystals have been studied and a general method is described to correctly identify the electrical nature of the charge carriers in the tunneling spectra (chapter 4). In contrast to the core nanocrystals the transport through core-shell structures reveals, for a majority of nanocrystals, that the same type of charge carrier tunnel on both sides of the apparent gap. Charging peaks are also observed and allow the measurements of the charging energy in these systems. A similar transport regime is obtained for CdSe/CdS dot in rod nanocrystals (chapter 5), demonstrating the reproducibility of the characterized transport phenomena of nanoheterostructure.

This paper examines the effects of federal policies on the health and health care system of the Coquille Indian Tribe. A historical framework is provided within which the nature and magnitude of these effects can be assessed. This paper provides a discussion of the effects of federal termination policy on the health of the Coquille tribe. The health of the Coquille tribe is compared to that of other Indians, and to the Oregon All Races group. The effect of efforts by the Indian Health Service to improve the health of Indian people in the United States is appraised. Efforts of the Coquille Tribe to address the long-standing problem of inadequate health care for its tribal members are documented. Particular attention is given to the achievements of the Coquille Tribal Health Department since 1989, when recognition of the Coquille Tribe's sovereign status was restored by Congress. Secondary research employed both archival and library sources. The primary research consisted of compilation of data from unpublished Coquille tribal documents and interviews. The interviews were conducted with staff members of the Coquille Tribal Health Department and with elders of the Coquille tribe old enough to remember the health care systems prior to termination. Additional interviews were conducted with elders from other Oregon tribes and with staff of the Indian Health Service clinic in Salem, Oregon. The major conclusions are that though the federal government passed its termination laws in 1954, for the Coquille "termination" was actually a process that began in the 1850s and continued on for over one hundred years. Termination for the Coquille only gained "official" recognition by Congress in 1954. The negative health effects upon the Coquille people were due to the actual termination, not the official termination. Since the Coquille tribe gained restoration of its federal recognition it has established a solid base for a health care system for its members. Plans for the growth of this health department and the expansion of the services it offers should, when implemented, provide for the health care needs of the tribe and other Indians in the area. / Graduation date: 1996

Several archaeological examinations have taken place at site 35CS43 in the modern town of Bandon, on Oregon's southern coast. The site has proven to be complex, including evidence of past use as both a cemetery and living site with specialized areas for the harvest and processing of estuarine resources. The site includes huge quantities of shell found in concentrated refuse heaps or middens. Samples of this shell have been taken over the course of excavations and stored for later consideration and analysis, the results of which should lend to greater theory concerning aboriginal subsistence and culture of the occupants of the lower Coquille river estuary. In this analysis of shell material from 35CS43, several previous shell analyses on the Oregon coast are summarized. A shell sample drawn in 1990 is then quantified and analyzed. Finally, information presented is formulated into a model for future excavations and shell analyses. To understand the shore it is not enough to catalogue its life. Understanding comes only when, standing on a beach, we can sense the long rhythms of earth and sea that sculpted its land forms and produced the rock and sand of which it is composed; when we can sense with the eye and ear of the mind the surge of life beating always at its shore blindly pick up an empty shell and say 'This is a murex.' or 'That is an angel wing.'. True understanding demands intuitive comprehension of the whole life of the creature that once inhabited this empty shell: how it survived amid surf and storms, what were its enemies; how it found food and reproduced its kind, what were its relations to the particular sea world in which it lived. / Graduation date: 1994

Dans l'optique de faire de la coquille Saint-Jacques, Pecten maximus, un outil de reconstruction environnementale, une approche liant la biologie, l'écologie et la biogéochimie a été développée. Dans un premier temps, l'étude des anomalies de croissance coquillière de la coquille Saint Jacques nous a permis de révéler des dysfonctionnements de la production primaire. En effet, ces anomalies sont associées à des efflorescences de diatomées carencées en certains éléments nutritifs (acide orthosilicique et/ou phosphates), et dont les propriétés qualitatives sont modifiées (agrégation). La mesure du δ15N et du δ13C dans les tissus de P. maximus et l'application des facteurs de fractionnement moyens admis dans la littérature, montrent que le phytoplancton n'est pas une ressource trophique majoritaire. Deux hypothèses principales découlent de cette observation 1) le phytoplancton constitue une source minoritaire de nourriture 2) les facteurs de fractionnement utilisés ne sont pas valables. D'autre part, les variations saisonnières du δ15N et δ13C ont pu être mises en relation avec les différentes priorités d'allocation d'énergie de cet organisme. Ce résultat ouvre des perspectives quant à l'utilisation de ces rapports isotopiques en tant qu'outils écophysiologiques. Les variations de δ18Ocalcite permettent de tracer l'évolution saisonnière de la température à ± 0,7°C. Le δ13C de la calcite décroît au cours de l'année et au cours de la vie des individus, il semble être contrôlé par des processus biologiques. Le δ13C pourrait devenir un outil d'étude du métabolisme des coquilles Saint-Jacques. Enfin, le développement méthodologique du système LA-ICP-MS permet l'obtention de profils d'éléments traces à une échelle journalière (Mg/Ca, Mn/Ca, Ba/Ca, Sr/Ca et Pb/Ca). Ces rapports semblent cependant être influencés par plusieurs facteurs environnementaux et/ou métaboliques. Des études supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour calibrer ces proxy élémentaires.

40 p. : maps. "A paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master of Science degree in the Department of Anthropology at the University of Oregon." A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries under the call number: KNIGHT E99.C8742 W37 1994

Parmi la diversité des types microstructuraux que l’on peut trouver dans les coquilles des Mollusques, les architectures entrecroisées (lamellaire-croisé, lamellaire-croisé complexe, folié-croisé) sont de loin les plus abondantes. Mais elles restent, de par leurs organisations tridimensionnelles complexes, peu documentées : la majorité des études de biominéralisation, et les différents modèles qui en découlent, sont en effet essentiellement basés sur des architectures plus simples (telles que les couches nacrées ou prismatiques). Or il convient, si l'on souhaite aboutir à une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes fondamentaux qui dirigent la minéralisation de ces biocarbonates, de vérifier dans quelle mesure les modèles développés à partir de coquilles ”simples” sont aussi applicables à des organisations microstructurales plus complexes. Cette étude se focalise donc sur les couches entrecroisées des coquilles de quelques Mollusques, dans le but de mettre en évidence les différents niveaux du contrôle biologique que l'organisme exerce sur leur formation et leur croissance. À cette fin, des techniques de caractérisation in-situ des assemblages organiques sont privilégiées, en relation étroite avec l’analyse des organisations microstructurales et des mécanismes de biocristallisation à fine échelle. Quelques aspects de la diagénèse de ces microstructures seront aussi abordés, à travers l’étude de coquilles fossiles de Patella sp (~100 ka) et Velates perversus (~50 Ma). / Among the variety of microstructural types that can be found within Molluscs shells, intercrossed structures (crossed-lamellar, complex crossed-lamellar and cross-foliated) are by far the most commonly found. They are, however, still poorly documented - mainly due to their complex 3D organization. The majority of biomineralization studies, and the resulting models, are indeed essentially based on simple architectures (such as nacreous or prismatic layers). In order to achieve a better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms that drive the mineralization of such biocarbonates, it is therefore mandatory to check to which extent models developed from « simple » shells stay consistent when applied to more complex microstructural organizations. The present study focuses on intercrossed layers of several Mollusk shells, in order to highlight the various levels of biological control exerted by the organism on their formation and growth. In-situ techniques are used to characterize biochemical compositions, in close correlation with microstructural patterns, as well as fine-scale biocrystallization processes. Some peculiar features of the diagenesis of these microstructures are illustrated, through the study of fossil shells from Patella sp (~100 ky) and Velates perversus (~50 My).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-174). Also available on the World Wide Web.