Orientador: Jorge de Lucas Junior / Banca: Mauro Dal Secco de Oliveira / Banca: Roberto Alves de Oliveira / Banca: Mônica Sarolli Silva de Mendonça Costa / Banca: Giovana Tommaso / Resumo: Objetivou-se avaliar a adição de caldo de cana-de-açúcar em substratos contendo dejetos de vacas em lactação submetidos à biodigestão anaeróbia (BA) em biodigestores batelada e contínuos, para aumento da produção de biogás. Avaliaram-se as produções e qualidade do biogás e dos biofertilizantes. Parâmetros como pH, alcalinidade, redução de sólidos totais (ST) e sólidos voláteis (SV), potenciais de produção de biogás e de metano por unidade de ST e SV adicionados, SV reduzidos e de dejetos foram analisados. Realizaram-se ensaios preliminares de doses de caldo de cana-de-açúcar (CCA) a serem adicionados nos dejetos e de quantificação e caracterização dos dejetos produzidos por vacas da raça Holandesa em lactação que receberam dietas contendo diferentes volumosos. Menores produções diárias de dejetos foram de vacas que receberam cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada com cal hidratada na dieta, com média de 26,60 kg, contendo o dobro de cálcio em relação aos dejetos oriundos das demais dietas. Os dejetos foram submetidos à BA segundo as dietas e, naqueles dejetos de vacas que receberam cana-de-açúcar, foram adicionados 6% de CCA. Os ensaios mostraram que 6% de CCA em dejetos de animais que receberam cana-de-açúcar in natura, aumentaram a produção de biogás em até 42,03 e 44,89%, em biodigestores batelada e contínuo, respectivamente. Dejetos oriundos de dietas contendo cana-de-açúcar in natura e hidrolisada, com 6% de CCA, produziram 0,254 e 0,262 L de CH4 g-1 de SV adicionados em biodigestores batelada, respectivamente. Dejetos oriundos de dietas contendo cana-de-açúcar in natura, com 6% de CCA, produziram 0,208 L de CH4 g-1 de SV adicionados em biodigestores contínuos. Nesses biodigestores as dietas fornecidas aos animais e o uso de CCA nos dejetos não influenciaram os teores de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio nos biofertilizantes, com médias de 2,60; 1,99 e 2,09%, respectivamente. / Abstract: The aim of this work was evaluate the sugarcane juice addition on substrates containing dairy cow manure submitted to anaerobic digestion (AD) under batch and continuous digesters, in order to increase biogas production. The production and quality of biogas and fertilizers were evaluated. Parameters such as pH, alkalinity, total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) reduction, biogas production by added TS and added VS, reduced VS and manure were evaluated. Doses of sugarcane juice (SJ) were evaluated in preliminary trials. The quantification and characterization of manure produced by lactating Holstein cows receiving diets containing different forages was evaluated. Lower daily manure production from cows that received hydrolyzed sugarcane (hydrated lime) in the diet, average 26.60 kg, with a doubling of calcium in relation to manure from the other diets. The manure was submitted to AD according to the diets. Manure from cows feed with sugarcane, had 6% of the SJ addition on it. The trials showed that 6% of SJ was able to increase biogas. The biogas production increased up to 42.03 and 44.89% in batch and continuous digester, respectively. Manure from diets containing in nature and hydrolyzed sugarcane, with 6% of SJ, produced 0.254 and 0.262 L CH4 g-1 added VS in continuous digester. In such digesters, the diets and the use of SJ in the manure did not affect the levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in fertilizers, the means were 2.60, 1.99 and 2.09%, respectively. / Doutor

A high moisture corn/soybean meal-based finishing ration was used to examine the effects of roughage source (corn silage, alfalfa hay), level of dietary roughage (8, 16, 24%), and ractopamine supplementation (none, Optaflexx) on growth performance, carcass traits, and beef quality for finishing 108 steers and 24 heifers (initial BW = 308 kg). Cattle were allocated by gender to 12 management regimen subclasses. Optaflexx (trade name for ractopamine hydrochloride) was fed over the last 28 d on feed with cattle marketed after common days on feed. Growth performance (ADG, feed intake, and feed efficiency) and carcass traits were assessed on an individual animal basis. A primal rib and semitendinosus (ST) muscle from each animal were processed at the University of Guelph Meat Laboratory for carcass and meat quality evaluations. Tenderness was determined using shear force assessment of product aged 7, 14, and 21 d. Average daily gains were similar (P > 0.27) across main effects while use of corn silage as the roughage source decreased (P < 0.001) dry matter intake and improved (P < 0.001) feed efficiency compared to feeding alfalfa hay. Roughage level and beta agonist supplementation did not affect (P > 0.13) dry matter intake or feed efficiency. When the last 28 days on feed were examined, Optaflexx supplementation increased (P < 0.001) weight change, ADG, and improved feed conversion, while DMI remained unchanged (P > 0.373). Carcass traits including hot carcass weight, grade fat, longissimus muscle area, marbling, and body composition as assessed by rib dissection (% lean, fat, bone) were not affected (P > 0.14) by roughage level, source, or use of Optaflexx. Fat partitioning and liver abscess scores were unaffected (P > 0.09) by source and level of roughage fed, and use of Optaflexx. Source and level of dietary roughage did not affect color (P > 0.21) or shear force (P > 0.20) values for longissimus (LM) and semitendinosus (ST) steaks. Lower DMI and better feed conversion can be achieved using corn silage as the roughage source, while inclusion of up to 24% roughage in finishing diets may not negatively impact gains, carcass characteristics or beef quality. Beef producers may be able to increase amounts of roughage in the diet to lower cost of production without compromising growth performance and carcass and meat quality.

The effects of added potassium, K, magnesium, Mg and sulfur, S on corn grain and silage yields were investigated in the field for two years. / Due to high nutrient soil, K, Mg and S had no effects on corn grain and silage yields. However, there were trends observed in the treatment effects that were significant. Added K at 240 kg K$ sb2$O/ha increased grain yield over zero kg K$ sb2$O/ha in 1983 and Mg at 60 kg/ha increased grain yield over 30 kg/ha in 1984. In silage, 240 kg K$ sb2$O/ha increased yield over 120 and zero kg K$ sb2$O/ha in 1984. Although there was no K by Mg interaction, there was a need for added Mg to achieve higher yields. / The cumulative effect of fertilizer S at 50 kg/ha significantly reduced silage yield in 1984 over zero S treatment indicating that fertilizer S was unnecessary for corn growth by reason of high levels of soil S and sufficient S provided from precipitation and air dry deposition. S had no interaction with K and Mg because there was no need for fertilizer S to increase yields. / The antagonistic association between K and Mg was seen at the seedling, tasseling and silking stages. / There was an indication of a K by S interaction which was expressed at different stages of growth, but this effect was not evident for dry matter yields.

Four corn (Zea mays) hybrid types at three plant densities and two nitrogen rates were evaluated for forage yield, forage quality and ensilage quality. The four hybrid types over the first two year of the study included nutri-dense, waxy, leafy, and dualpurpose, the third year a second dual purpose hybrid was added; while the three target plant densities were 54 000, 68 000, and 81 000 plants per hectare; and the nitrogen rates were 134 and 224 kilograms per hectare. The dual-purpose hybrid consistently had high forage yields compared with the other types. When averaged over nitrogen rate and hybrid type, the two highest plant densities typically had higher yields. Across all hybrids nitrogen had no effect on forage yield when averaged across plant density. The leafy hybrid had a lower harvest index than other hybrid types indicating that leaves accounted for much of the harvested weight. Hybrids were examined both at harvest (green chop) and after ensiling for protein and digestibility. Higher nitrogen rates increased crude protein when averaged over all hybrids and plant densities. Dual purpose and waxy hybrid types typically had the lowest acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and the highest relative feed values (RFV); while the nutri-dense and leafy hybrids typically had the highest ADF and NDF values and lowest RFV.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-09-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:07:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 factori_ma_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 294773 bytes, checksum: 8b2e5392a6727168d502dc2743d9fa15 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / O milho é a cultura mais utilizada para confecção de silagem nos sistemas de produção de ruminantes. Para tanto, são encontrados no mercado, cultivares que se diferem em características morfofisiológicas. A eficiência do processo não deve ser avaliada somente pelo valor nutritivo do produto final, mas também pelos custos por kg de massa seca colhida. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o consumo de energia na colheita de híbridos de milho para ensilagem em função da textura do híbrido (dentada e dura), quatro maturidades de colheita (1/2 leitoso, 1/4 leitoso, início de maturação fisiológica e maturação fisiológica) e três tamanhos de partículas - Tp (2, 7 e 11mm). Foi utilizado no experimento um trator da marca Massey Ferguson, modelo MF 610 de 86 cv. Para colheita e corte da forragem, utilizou-se colhedora de forragem, marca JF Máquinas, modelo JF92 Z10. Para obtenção dos dados de consumo de combustível (Cc) e tempo gasto para cada parcela utilizou-se um fluxômetro, instalado próximo ao filtro de combustível do trator. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas. Para os parâmetros avaliados, foi verificada interação tripla entre os fatores hibrido*estádio de colheita*Tp. A velocidade e deslocamento do trator foram diferentes para as maturidades somente para o híbrido de textura dura. O Cc por hora para o híbrido dentado aumentou em maturidades mais precoces de colheita e em menores Tp. O consumo por kg de massa seca produzida foi menor em maturidades mais tardias, textura dentada e dura respectivamente em função da maior produção de massa. A potência teórica foi maior em maturidades mais precoces (textura dentada e dura respectivamente) e para o fator rendimento, foram observados maiores... / Corn is the crop most used for making silage in ruminant production systems. For both, are found in the market, cultivars that differ in morpho-physiological characteristics. The efficiency of the process should not be assessed only by the nutritional value of the final product, but also by cost per kg of dry matter harvested. The objective of this study was to evaluate energy consumption in the harvest of corn hybrids for silage due to the texture of the hybrid (and bite hard) and four harvest maturities (1 / 2 milky, 1 / 4 milky beginning of physiological maturity and physiological maturity) and three sizes of particles - Tp (2, 7 and 11mm). Was used in the experiment of a Massey Ferguson tractor, model 610 MF 86 hp. Harvesting and cutting the grass, we used forage harvester, JF Machines brand, model Z10 JF92. To obtain data on fuel consumption (CC) and time spent for each plot, we used a flow meter, installed near the fuel filter of the tractor. The experimental design was completely randomized in a split-plot. All the variables, there was triple interaction between factors harvesting stage hybrid * maturity stages * Tp. The velocity and displacement of the tractor for the different maturities were only for the hybrid hard texture. Cc per hour for the hybrid toothed increased harvest maturity earlier and at lower Tp. Consumption per kg of dry matter produced was lower in later maturities, texture and bite hard respectively due to the greater mass production. The theoretical power was higher in the earliest maturity (hard bite and texture, respectively) and factor income, higher yields were observed for hybrid hard texture in the most advanced. It can be concluded that fuel consumption was lower in late crop maturity and the hybrid hard... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Resumo: O presente trabalho foi conduzido objetivando-se avaliar o desempenho em confinamento e as características de carcaça de bovinos jovens das raças Aberdeen Angus (AA) e Hereford (HE), alimentados com silagem de milho de alta qualidade como volumoso e dois níveis de energia determinados por misturas de concentrados com 3,07 Mcal/kg de matéria seca (MS) e 3,18 Mcal/kg de MS (energia digestível) em função da adição de sorgo em grãos. Também foram estudadas as degradabilidades dos alimentos e das dietas completas. Para tanto, foram utilizados 16 bovinos machos não castrados, sendo oito da raça AA e oito HE, para o estudo do confinamento e características de carcaça, com peso médio inicial de 220,31 kg e nove meses de idade, além de quatro novilhos de 18 meses de idade, dois de cada raça, para o estudo da degradabilidade. A silagem de milho continha 36 % de grãos (MS) e o concentrado foi composto de farelo de soja, sorgo em grãos no maior nível de energia, ionóforo e minerais. Maiores diferenças relativas à fração solúvel (A), insolúvel degradável no rúmen (B), indegradável no rúmen (C) e taxa de degradação (Kd) dos alimentos e dietas completas foram observadas entre níveis de energia do que entre raças. Dentro das raças, a AA apresentou maior Kd na proteína bruta (PB) do sorgo em grãos. A silagem de milho associada ao concentrado com menor nível energético apresentou maior fração B nos componentes MS, fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA). O farelo de soja, na dieta com menor nível de energia, apresentou maior Kd para a MS. Na dieta completa de maior nível de energia, verificou-se maior fração B na MS e na PB... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present work was conducted to evaluate the performance and carcass characteristics of young cattle fed with high quality corn silage used by houghage and two energy levels, determined by concentrated mixtures in funcion of the inclusion of sorghum grain. It were used 16 not castrated male cattle, from Aberdeen Angus(AA) and Hereford (HE) breeds, to study the feedlot and carcass characteristics, with average initial weight of 220.31 kg and nine months of age, beyond four steers, two of each breed, that were used in the degradability studies. The corn silage contained 36% of grain (DM) and the concentrated was composed by soybean meal, sorghum in grains on the higher energy level, ionophore and minerals. Higher diferences relative to soluble fractions (A), insoluble degradable on the rumen (B), indegradable on the rumen (C) and rate of degradation (kd) of feeds and complete diets were more observed between energy levels that between breeds. Inside of the breeds, the AA showed higher kd in the crude protein (CP) of the sorghum grains. In the differents energy levels studied, in the corn silage, the lower level showed higher B fraction on the components DM, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). The soybean meal, in the diet with lower energy level, showed higher kd to the DM. In the complete diet of higher energy level, was verified higher B fraction in the DM and CP. The degradability on the studied times showed performance more efficient and rapid of the ruminal microorganisms on the CP of foods and NDF and ADF were degrated in a significative appearance in the second moment, existing the preference of attack and degradation for the less complex nutrients. The potential degradability (PD) was higher on the CP of complete diet wich content the higher energy level... (Complete abstract, access undermentioned eletronic address) / Orientador: Alexandre Amstalden Moraes Sampaio / Coorientador: João Restle / Banca: Mário Arrigoni / Banca: José Antonio Cogo Lançanova / Banca: Pedro Alves de Souza / Banca: Mauro dal Secco de Oliveira / Doutor

My work assesses the technology use of corn silage extrusion for biogass production based on biological proces, technological limits, legislation and financial indicators of the biogass station. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on the extrusion process. Based on the robust simulation of the experimental part we can conclude, that the pressure of 1.372 MPa probably moves close to the biotechnological optimum in the relation to the kinetics production of CH4 in certain conditions (the temperature of 38 °C, the delay time of the corn silage in the high pressure extruder CZ UV 21314 was 600 s). From the economic point of view, the assessment was carried out using the net present value (NPV), which serves as a criterion for evaluation of the profitability of investment projects. The technology seems to be a very interesting alternative not only for financial viability reasons, but also in relation to the environment.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-03-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:25:09Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 rego_ac_dr_jabo.pdf: 1269303 bytes, checksum: b1dd147933a7c93f40e53fe130877dd6 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Objetivo-se avaliar o efeito do tamanho de partícula, 5 ou 20 mm e o uso ou não de Lactobacillus plantarum associado a Propionibacterium acidipropionici na silagem de milheto comparada a silagem de milho em três experimentos. No primeiro avaliou-se a temperatura das silagens, o gradiente de temperatura entre silagem e ambiente, e valores de pH antes e após o descarregamento da silagem em diferentes regiões de cinco silos de superfície. A temperatura antes e após a retirada da fatia de silagem, assim como o gradiente de temperatura entre silagem e ambiente em silos de milheto e milho é menor no estrato inferior do perfil. Silagens de milheto apresentam menores valores de pH no estrato inferior do silo, 5,1 e 4,3 antes e após o descarregamento, respectivamente. No segundo e terceiro experimentos, foram avaliadas dietas contendo silagem de milheto com partículas de 5 ou 20 mm e contendo ou não inoculante comparada a silagem de milho, sobre o consumo e a digestibilidade das dietas, produção e composição do leite, e comportamento ingestivo dos animais. Vacas alimentadas com dietas contendo silagem de milho produzem mais leite (17,4 kg/dia) corrigido para 3,5% de gordura do que vacas alimentadas com dietas contendo silagem de milheto (15,0 kg/dia), em maiores consumos de MS (16,9 kg/dia) e NDT (10,9 kg/dia). Silagem de milheto com 20 mm de tamanho de partículas proporciona boa eficiência produtiva comparada a silagem com 5 mm. O uso do inoculante na silagem de milheto não altera o consumo e a digestibilidade das dietas. Silagem de milho ou milheto, tamanho de partículas, e o uso do inoculante, não altera o tempo total despendido com alimentação, ruminação e ócio dos animais / The purpose of the present study was to study the effects of 5 or 20 mm particle size, and the use or non use of Lactobacillus plantarum associated with Propionibacterium acidipropionici in millet silage compared to corn silage. In the first experiment were conducted to evaluate the temperature of the silage, the temperature gradient between silage and environment, and pH values before and after removal of slices of silage in different regions of five surfaces silos. The temperature before and after removal of the slice of silage, as well as the temperature gradient between the environment and the silage, in surface silos of millet and corn silage, is lower in the lower strata of the profile. Millet silage has lower pH values in the lower strata of the silo, 5,1 and 4,3 before and after unloading, respectively. The second and third experiments, diets containing millet with particle size of 5 or 20 mm, with or without inoculant, compared to corn silage on intake and digestibility of diets, the production and milk composition, and feeding behavior of animals were evaluates. Cows fed diets containing corn silage produced more milk (17.4 kg/day) corrected for 3.5% fat than cows fed diets containing millet silage (15.0 kg/day), higher intakes of DM (16,9 kg/day) and TDN (10.9 kg/day). Silage with 20 mm particle size, in the diet of dairy cows, leads to greater production efficiency. The use of inoculants in millet silage affects neither the consumption and digestibility of diets. Millet and corn silage, particle size, inoculants, does not alter the time spent on eating, ruminating and restring animals

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-19Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:05:37Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 xavier_can_dr_jabo.pdf: 558746 bytes, checksum: 1c4146e47416cf217017ed1c472db507 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Objetivou-se avaliar a adição de caldo de cana-de-açúcar em substratos contendo dejetos de vacas em lactação submetidos à biodigestão anaeróbia (BA) em biodigestores batelada e contínuos, para aumento da produção de biogás. Avaliaram-se as produções e qualidade do biogás e dos biofertilizantes. Parâmetros como pH, alcalinidade, redução de sólidos totais (ST) e sólidos voláteis (SV), potenciais de produção de biogás e de metano por unidade de ST e SV adicionados, SV reduzidos e de dejetos foram analisados. Realizaram-se ensaios preliminares de doses de caldo de cana-de-açúcar (CCA) a serem adicionados nos dejetos e de quantificação e caracterização dos dejetos produzidos por vacas da raça Holandesa em lactação que receberam dietas contendo diferentes volumosos. Menores produções diárias de dejetos foram de vacas que receberam cana-de-açúcar hidrolisada com cal hidratada na dieta, com média de 26,60 kg, contendo o dobro de cálcio em relação aos dejetos oriundos das demais dietas. Os dejetos foram submetidos à BA segundo as dietas e, naqueles dejetos de vacas que receberam cana-de-açúcar, foram adicionados 6% de CCA. Os ensaios mostraram que 6% de CCA em dejetos de animais que receberam cana-de-açúcar in natura, aumentaram a produção de biogás em até 42,03 e 44,89%, em biodigestores batelada e contínuo, respectivamente. Dejetos oriundos de dietas contendo cana-de-açúcar in natura e hidrolisada, com 6% de CCA, produziram 0,254 e 0,262 L de CH4 g-1 de SV adicionados em biodigestores batelada, respectivamente. Dejetos oriundos de dietas contendo cana-de-açúcar in natura, com 6% de CCA, produziram 0,208 L de CH4 g-1 de SV adicionados em biodigestores contínuos. Nesses biodigestores as dietas fornecidas aos animais e o uso de CCA nos dejetos não influenciaram os teores de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio nos biofertilizantes, com médias de 2,60; 1,99 e 2,09%, respectivamente. / The aim of this work was evaluate the sugarcane juice addition on substrates containing dairy cow manure submitted to anaerobic digestion (AD) under batch and continuous digesters, in order to increase biogas production. The production and quality of biogas and fertilizers were evaluated. Parameters such as pH, alkalinity, total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS) reduction, biogas production by added TS and added VS, reduced VS and manure were evaluated. Doses of sugarcane juice (SJ) were evaluated in preliminary trials. The quantification and characterization of manure produced by lactating Holstein cows receiving diets containing different forages was evaluated. Lower daily manure production from cows that received hydrolyzed sugarcane (hydrated lime) in the diet, average 26.60 kg, with a doubling of calcium in relation to manure from the other diets. The manure was submitted to AD according to the diets. Manure from cows feed with sugarcane, had 6% of the SJ addition on it. The trials showed that 6% of SJ was able to increase biogas. The biogas production increased up to 42.03 and 44.89% in batch and continuous digester, respectively. Manure from diets containing in nature and hydrolyzed sugarcane, with 6% of SJ, produced 0.254 and 0.262 L CH4 g-1 added VS in continuous digester. In such digesters, the diets and the use of SJ in the manure did not affect the levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in fertilizers, the means were 2.60, 1.99 and 2.09%, respectively.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2002-12-03Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:06:28Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 brondani_il_dr_jabo.pdf: 448629 bytes, checksum: 99822735122dd26e4056f19cea1a6611 (MD5) / O presente trabalho foi conduzido objetivando-se avaliar o desempenho em confinamento e as características de carcaça de bovinos jovens das raças Aberdeen Angus (AA) e Hereford (HE), alimentados com silagem de milho de alta qualidade como volumoso e dois níveis de energia determinados por misturas de concentrados com 3,07 Mcal/kg de matéria seca (MS) e 3,18 Mcal/kg de MS (energia digestível) em função da adição de sorgo em grãos. Também foram estudadas as degradabilidades dos alimentos e das dietas completas. Para tanto, foram utilizados 16 bovinos machos não castrados, sendo oito da raça AA e oito HE, para o estudo do confinamento e características de carcaça, com peso médio inicial de 220,31 kg e nove meses de idade, além de quatro novilhos de 18 meses de idade, dois de cada raça, para o estudo da degradabilidade. A silagem de milho continha 36 % de grãos (MS) e o concentrado foi composto de farelo de soja, sorgo em grãos no maior nível de energia, ionóforo e minerais. Maiores diferenças relativas à fração solúvel (A), insolúvel degradável no rúmen (B), indegradável no rúmen (C) e taxa de degradação (Kd) dos alimentos e dietas completas foram observadas entre níveis de energia do que entre raças. Dentro das raças, a AA apresentou maior Kd na proteína bruta (PB) do sorgo em grãos. A silagem de milho associada ao concentrado com menor nível energético apresentou maior fração B nos componentes MS, fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e fibra em detergente ácido (FDA). O farelo de soja, na dieta com menor nível de energia, apresentou maior Kd para a MS. Na dieta completa de maior nível de energia, verificou-se maior fração B na MS e na PB...