<p>The Corncrake <em>Crex crex</em> is classified as vulnerable in Sweden according to the Red List of Swedish species. The number of Corncrakes is generally declining and this has been observed in few countries for more than 100 years. In the province of Värmland in Midwestern Sweden, the Corncrake is seldom seen, but more often heard. A national inventory of the Corncrake was made during 2008 and many volunteer ornithologists in the province of Värmland were involved in the work. Observations of singing Corncrakes were done during nights in the agricultural landscape. Totally 64 singing male Corncrakes have been observed during May, June and July. The results of this study show that the Corncrakes in the province of Värmland do not choose a certain habitat type to establish on. Neither do they choose a certain part of the province geographically. The size of the field seems important when choosing a suitable field and in average a Corncrake had an area of 450 ha to utilize. Different habitat elements have been investigated near the observation locations of the Corncrakes. Roads nearby the fields do not prevent the Corncrakes from settling and singing. The distribution of days when different individuals were singing or silent revealed six possible matings in three different individuals (twice each) and also one probable move from one location to another. There is more than one way to promote the Corncrakes existence in the province of Värmland, and one of them is to delay the mowing of the field or to mow in a different manner.</p> / <p>Kornknarren <em>Crex crex</em> är klassificerad som sårbar i Sverige enligt Rödlistan. Antalet kornknarrar håller på att minska i Sverige och liknande tendens är noterat i andra länder sedan mer än 100 år tillbaka i tiden. I landskapet Värmland är kornknarren en sällan sedd, men något oftare hörd besökare. Riksinventering av kornknarren utfördes i hela landet år 2008 och många volontärornitologer i Värmland deltog i inventeringen. Observationer av sjungande kornknarrar gjordes under nattetid på landsbygden. Totalt observerades 64 hanar från maj till juli. Studien visar att kornknarrar inte väljer någon specifik typ av habitat för att sjunga i. Individerna tycks fördela sig i relation till habitattillgång. Kornknarrar verkar inte heller föredra en viss geografisk del av landskapet. Storleken på fält verkar relevant för deras val av lokal och i genomsnitt har en hane 450 ha som sin potentiella användningsyta. Olika habitatelement karterades och det visade sig att vägar inte är ett förhinder för en kornknarr att välja ett fält att etablera sig på. Dagar när kornknarrar spelade och var tysta noterades och detta visade på sex möjliga parningar för tre individer (två vardera) samt en möjlig flytt från ett fält till ett annat. Det finns fler än ett sätt att gynna kornknarren i landskapet Värmland och några av dem är att inte slå vissa fält, att slå vissa fält senare eller att slå inifrån och ut istället för tvärtom.</p>

The Corncrake Crex crex is classified as vulnerable in Sweden according to the Red List of Swedish species. The number of Corncrakes is generally declining and this has been observed in few countries for more than 100 years. In the province of Värmland in Midwestern Sweden, the Corncrake is seldom seen, but more often heard. A national inventory of the Corncrake was made during 2008 and many volunteer ornithologists in the province of Värmland were involved in the work. Observations of singing Corncrakes were done during nights in the agricultural landscape. Totally 64 singing male Corncrakes have been observed during May, June and July. The results of this study show that the Corncrakes in the province of Värmland do not choose a certain habitat type to establish on. Neither do they choose a certain part of the province geographically. The size of the field seems important when choosing a suitable field and in average a Corncrake had an area of 450 ha to utilize. Different habitat elements have been investigated near the observation locations of the Corncrakes. Roads nearby the fields do not prevent the Corncrakes from settling and singing. The distribution of days when different individuals were singing or silent revealed six possible matings in three different individuals (twice each) and also one probable move from one location to another. There is more than one way to promote the Corncrakes existence in the province of Värmland, and one of them is to delay the mowing of the field or to mow in a different manner. / Kornknarren Crex crex är klassificerad som sårbar i Sverige enligt Rödlistan. Antalet kornknarrar håller på att minska i Sverige och liknande tendens är noterat i andra länder sedan mer än 100 år tillbaka i tiden. I landskapet Värmland är kornknarren en sällan sedd, men något oftare hörd besökare. Riksinventering av kornknarren utfördes i hela landet år 2008 och många volontärornitologer i Värmland deltog i inventeringen. Observationer av sjungande kornknarrar gjordes under nattetid på landsbygden. Totalt observerades 64 hanar från maj till juli. Studien visar att kornknarrar inte väljer någon specifik typ av habitat för att sjunga i. Individerna tycks fördela sig i relation till habitattillgång. Kornknarrar verkar inte heller föredra en viss geografisk del av landskapet. Storleken på fält verkar relevant för deras val av lokal och i genomsnitt har en hane 450 ha som sin potentiella användningsyta. Olika habitatelement karterades och det visade sig att vägar inte är ett förhinder för en kornknarr att välja ett fält att etablera sig på. Dagar när kornknarrar spelade och var tysta noterades och detta visade på sex möjliga parningar för tre individer (två vardera) samt en möjlig flytt från ett fält till ett annat. Det finns fler än ett sätt att gynna kornknarren i landskapet Värmland och några av dem är att inte slå vissa fält, att slå vissa fält senare eller att slå inifrån och ut istället för tvärtom.

The aim of this work was to monitor the occurrence of males of corncrake (Crex crex) in the western part of the Šumava National Park and Protected Landscape Area and to find out the effect of meadows ecosystems management on its occurrence. The method of night counting of singing males of corncrake with the help of method of point transect was practised. Male territorial vocalization audio record was used as well. The monitoring lasted for the nesting season of corncrake from 2008 to 2010. The average altitude of studied localities was 879.57 metres above sea-level. Seventy four localities were studied. Corncrake preferred ungrazed and unfertilized perennial grasslands harvested after 15th July. It also preferred temporarily and permanently waterlogged localities. The localities grazed by farm animals affected the occurrence of corncrake negatively. The decrease in number of males was observed from 2008 to 2010 on studied localities. The numbers were even 61,5 % lower. From the above mentioned data it can be concluded that the best management as regards the occurrence of corncrake is ungrazed and unfertilized perennial grassland with late time of harvesting in the case of not fitting into an agroenvironmental programme protecting the corncrake.

Theoretical part of the diploma thesis (review) is focused on historical development of the Common Agricultural Policy (reforms from the years 1999 and 2003 are emphasized) and on the comparison of the agri-environment schemes (AES) of the Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, and Austria. The aim of the review was to summarize the processes, which led to the recent form of AES. In practical part of the thesis measures, which support maintaining and increasing of populations of ground game and birdlife, i.e. measures Catch Crops, Rich Seed Habitat (Biobelt), and Bird Area on Grasslands were evaluated. Data from Paying Agency SZIF were used. The study covers both, the (shortened) programming period 2004-2006 and the programming period 2007 {--} 2013 (years 2004 {--} 2008). Thesis is focused on region NUTS II Southeast. The following indicators were analysed: interest of the farmers in the selected AES measures, area on which the measures were carried out and amount of the financial support spent to support individual measures. Finally, steps to optimize the use of financial resources are suggested. Catch Crops are used as a measure on arable land. The highest interest of the farmers in Catch Crops was observed in the year 2004, when the largest number of the farmers entered this measure. The interest was decreasing in the following years (especially in the years 2007 and 2008, when the endowment was lowered). Catch Crops cover 6 {--} 8 % of the arable land of the region and the area has been increasing in time. Biobelt is only sporadically used measure (probably because of the underestimation of the costs), but interest in it (albeit low) has been increasing during the whole period. Measure Bird Area on Grasslands is restricted to nesting areas of Corncrake (Crex crex) and Waders (Charadrii). In NUTS III South Bohemian Region, the measure was applied on approximately 27 % of the area where it potentially can be used during the whole observed period. In NUTS III Plzeň Region, the area increased from 26% in the years 2004 {--} 2006 to 60 % in the years 2007 and 2008.

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