Business is arguably the most powerful institution of our society and ever since the publication of the second King Report on Corporate Governance for South Africa (King II) in 2002, South African corporate companies have sharpened their focus on their commitment to the “Triple Bottom Line”, an expanded baseline for measuring a company’s performance which includes, in addition to the traditional financial yardstick, accounting of the impact of their activities on society and the environment. It is impossible for organisations to ignore the impact of social, ethical and environmental issues on their business. This research provides an overview of Corporate Social Investment initiatives in South Africa towards developing education. There is a demand for corporate companies to comply with both the King Report on Corporate Governance as well as Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment. Considering the poor state of education, both Government and the private sector are contributing financially to improve the socio-economic conditions of the country, specifically the state of education. Government’s contribution to public education remains its single largest investment, because it is the key to reducing poverty and accelerating long-term economic growth. However, very little impact can be measured as conditions are still very poor and problems still persist. There is no integrated, sustainable focused approach which can be effectively measured and evaluated. The purpose of this research is to investigate initiatives toward the development of education, the focus and the magnitude and effects of initiatives. Thereafter a more synergetic and integrated plan is presented and recommended to the corporate sector to assist in developing education. / MCom (Business Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

Business is arguably the most powerful institution of our society and ever since the publication of the second King Report on Corporate Governance for South Africa (King II) in 2002, South African corporate companies have sharpened their focus on their commitment to the “Triple Bottom Line”, an expanded baseline for measuring a company’s performance which includes, in addition to the traditional financial yardstick, accounting of the impact of their activities on society and the environment. It is impossible for organisations to ignore the impact of social, ethical and environmental issues on their business. This research provides an overview of Corporate Social Investment initiatives in South Africa towards developing education. There is a demand for corporate companies to comply with both the King Report on Corporate Governance as well as Broad-based Black Economic Empowerment. Considering the poor state of education, both Government and the private sector are contributing financially to improve the socio-economic conditions of the country, specifically the state of education. Government’s contribution to public education remains its single largest investment, because it is the key to reducing poverty and accelerating long-term economic growth. However, very little impact can be measured as conditions are still very poor and problems still persist. There is no integrated, sustainable focused approach which can be effectively measured and evaluated. The purpose of this research is to investigate initiatives toward the development of education, the focus and the magnitude and effects of initiatives. Thereafter a more synergetic and integrated plan is presented and recommended to the corporate sector to assist in developing education. / MCom (Business Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013

The aim of the thesis is to identify current trends in the field of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The theoretical part of the paper deals with the evolution of CSR, the basic conceptual approaches, motivation of companies to adopt responsibile business pracitices, and the dominant global trends. The practical part assesses the relevance of CSR trends for one of the world's largest companies - General Electric.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / Tornar possÃvel o retorno ao convÃvio social, sem reincidir, à um dos objetivos da pena. Com isso, os ÃrgÃos responsÃveis estÃo em uma busca constante para prover isso aos seus assistidos. A Secretaria da JustiÃa e Cidadania (Sejus), do Estado do CearÃ, tem promovido inÃmeras tentativas e parcerias para que este fim torne-se possÃvel. Com a realizaÃÃo de alguns eventos esportivos, no Brasil, nos anos de 2013, 2014 e 2016, o Conselho Nacional de JustiÃa (CNJ), juntamente com a FIFA, notou a oportunidade para o caminho da ressocializaÃÃo. Assim, determinaram que as organizaÃÃes envolvidas com as obras desses eventos deveriam contratar apenados e egressos como sua mÃo de obra. Destarte, a Sejus, com o intuito de atender essa demanda e formar a ligaÃÃo entre empresas e apenados, criou o Programa MÃos que Constroem, cuja finalidade està em incentivar a profissionalizaÃÃo dos seus assistidos. Dessa forma, essa iniciativa insere-se no tema Responsabilidade Social Corporativa (RSC), que torna-se cada vez mais relevante no contexto das organizaÃÃes. A RSC apresenta uma gama de denominaÃÃes e agrupa uma sÃrie de conceitos, dentre eles està a Cidadania Corporativa. Estabelecendo que uma organizaÃÃo empresarial tenha o papel de verificar os direitos dos cidadÃos individuais, a Cidadania Corporativa propÃe um novo desafio aos negÃcios. ContribuiÃÃes sociais, tais como a contrataÃÃo de apenados do sistema prisional, caracterizam-se como prÃticas de cidadania corporativa. Para investigar a aÃÃo dessas empresas, utilizou-se como principal referÃncia o modelo de cidadania corporativa proposto por Mirvis e Googins (2006). A partir desse modelo serà possÃvel analisar o estÃgio de cidadania corporativa de uma empresa do setor de construÃÃo civil que incorpora apenados do sistema prisional no mercado de trabalho. Para isso, este trabalho classifica-se como uma pesquisa qualitativa, com base em um estudo descritivo. Como mÃtodo de coleta de dados qualitativos, foram utilizadas entrevistas e pesquisa documental. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo desenvolvida em uma empresa do setor de construÃÃo civil, dando Ãnfase aos gestores responsÃveis pelo gerenciamento dos apenados, e aos prÃprios executores de pena. Aplicou-se o mÃtodo de estudo de caso Ãnico. Como principal fonte de coleta de dados, foram aplicadas entrevistas. Para o estudo, foram aplicados trÃs protocolos de entrevistas. A partir disso, concluiu-se que a empresa està desenvolvendo-se com o intuito de inserir-se cada vez mais nas questÃes sociais, visando a sustentabilidade. Trabalho, educaÃÃo e qualificaÃÃo foram as estratÃgias de ressocializaÃÃo abordadas pela GalvÃo Engenharia. Essas trÃs vertentes demonstraram ter importÃncias diferenciadas para os apenados, destacando, por ordem de importÃncia, o trabalho, a qualificaÃÃo e, por Ãltimo, a educaÃÃo, cujo devido destaque nÃo foi dado. Destaca-se a relaÃÃo estabelecida entre Sejus, GalvÃo Engenharia e apenados. A GalvÃo Engenharia interage com a Sejus para dar oportunidade de trabalho, qualificaÃÃo e educaÃÃo para os apenados, posicionando-se em um processo de desenvolvimento quanto à cidadania em sua agenda corporativa. / To make it possible for the former prisioners to return to social life, with no relapses, is one of the punishmentâs goals. As a result, the responsible entities are in a constant search to provide it to their beneficiaries. The Department of Justice and Citizenship (Sejus), in CearÃ, has developed numerous projects and business partnerships with this result in mind. With the events held in Brazil in the years 2013, 2014 and 2016, the National Council of Justice (CNJ), along with FIFA, saw the opportunity for a rehabilitation path. This way, it was determined that the organizations involved with the construction work related to these events should hire convicts and ex-convicts as your workforce. Consequently, Sejus, in order to meet this demand and establish the connection between companies and convicts, created the program âMÃos que Constroemâ (Hands that Build), where the main purpose is to encourage the professionalization of their beneficiaries. Thus, this initiative is part of the theme Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), which increasingly becomes important on the context of organizations. The RSC has a range of denominations and groups a series of concepts, among them is the Corporate Citizenship (CC). It establishes that a business organization has the role of checking the rights of individual citizens, Corporate Citizenship proposes a new challenge to businesses. Social contributions, such as the hiring of inmates in the prison system, are characterized as practices of corporate citizenship. To investigate the companyâs actions, Mirvis and Googinsâs model of corporate citizenship (2006) was used as the main reference model. From this model it will be possible to determine the intention of their corporate citizenship when hiring convicts. From this model will be possible to analyze the corporate citizenship stage of a company in the construction sector that incorporates inmates of the prison system in the labor market. In order for this to happen, this study is classified as a qualitative research, based on a descriptive study. As a method of qualitative data collection, interviews and desk research were used. A field survey was conducted in a construction company, focusing on the managers responsible for the convicts, and the prison guards themselves. A single case study was also conducted. As the main source of data collection were used interviews. For this study, three interviews protocols were used. From this, it was concluded that the company is focusing its development on increasing its participation on social issues, aiming sustainability as a final goal. Work, education and specific qualifications for the job were the rehabilitation strategies chosen by GalvÃo Engenharia. These three strands seem to hold different meanings for the convicts, highlighting, in order of importance, the work, the qualification and, finally, education, which was not given the rightful importance. In this research, the relationship between Sejus, GalvÃo Engenharia and convicts was highlighted. GalvÃo Engenharia interacts with Sejus to give job opportunity, qualification and education for the inmates, positioning itself in a process that involves citizenship in its corporate agenda.

The problems of unsustainable development and the increased-awareness of corporate power in the global era have contributed to an agenda of corporate citizenship. This thesis explores the meanings and practices that fall under the banner of the triple bottom line of corporate citizenship through forty-two in-depth interviews with representatives from the corporate sector and NGO sector (including trade unions) in Australia. This purposive sample includes a specific range of corporate industries and NGO types, all of which have involvement with various areas of sustainability. Interviewees described their feelings and experiences in relation to the concept of the triple bottom line, the potential and limitations of this type of sustainability and the purpose and impacts of partnerships between NGOs and the corporate sector. On the basis of this research, this thesis argues that corporate citizenship is at best, a set of initiatives for making minor adjustments to the way companies perform their day-to-day operations and at worst, a program for improving corporate image rather than performance and for shifting the agenda of sustainable development toward corporate interests. While radical steps are required to achieve a sustainable society and environment, the terms of corporate citizenship offer very limited opportunities for change. The self-regulatory and market based model of citizenship does not challenge the impact of consumerism or the legitimacy of particular industry types and their products, except where threats are perceived to the longevity of the companies involved. Furthermore, while the exploitation of the environment and society has occurred as a result of corporate self-interest, corporate citizenship is justified on the same basis. The self-interest rationale and the tyranny of the economic bottom line in particular, substantially limit the fields of responsibility that can be included in the citizenship paradigm. While there are undoubtedly some well-intentioned corporate representatives who are working toward attaining a more sustainable corporate culture, the discourse is primarily used to shift the sustainable development agenda toward corporate paradigms and interests.

<p>Bakgrund: Företagens roll i samhället håller på att förändras. En möjlighet för företag att bidra till en utveckling som är långsiktigt hållbar: ekonomiskt, socialt och ekologiskt kan uppnås genom Corporate Citizenship – företaget som den goda medborgaren. </p><p>Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att utreda och skapa förståelse för begreppetCorporate Citizenship och dess framväxt från ett strategiskt perspektiv, samt attstudera hur och varför företag arbetar med Corporate Citizenship. </p><p>Genomförande: En litteraturgenomgång inom området Corporate Citizenship har genomförts. Vidare har representanter från fyra svenska multinationella företag med uttalad Corporate Citizenshipverksamhet intervjuats. Undersökningen har kompletterats med intervjuer med konsulter med erfarenhet inom området. </p><p>Resultat: Corporate Citizenship kan ses som ett konkret och operationaliserbart angreppssätt av strategisk betydelse av företagets totala ansvar och engagemang: ekonomiskt, miljömässigt och socialt, där man går längre än ansatsen "att ta ansvar för sina handlingar". Företagen har från att reagera reaktivt övergått till att bli mer proaktiva i sitt agerande inom Corporate Citizenship samtidigt som strategins framväxt karakteriseras av planering. Motiven till företagens engagemang är genomgående desamma: stärkt varumärke, ökad attraktivitet som arbetsgivare, legitimitet i samhället, lönsamhet, goodwill och förbättrade kundrelationer. Uppsatsen belyser den strategiska betydelse som Corporate Citizenship kan ha för ett företag om det hanteras medvetet ur en mängd olika aspekter. Företagens inriktning på Corporate Citizenshiparbetet skiljer sig genom att det är direkt eller indirekt kopplat till kärnkompetens eller direkt relaterad till en fundamental del i affärsverksamheten. Den globala omfattningen skiljer sig även den, från inhemsk inriktning till multiinhemsk inriktning.</p>

Bakgrund: Företagens roll i samhället håller på att förändras. En möjlighet för företag att bidra till en utveckling som är långsiktigt hållbar: ekonomiskt, socialt och ekologiskt kan uppnås genom Corporate Citizenship – företaget som den goda medborgaren. Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att utreda och skapa förståelse för begreppetCorporate Citizenship och dess framväxt från ett strategiskt perspektiv, samt attstudera hur och varför företag arbetar med Corporate Citizenship. Genomförande: En litteraturgenomgång inom området Corporate Citizenship har genomförts. Vidare har representanter från fyra svenska multinationella företag med uttalad Corporate Citizenshipverksamhet intervjuats. Undersökningen har kompletterats med intervjuer med konsulter med erfarenhet inom området. Resultat: Corporate Citizenship kan ses som ett konkret och operationaliserbart angreppssätt av strategisk betydelse av företagets totala ansvar och engagemang: ekonomiskt, miljömässigt och socialt, där man går längre än ansatsen "att ta ansvar för sina handlingar". Företagen har från att reagera reaktivt övergått till att bli mer proaktiva i sitt agerande inom Corporate Citizenship samtidigt som strategins framväxt karakteriseras av planering. Motiven till företagens engagemang är genomgående desamma: stärkt varumärke, ökad attraktivitet som arbetsgivare, legitimitet i samhället, lönsamhet, goodwill och förbättrade kundrelationer. Uppsatsen belyser den strategiska betydelse som Corporate Citizenship kan ha för ett företag om det hanteras medvetet ur en mängd olika aspekter. Företagens inriktning på Corporate Citizenshiparbetet skiljer sig genom att det är direkt eller indirekt kopplat till kärnkompetens eller direkt relaterad till en fundamental del i affärsverksamheten. Den globala omfattningen skiljer sig även den, från inhemsk inriktning till multiinhemsk inriktning.

Introduction: The society is becoming more aware of the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) work. CSR has also be-come a competitive tool in order to reach out to potential cus-tomers. There are also many definitions of what CSR actually means. These are things that makes it interesting to find out how multinational corporations, who has a lot of power, per-ceive and work with CSR, as well as what can be done to make corporations work more with CSR. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to describe what CSR as a con-cept means, whose responsibility it is, as well as why corpora-tions work with it. We also intend to find out what it takes to make CSR a more prevailing and decisive instrument for cor-porations? Method: We conducted six unstructed interviews with multinational corporations in Sweden. Conclusion: Today the phenomena of CSR has no unified definition, this is why we believe that a definition that is precise in describing what CSR is can be useful. We think that transparency is something important since information provided to the pub-lic, provides consumers and stakeholders with power to make information based investment, and purchase decisions. We have also concluded that we think that the most important factor in driving the CSR work forward and making it grow in size, is to make consumers reward the corporations that per-form well in their CSR activities.

Abstract The purpose of our thesis was to comprehend how organizations approach the Corporate Social Contract that exists between them and society. The empirical data was gathered to reflect a comprehension of the Corporate Social Contract as a whole and as the product of its components, i.e.: Corporate Social Responsibility and Reciprocity. Other concepts interconnected with our main topic were also used in order to better comprehend the concept of Corporate Social Contract as well as our interpretations of the collected empirical data. These interconnected concepts were Corporate Sustainability, Corporate Citizenship, Shared Value, and Willingness to Pay.   The research work was approached from the qualitative standpoint. Considering that the perspective of our thesis was an organizational one, we approached 5 organizations within which to conduct interviews on the stated topic. Our aim was merely to understand the organizational perspective and approach to the concept of Corporate Social Contract, not to compare these perspectives and approaches.   Each of the chosen organizations met certain basic criteria mentioned in our work that permitted us to include them in our sample. The thesis’ conclusion reflected various organizational approaches towards Corporate Social Contract from the angle of Corporate Social Responsibility as well as varying perspectives on, and expectations of, society’s reciprocity. The study has shown that our view of the equal importance of the concepts of CSR and Reciprocity, within the framework of CSC fulfillment, is an under investigated area in both academics and in the practical business world. This has also been supported by our interviewees’ view on expectations, placed on society, as an implicit area in their organizations’ policies. Through our study we have uncovered practical reasons as to why CSC cannot be fulfilled all the time, how expectations between both organizations and society differ from project to project, and the importance of societal reciprocity in the aim of CSC fulfillment. And thus, through our study, we endeavor to comprehend how organizations fulfill the CSC and how they view society’s attempts to fulfill its end of the contract.   As a result of our work, future students and researchers stand to gain insights into the mentalities of organizations that hail from different industries and are based in different parts of the world. Future students and researchers could also derive their own interpretations of our respondents words based on the culture prevalent in the country in which the respondents are based. Apart from this, one can note that the respondents were also from a range of departments and their professionally skewed perspective on our topic makes for an interesting contribution to those seeking insights into our topic and those interlinked.   Key Words: Corporate Social Contract, Corporate Social Responsibility, Reciprocity, Corporate Sustainability, Corporate Citizenship, Shared Value, and Willingness to Pay.

As the modern world deals with an increasing number of environmental and social crises, corporate sustainability is becoming ever more imperative for business. There is broad agreement that profit maximization can no longer be the exclusive goal of a company, with firms working to align environmental, social, and financial performance. Companies have demonstrated a wide variety of experiences in regards to the financial crisis and its effects on corporate sustainability. While some firms experienced serious setbacks in achieving environmental and social goals others firms claimed to have been ramping up sustainability efforts during the recession. However, most firms report that their corporate sustainability strategies have not been significantly affected by the recession.