The purpose of financial reporting is to provide information that is useful for decision making. Recently, however, there has been a systematic decline in the usefulness of such information. Indeed, the current reporting model seems to be no longer sufficient mainly due to the fact that it ignores many of the nonfinancial intangible factors which are increasingly becoming important in determining corporate value and performance. That is, there is a need for the traditional reporting model to be modified or at least broadened to reflect Intangible Assets (IA) in order to enhance the usefulness of information being provided to different stakeholders. In the absence of mandatory reporting requirements, one alternative way of disseminating information regarding IA is to engage in voluntary disclosure practices. It has also been suggested that companies which would benefit the most from such practice are those originating from emerging economies looking to expand into international markets. While there exists an array of empirical studies which have examined the voluntary disclosure practices of corporations from developed economies, less considered are the reporting practices of emerging market companies regarding their IA. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the voluntary disclosure practices of the top 200 emerging market companies regarding the variety, nature and extent of IA and to consider some of the factors that may be associated with the level of such disclosure. Using a disclosure index based on the Value Chain Scoreboard??? (Lev, 2001), narrative sections of the 2002 annual reports of the top 200 emerging market companies are analysed. The findings indicate that emerging market companies engage in voluntary disclosure practices in order to disseminate different varieties of mainly quantitative IA information to their global stakeholders. Further, the variety and the extent of IA disclosure are associated with corporate specific factors such as leverage, adoption of IFRS/US GAAP, industry type, and price to book ratio. Contrary to the existing literature on voluntary disclosure, however, firm size and ownership concentration are not found to be associated with the IA disclosure level. Country specific factors such as the level of risks associated with economic policy and legal system are also found to be significantly associated with the IA voluntary disclosure level.

by Robert C. Merton. / Presented at the American Finance Association Meeting, New York, December 1973. / Bibliography: leaf [26]

MASTER OF MANAGEMENT IN FINANCE & INVESTMENT (MMFI) 2015 RESEARCH REPORT / This paper assesses shareholder wealth creation in target and acquiring companies as a result of an acquisition, in particular, a hostile takeover. The paper reviews existing mergers and acquisitions literature and also considers a case study in order to review some practical results. The case study of the Bidvest Group hostile takeover of Adcock Ingram Pharmaceuticals that took place in January 2014 in South Africa is reviewed. A detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis is conducted to ascertain and quantify shareholder wealth creation after the takeover. The analysis conducted included a financial assessment using relevant financial indicators, an analysis of existing literature and interviews with key board directors of Adcock Ingram Pharmaceuticals. To ascertain whether the results of the target company, Adcock Ingram Pharmaceuticals, are either in line, below or above industry performance after the takeover, Adcock Ingram Pharmaceuticals’ results are benchmarked against Aspen Pharmacare Holding’s results. Majority of the findings literature reviewed are that target company shareholder gains exceed acquiring company shareholder gains post an acquisition. The findings of this research are that target company (Adcock Ingram Pharmaceuticals) shareholders are worse off whilst acquiring company (Bidvest Group) shareholders continue to increase their wealth after the takeover. Possible reasons for these results, which contradict majority of the existing literature on wealth gains post a merger or acquisition, are given.

No description available.

by Tse Wai Wing. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.v / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.vi / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION / Scope and Objective of Study --- p.1 / Methodology --- p.3 / Review of Past Research --- p.4 / Plan of the Report --- p.5 / Chapter II. --- OVERVIEW OF VALUATION METHODS / Earnings Per Share --- p.6 / Earnings Growth --- p.7 / Return On Investment --- p.7 / Return On Equity --- p.7 / Return On Equity Spread --- p.8 / Chapter III. --- RESEARCH METHODOLOGY / Introduction --- p.10 / Economic Value Added --- p.11 / Market Value Added --- p.15 / Cost of Capital --- p.16 / Valuation Process --- p.20 / Assumptions and Limitations --- p.22 / Chapter IV. --- ANALYSIS OF FINDINGS / Cost of Capital --- p.24 / MVA Rank --- p.28 / Regression Analysis of MVA Vs Other Measures --- p.40 / Predictability of Performance of MVA --- p.41 / Chapter V. --- CONCLUSIONS --- p.44 / APPENDIX / Calculation of MVA and EVA --- p.46 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.82

by Chu Yee-Mon & Ku Wan-Shim. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 40-41). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.v / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- BACKGROUND AND LITERATURE SEARCH / Price earnings ratio anomaly --- p.3 / Over-reaction to earnings effect --- p.4 / January effect --- p.5 / Firm size effect --- p.6 / Chapter III. --- STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES --- p.8 / Chapter IV. --- RESEARCH HYPOTHESES --- p.9 / Chapter V. --- METHODOLOGY / Research design --- p.10 / Data collection method --- p.13 / "Sampling (method, size, frame)" --- p.13 / Data collection process --- p.15 / Additional sample screening --- p.15 / Chapter VI. --- ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION / Sample size --- p.16 / Monthly returns & adjustment for capitalization changes --- p.16 / The market model linear regression analysis --- p.17 / Additional screening for data --- p.19 / Comparison of betas with published results --- p.21 / Monthly abnormal returns --- p.23 / PE ratios and quartiles --- p.23 / PE quartiles and firm sizes --- p.24 / PE ratios and abnormal returns --- p.26 / PE ratios and returns --- p.31 / "PE ratios, firm sizes and abnormal returns" --- p.33 / Chapter VII. --- LIMITATIONS / Limitation of methodology --- p.37 / The applicability of the market model --- p.38 / Chapter VIII. --- SUMMARY OF FINDINGS --- p.39 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.40 / APPENDICES / Chapter A --- Market Model Regression Analysis and Abnormal Returns of individual stocks / Chapter B --- Monthly Abnormal (Market-Model Adjusted) Returns for 1990: Portfolio ranked on the magnitude of the firm's Actual Price on Dec 18 1989/1988 Earning (PE) Ratio Monthly Abnormal (Market-Model Adjusted) Returns for 1991: Portfolio ranked on the magnitude of the firm's Actual Price on Dec 18 1990/1989 Earning (PE) Ratio / Chapter C --- Average Monthly Abnormal (Market-Model Adjusted) Returns for 1990 and 1991: Portfolio ranked on the magnitude of the firm's Actual Price/Last Year Earnings (PE) Ratio / Chapter D --- Average Monthly Returns for 1990 and 1991: Portfolio ranked on the magnitude of the firm's Actual Price/Last Year Earnings (PE) Ratio / Chapter E --- Average Monthly Abnormal (Market-Model Adjusted) Returns for 1990 and 1991: Portfolio ranked on the magnitude of the firm's Actual Price/Last Year Earnings (PE) Ratio and then Firm Size

Chen Chang. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 33-34). / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

by Fong Yuet-Ming, Lau Mei-Po. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-46). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.v / Chapter / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.3 / Roots of Asian Financial Crisis --- p.4 / Contagion Phenomenon --- p.10 / Fixed Exchange Rate Regime --- p.10 / Sterilized and Non-sterilized Foreign Exchange Rate --- p.12 / "Case Study of Fixed Exchange Rate Collapse: Mexico Peso Crisis,1982" --- p.13 / Crisis Theories --- p.14 / Chapter III. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.16 / CAPM Analysis --- p.17 / T-tests --- p.18 / Regression Analysis --- p.19 / Chapter IV. --- EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS --- p.20 / Category Level --- p.20 / Individual Stock Level --- p.24 / P/E Ratio Analysis --- p.24 / Share Price Analysis --- p.26 / Market-to-book Ratio Analysis --- p.29 / Cumulative Residual Analysis & Regression Residual Against Time --- p.31 / Chapter V. --- CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS FROM STUDY --- p.39 / Conclusions --- p.39 / Implications from Study --- p.41 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.43 / APPENDIX / Graphs of Cumulative Residuals against Time of the Hang Seng Index Constituents Stocks

This study is aimed at investigating the effect of mergers and acquisitions on the share prices and dividends involving South African companies in the food and beverage industry. A sample of 79 mergers from 1999 to 2005 was used. The data was analysed using the event study methodology and descriptive statistics. In addition, the paired t-test was also conducted to test the significance of the results. The results were presented using graphs, tables and charts. The results showed that target companies obtained negative abnormal returns during the announcement of mergers while acquiring companies on the other hand received positive abnormal returns. The results imply that it can no longer be generalized that target companies always win and acquiring companies lose during the merger activity. On the other hand, the dividends for target companies increased significantly after the merger, while the dividends for acquiring companies remained insignificantly negative after the merger. / Graduate School of Business Leadership / MBL

Assignment (MAcc )--University of Stellenbosch, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The price-earnings ratio is one of a series of benchmarks developed after the Great Depression, to measure the fair value of shares on a relative basis. It originated from the idea that investors buy the earnings of a company and that the price-earnings ratio provides a consensus indication of the future growth potential of a company. Therefore, the price-earnings ratio is a rating of a company's future profitability. The price-earnings ratio developed, over the years, firstly, into an indicator of the relative risk associated with a company as the market anomalies associated with the ratio were investigated and clarified, and the theoretical background of the ratio integrated with the portfolio theory. It is now clear that the price-earnings ratio can be a useful indicator of the risk associated with an investment and the uncertainty associated with the duration of the growth phase of a company. Secondly, the price-earnings ratio is also a growth and valuation model with a theoretical background that can be linked to popular dividend discount models and the growth opportunities approach to investment valuation. With the use of the price-earnings ratio it is easy to visualise the relative profitability and the total investment required to raise a company's rating of future profitability. This simplicity allows one the opportunity to evaluate the reasonableness and likelihood of the investment reaching its projected potential profit targets. Lastly, as a result of accounting changes and the different accounting rules in force today, the price-earnings ratio also assists in the identification and elimination of the effects of accounting on investment decisions. It is apparent that the price-earnings ratio possesses the capabilities to assist investors significantly with the analysis of investment opportunities. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die prys-verdienste verhouding is een van 'n reeks relatiewe maatstawwe ontwikkel na die Groot Depressie om die redelike waarde van aandele te bepaal. Dit is gebaseer op die idee dat beleggers die winste van 'n maatskappy koop en dat die prys-verdienste verhouding 'n konsensus aanduiding verskaf van die toekomstige groeipotensiaal van 'n maatskappy. As gevolg hiervan is die prys-verdienste verhouding 'n aanduiding van die relatiewe toekomstige winsgewendheid van 'n maatskappy. Die prys-verdienste verhouding het oor die jare ontwikkel, eerstens as 'n aanwyser van die relatiewe risiko verbonde aan 'n maatskappy soos abnormaliteite wat daaraan verwant is ondersoek en verklaar is, en die teorieë onderliggend aan die verhouding ontwikkel het saam met die portefeulje teorie. Dit is nou duidelik dat die prys-verdienste verhouding 'n bruikbare aanduider is van die risiko wat geassosieer word met 'n belegging en die onsekerheid wat gepaard gaan met die duur van die groeifase van 'n maatskappy. Tweedens is die prys-verdienste verhouding ook 'n waardasie- en groeimodel met 'n teoretiese agtergrond wat verband hou met die populêre dividend verdiskonteringsmodelle en die groeigeleenthede-benadering tot waardasie. Met die gebruik van die prys-verdienste verhouding is dit maklik om die relatiewe winsgewendheid en die totale belegging wat benodig word om die waarde van die relatiewe winsgewendheid van 'n maatskappy te verhoog, tevisualiseer. Hierdie eenvoud verskaf die geleentheid om die redelikheid en die waarskynlikheid van 'n belegging om sy voorsiene winsgewendheidsdoelwitte te bereik, te evalueer. Laastens, as 'n resultaat van die rekeningkundige veranderinge, en die verskillende rekeningundige reëls huidiglik van toepassing in die wêreld, help die prys-verdienste verhouding ook met die identifikasie en die eliminasie van rekeningkundige komplikasies op beleggingsbesluite. Dit is duidelik dat die prys-verdienste verhouding die vermoë het om die belegger by te staan met die ontleding van beleggingsgeleenthede.