I investigate the association between independent directors' monitoring roles as distinguished by whether they reside on the audit committee (ACs) or not (NACs) and their respective ownership and whether Section 301 or a proxy for alternative independent monitoring (the percentage of institutional ownership) affects this relation. Specifically, I examine whether the objectivity required of serving as an AC (consistent with their audit function role) or alignment with investors (consistent with agency theory) dominates in determining independent directors' level of share ownership. Using generalized estimations of equations I provide evidence that ACs hold less ownership than NACs that suggests differences with respect to independence in appearance/ alignment with shareholder interests not previously documented amongst independent directors. I also find evidence that Section 301 may contribute to this differential ownership while the presence of institutional ownership moderates this relationship. / by John Incardona. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2010. / Includes bibliography. / Electronic reproduction. Boca Raton, Fla., 2010. Mode of access: World Wide Web.

The Zimbabwean economy had reached historically low levels in terms of its performance. Coupled with this, the country's volatile political environment saw many once prosperous business ventures struggling for survival. One of the immediate options followed by many organisations was the undertaking of mergers with similar or related companies in a bid to ensure continued growth. Among the hardest hit industries by the economic decline was the advertising industry. In order to maintain its market dominance, the Ogilvy and Mather group of Zimbabwe (comprising Barker McCormark and CM & A) embarked on discussion with a smaller rival, Carroll O'Donovan Hardy TBWA. The discussions would culminate in a merger of the three agencies in September 2001. From the onset the merger was characterised by a series of staff resignation particularly from Carroll O'Donovan Hardy and CM & A. In addition, existing clients began to complain about the handling of their business. The study will examine the causes for these grievances and assess the impact of the group's post merger strategies aimed at consolidating the merger. It will examine the group's capability at maintaining the sustainable growth that was envisaged at the time of merger. An assessment of whether post merger strategies at Ogilvy and Mather Zimbabwe are successful in terms of their impact on employee and customer retention will be conducted. Based on the findings, a best case scenario will be mapped out so as to ensure Ogilvy and Mather maintain their market dominance of the advertising industry in Zimbabwe The next chapter will develop a theoretical framework for strategies aimed at successful post merger management. This framework will be used to analyse the effect of the merger at Ogilvy and Mather and provide guidelines on the best way possible in a post merger environment of its nature. / Thesis (MBA)-University of Natal, 2003.

This study examines the efficacy of change management following an acquisition by a multinational corporation. Staff turnover records are examined to determine whether there are significant changes in staff turnover before and after critical events in the change process. Staff exit questionnaires are examined to determine employees' reasons for leaving. The key change agents are interviewed to obtain their perspectives on the change process. Our conclusion is that the change has been generally well-managed, although more attention could have been paid to the individual groups that make up the staff, and that communication could have been improved. Our recommendation is that a follow-up study be conducted to gauge employee attitudes following the relocation. / Thesis (MBA)-University of Natal, Durban, 2002.

A troca de comando é um desafio para as empresas familiares que buscam a sobrevivência da empresa em longo prazo. O processo de sucessão é também o período de convivência entre predecessores e sucessores para o compartilhamento de conhecimento a fim de garantir que conhecimentos valiosos sobre o negócio se mantenham na organização, para que assim a troca do comando não afete o desempenho e eficiência da empresa. Dada a relevância do conhecimento no processo de sucessão de empresas familiares, destaca-se atividade de exploração de conhecimento, realizadas individualmente, mas também no compartilhamento de conhecimento entre predecessores e sucessores. A exploração de conhecimento pode acontecer por meio das atividades de exploitation, quando refere-se aos novos usos e combinações do conhecimento existente para atingir as metas de curto prazo, ou por meio das atividades de exploration, quando refere-se à busca por novos conhecimentos, desconhecidos e muitas vezes incertos. Por isso, as atividades de exploração de conhecimento se relacionam às características individuais na relação com demais membros da família, na rotina da organização. Fatores referentes à motivação e ao envolvimento do indivíduo com o negócio familiar podem ter influência em como tais atividades são realizadas na organização. Neste aspecto, estudos apontam as bases do comprometimento dos membros envolvidos no processo de sucessão como um aspecto crítico na sucessão. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a relação entre o comprometimento e as atividades de exploration e exploitation de conhecimento dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo de sucessão de empresas familiares. A abordagem adotada para a pesquisa foi a de métodos mistos com estratégia sequencial explanatória, sendo que incialmente coletou-se a analisou-se dados quantitativos. A partir dos achados quantitativos procedeu-se a segunda fase da pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa com o objetivo de aprofundar os resultados da pesquisa quantitativa. A pesquisa foi aplicada na Federação das Câmaras de Dirigentes Lojistas do Rio Grande do Sul (FCDL-RS) considerando empresas familiares do Rio Grande do Sul envolvidas em processos sucessórios. Participaram da etapa quantitativa 303 associados e 10 associados participaram da etapa qualitativa. Os resultados indicaram que no nível individual de análise os respondentes realizam de forma ambidestra, ambas as atividades, exploration e exploitation. Já no nível do compartilhamento de conhecimento entre sucessores e predecessores, a ambidestria não foi identificada. Ao relacionar as atividades de exploration e exploitation de conhecimento individuais e no compartilhamento com o comprometimento, identificou-se relações positivas e negativas. A relação positiva foi percebida entre o comprometimento afetivo na dimensão referente à lealdade dos indivíduos ao negocio da família e as atividades de exploitation no compartilhamento e combinação de conhecimentos. Por outro lado, foram identificadas relações negativas entre o comprometimento de continuidade e afetivo, na dimensão referente ao desejo em permanecer na empresa e as atividades de exploration no compartilhamento para a criação de novos conhecimentos. O resultado da pesquisa indica que, ao discutir as atividades de exploration, exploitation e ambidestria de conhecimento o nível de análise e o contexto da pesquisa podem influenciar nos resultados do estudo. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2016-12-02T13:24:53Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Fernanda Pauletto D'Arrigo.pdf: 520303 bytes, checksum: b46d638330a016715884ef6aabc82d73 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-02T13:24:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Fernanda Pauletto D'Arrigo.pdf: 520303 bytes, checksum: b46d638330a016715884ef6aabc82d73 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-02 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, FAPERGS. / The change of command is a challenge for family businesses looking for of the business longterm survival. The succession process is a period of coexistence between predecessors and successors for knowledge sharing between generations to ensure that, the valuable knowledge about the business remains in the organization, therefore that the change of command does not affect the performance and efficiency of company. Given the importance of knowledge in the succession process of family businesses, we highlight knowledge exploration and exploitation activities, carried out individually, but also in the sharing of knowledge between predecessors and successors. Knowledge strategies can be perceived through the exploitation activities - relates to new uses and combinations of existing knowledge to achieve short-term goals, or by means of exploration activities - the search for new knowledge, unknown and often uncertain. Therefore, knowledge exploration ans exploitation activities may be related to individual characteristics and with the relationship with other family members in the routine of the organization. Thus, it allows considering the motivations and involvement of the individual with the family business may have an impact on how such activities are carried out in the organization. In this regard, previous studies indicate that the commitment bases of the members involved in the succession process, thus defining the commitment as a critical aspect of succession. The objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between the commitment and the activities of exploration and exploitation of knowledge of the individuals involved in the process of succession of family businesses. To reach the aim, was carried out a mixed methods approach with an explanatory sequential strategy, and initially collected to be analyzed quantitative data. From the quantitative findings we preceded to the second phase of research, with a qualitative approach that aimed to in depth the results of the quantitative research. The survey was conducted in FCDL-RS considering family businesses of Rio Grande do Sul – Southern Brazil, involved in succession processes. The final results considered 303 respondents participated in the quantitative step and 10 interviewers in the qualitative step. The main contribution of the study is the knowledge exploration and exploitation activities in the individual and the sharing between predecessors and successors, and beyond the commitment relating to these members. The results indicated that, in regard to the individual dimension of analysis, the respondents perform ambidextrous way, both activities. However, in the knowledge sharing dimension, ambidexterity was not identified. Relating the knowledge exploration and exploitation activities in the individual and sharing level with the commitment, the results identified positive and negative relationships. A positive relationship was perceived between affective commitment regarding to the loyalty dimension and exploitation activities for knowledge sharing and combination. On the other hand, negative relationships between the commitment of continuity and affective - regarding the desire to stay in business - and exploration activities on the share to the creation of new knowledge. The result of research indicates that, when discussing the activities of exploration, exploitation and ambidexterity knowledge of the level of analysis and the search context can influence the results of the study

Com a abertura de mercado nos anos 90, o Brasil precisou enfrentar um período de adaptação. Afinal seus parques industriais estavam obsoletos e sua produtividade baixa, se comparada com países desenvolvidos da Europa e América do Norte. As empresas nacionais não possuíam estrutura para competir com os produtos importados, de melhor qualidade e preço competitivo. Como consequência desta abertura muitas empresas foram compradas, outras formaram joint venture, ocorreram fusões entre as empresas e além da entrada de capital estrangeiro no país. As micro e pequenas empresas (MPEs) não participaram deste processo, no entanto, precisam competir neste cenário. Desta forma as MPEs precisaram procurar soluções para manterem-se competitivas no mercado. Com base neste contexto, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo propor uma metodologia para melhoria de serviços em MPEs de gestão familiar com o auxílio de modelos de referência de produtos e processos. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada foi uma pesquisa aplicada de cunho exploratório com uma abordagem qualitativa por meio de um estudo de caso em uma micro empresa de gestão familiar, do segmento de energia elétrica que comercializa e realiza manutenção de grupos geradores de eletricidade. Para o desenvolvimento da metodologia proposta utilizou-se os modelos de referência de Cheng e Melo Filho, de Rozenfeld et al. e de Baxter. Com a aplicação da metodologia proposta identificou-se as necessidades dos clientes, os equipamentos com resultado satisfatório e as melhores condições de fornecimento do serviço. Foram identificados os grupos geradores com desempenho favorável para a utilização em horário de ponta, e emergências. Foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta por meio do Access para auxiliar na análise dos dados dos equipamentos e serviços. / In the 90’s, Brazil opened your market to foreign products and services, for this, It needed an adjustment period, After all, yours industrial parks were obsolete and their productivity is low, if as compared with developed countries in Europe and North America. The companies in Brazil not had structure to compete with imported products that had better quality and competitive price. From this act, many companies in Brazil were bought; others were formed joint venture, fusion occurred between companies and inflows of foreign capital in the country. Micro and small companies (SMC) did not participate in this process; however, need to compete in this scenario. For that, SMC needed to find solutions to remain competitive in the market. On this context basis, this research aims to propose a methodology to improve services in MSC family managed with the assistance of reference models of product and process. Therefore, the methodology used was an exploratory applied research, with qualitative approach through a case study of family’s management micro and small company that sells and does maintenance on generator groups of energy segment. To the development of the methodology used the reference models of Cheng and Melo Filho, Rozenfeld et al., and Baxter. With the application of the methodology was identified what the customer needs, the equipments with satisfactory results and the best conditions of service. Were identified generator group with good performance to peak hour and emergency situations, was development a tool in Access to assist in equipment e service data analysis.

Com a abertura de mercado nos anos 90, o Brasil precisou enfrentar um período de adaptação. Afinal seus parques industriais estavam obsoletos e sua produtividade baixa, se comparada com países desenvolvidos da Europa e América do Norte. As empresas nacionais não possuíam estrutura para competir com os produtos importados, de melhor qualidade e preço competitivo. Como consequência desta abertura muitas empresas foram compradas, outras formaram joint venture, ocorreram fusões entre as empresas e além da entrada de capital estrangeiro no país. As micro e pequenas empresas (MPEs) não participaram deste processo, no entanto, precisam competir neste cenário. Desta forma as MPEs precisaram procurar soluções para manterem-se competitivas no mercado. Com base neste contexto, a presente pesquisa tem como objetivo propor uma metodologia para melhoria de serviços em MPEs de gestão familiar com o auxílio de modelos de referência de produtos e processos. Para tanto, a metodologia utilizada foi uma pesquisa aplicada de cunho exploratório com uma abordagem qualitativa por meio de um estudo de caso em uma micro empresa de gestão familiar, do segmento de energia elétrica que comercializa e realiza manutenção de grupos geradores de eletricidade. Para o desenvolvimento da metodologia proposta utilizou-se os modelos de referência de Cheng e Melo Filho, de Rozenfeld et al. e de Baxter. Com a aplicação da metodologia proposta identificou-se as necessidades dos clientes, os equipamentos com resultado satisfatório e as melhores condições de fornecimento do serviço. Foram identificados os grupos geradores com desempenho favorável para a utilização em horário de ponta, e emergências. Foi desenvolvida uma ferramenta por meio do Access para auxiliar na análise dos dados dos equipamentos e serviços. / In the 90’s, Brazil opened your market to foreign products and services, for this, It needed an adjustment period, After all, yours industrial parks were obsolete and their productivity is low, if as compared with developed countries in Europe and North America. The companies in Brazil not had structure to compete with imported products that had better quality and competitive price. From this act, many companies in Brazil were bought; others were formed joint venture, fusion occurred between companies and inflows of foreign capital in the country. Micro and small companies (SMC) did not participate in this process; however, need to compete in this scenario. For that, SMC needed to find solutions to remain competitive in the market. On this context basis, this research aims to propose a methodology to improve services in MSC family managed with the assistance of reference models of product and process. Therefore, the methodology used was an exploratory applied research, with qualitative approach through a case study of family’s management micro and small company that sells and does maintenance on generator groups of energy segment. To the development of the methodology used the reference models of Cheng and Melo Filho, Rozenfeld et al., and Baxter. With the application of the methodology was identified what the customer needs, the equipments with satisfactory results and the best conditions of service. Were identified generator group with good performance to peak hour and emergency situations, was development a tool in Access to assist in equipment e service data analysis.

A troca de comando é um desafio para as empresas familiares que buscam a sobrevivência da empresa em longo prazo. O processo de sucessão é também o período de convivência entre predecessores e sucessores para o compartilhamento de conhecimento a fim de garantir que conhecimentos valiosos sobre o negócio se mantenham na organização, para que assim a troca do comando não afete o desempenho e eficiência da empresa. Dada a relevância do conhecimento no processo de sucessão de empresas familiares, destaca-se atividade de exploração de conhecimento, realizadas individualmente, mas também no compartilhamento de conhecimento entre predecessores e sucessores. A exploração de conhecimento pode acontecer por meio das atividades de exploitation, quando refere-se aos novos usos e combinações do conhecimento existente para atingir as metas de curto prazo, ou por meio das atividades de exploration, quando refere-se à busca por novos conhecimentos, desconhecidos e muitas vezes incertos. Por isso, as atividades de exploração de conhecimento se relacionam às características individuais na relação com demais membros da família, na rotina da organização. Fatores referentes à motivação e ao envolvimento do indivíduo com o negócio familiar podem ter influência em como tais atividades são realizadas na organização. Neste aspecto, estudos apontam as bases do comprometimento dos membros envolvidos no processo de sucessão como um aspecto crítico na sucessão. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a relação entre o comprometimento e as atividades de exploration e exploitation de conhecimento dos sujeitos envolvidos no processo de sucessão de empresas familiares. A abordagem adotada para a pesquisa foi a de métodos mistos com estratégia sequencial explanatória, sendo que incialmente coletou-se a analisou-se dados quantitativos. A partir dos achados quantitativos procedeu-se a segunda fase da pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa com o objetivo de aprofundar os resultados da pesquisa quantitativa. A pesquisa foi aplicada na Federação das Câmaras de Dirigentes Lojistas do Rio Grande do Sul (FCDL-RS) considerando empresas familiares do Rio Grande do Sul envolvidas em processos sucessórios. Participaram da etapa quantitativa 303 associados e 10 associados participaram da etapa qualitativa. Os resultados indicaram que no nível individual de análise os respondentes realizam de forma ambidestra, ambas as atividades, exploration e exploitation. Já no nível do compartilhamento de conhecimento entre sucessores e predecessores, a ambidestria não foi identificada. Ao relacionar as atividades de exploration e exploitation de conhecimento individuais e no compartilhamento com o comprometimento, identificou-se relações positivas e negativas. A relação positiva foi percebida entre o comprometimento afetivo na dimensão referente à lealdade dos indivíduos ao negocio da família e as atividades de exploitation no compartilhamento e combinação de conhecimentos. Por outro lado, foram identificadas relações negativas entre o comprometimento de continuidade e afetivo, na dimensão referente ao desejo em permanecer na empresa e as atividades de exploration no compartilhamento para a criação de novos conhecimentos. O resultado da pesquisa indica que, ao discutir as atividades de exploration, exploitation e ambidestria de conhecimento o nível de análise e o contexto da pesquisa podem influenciar nos resultados do estudo. / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, FAPERGS. / The change of command is a challenge for family businesses looking for of the business longterm survival. The succession process is a period of coexistence between predecessors and successors for knowledge sharing between generations to ensure that, the valuable knowledge about the business remains in the organization, therefore that the change of command does not affect the performance and efficiency of company. Given the importance of knowledge in the succession process of family businesses, we highlight knowledge exploration and exploitation activities, carried out individually, but also in the sharing of knowledge between predecessors and successors. Knowledge strategies can be perceived through the exploitation activities - relates to new uses and combinations of existing knowledge to achieve short-term goals, or by means of exploration activities - the search for new knowledge, unknown and often uncertain. Therefore, knowledge exploration ans exploitation activities may be related to individual characteristics and with the relationship with other family members in the routine of the organization. Thus, it allows considering the motivations and involvement of the individual with the family business may have an impact on how such activities are carried out in the organization. In this regard, previous studies indicate that the commitment bases of the members involved in the succession process, thus defining the commitment as a critical aspect of succession. The objective of this research was to analyze the relationship between the commitment and the activities of exploration and exploitation of knowledge of the individuals involved in the process of succession of family businesses. To reach the aim, was carried out a mixed methods approach with an explanatory sequential strategy, and initially collected to be analyzed quantitative data. From the quantitative findings we preceded to the second phase of research, with a qualitative approach that aimed to in depth the results of the quantitative research. The survey was conducted in FCDL-RS considering family businesses of Rio Grande do Sul – Southern Brazil, involved in succession processes. The final results considered 303 respondents participated in the quantitative step and 10 interviewers in the qualitative step. The main contribution of the study is the knowledge exploration and exploitation activities in the individual and the sharing between predecessors and successors, and beyond the commitment relating to these members. The results indicated that, in regard to the individual dimension of analysis, the respondents perform ambidextrous way, both activities. However, in the knowledge sharing dimension, ambidexterity was not identified. Relating the knowledge exploration and exploitation activities in the individual and sharing level with the commitment, the results identified positive and negative relationships. A positive relationship was perceived between affective commitment regarding to the loyalty dimension and exploitation activities for knowledge sharing and combination. On the other hand, negative relationships between the commitment of continuity and affective - regarding the desire to stay in business - and exploration activities on the share to the creation of new knowledge. The result of research indicates that, when discussing the activities of exploration, exploitation and ambidexterity knowledge of the level of analysis and the search context can influence the results of the study

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2011. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die besigheidsomgewing van die landbou industrie ondervind huidiglik baie veranderinge op makro sowel as teikenmarkomgewing met faktore wat nie noodwendig in die nabye toekoms gaan verbeter nie. Gebeure op die makro en teikenmarkomgewing het gelei tot meer onsekerheid en verhoogde mededinging binne die industie. Die doel van hierdie studie is om 'n perspektief te gee van 'n volhoubare besigheidsmodel vir Denau Boerdery, 'n familebesigheid, primêr betrokke in die produksie van tafeldruiwe en sagtesitrus. Met 'n analise van die eksterne en interne omgewing waarbinne Denau Boerdery opereer poog hierdie studie om die besigheid strategies kompeterend te posisioneer vir die langtermyn. Die navorsingsvraag van die studie is: Wat is die optimale besigheidsmodel vir Denau Boerdery om volhoubaar kompeterend geposisioneer te wees oor geslagte heen? Die ondersoekvelde wat op hierdie probleem impakteer is die rigting waarin die globale sagtevrugtebedryf neig ten opsigte van produksie, verpakking, verkoeling, distribusie en die dinamika binne die bemarkingswêreld vir tafeldruiwe en sitrus. 'n Kombinasie van interpretivisme (interpretivism) en subjektivisme (subjectivism) is as navorsingsfilosofie in hierdie studie gebruik. 'n Induktiewe benadering is in hierdie studie gebruik. Die resultaat van die induktiewe benadering sal wees om 'n teoretiese model te formuleer. Die benadering van hierdie studie is om 'n gevallestudie te doen met Denau Boerdery as die onderwerp van die gevallestudie. Kwalitatiewe data is ingesamel deur relevante literatuur en semi-gestruktureerde onderhoude. Vir die doel van hierdie studie is strategie gedefinieer as die kompeterende aksies en bestuursbenadering wat bestuurders gebruik om die besigheid te groei en om klante te trek en te bevredig. Hierdie kompeterende aksies en bestuursbenadering het ten doel om suksesvol mee te ding en operasionele aktiwiteite so uit te voer dat geteikende vlakke van organisatoriese prestasie bereik word. Waar tradisionele strategie gefokus het op die pas van bestaande hulpbronne op ontwikkelende geleenthede, probeer 'n dinamiese strategiese benadering om gapings vir organisasies sigbaar te maak tussen hulpbronne en aspirasies. Hierdie geidentifiseerde gapings skep die energie en motivering vir bestuur om aksie te mobiliseer wat die balans herstel. Die studie toon dat strategiese argitektuur beskryf kan word as 'n hoëvlak bloudruk vir die ontwikkeling van nuwe funksionaliteite, die verkryging van nuwe vaardighede of die migrasie van bestaande vaardighede en 'n omvorming van die interaksie tussen besighede en kliënt. Die strategiese argitektuur is 'n organisasie se kern logika om waarde te skep op 'n volhoubare basis en vorm daarom die grondslag van 'n organisasie se kompeterende potensiaal. Dit beïnvloed ook die huidige kompeterende optrede van 'n onderneming en kan daarom verduidelik hoekom 'n onderneming dalk nie kompeterend in huidige omstandighede is nie. Die strategiese argitektuur van 'n besigheid is nie dieselfde as die besigheidsmodel nie. Die strategiese argitektuur van 'n besigheid is 'n meer uitgebreide en omvattende strategiese beskrywing. Die besigheidsmodel is 'n integrale onderafdeling van die strategiese argitektuur. Volgens die litratuurstudie bestaan die hoofkomponente van 'n strategiese argitektuur die analise en ontwikkeling van: - beskrywings van kern aspirasie of 'n strategiese filosofie bestaande uit die missie, visie en organisasie waardes; - die eksterne omgewing - 'n konteksanalise wat die kompetisie in die industrie asook verbruikersneigings en -patrone reflekteer; - die interne omgewing - 'n konteks-analise bestaande uit 'n finansiële analise, interne waardeketting, kernvaardighede, produk posisioneringsanalise en strategiese kwessie-analise -'‟n besigheidsmodel-beskrywing wat die volgende insluit: o deelnemingstrategie o hulpbronstrategie o kompeterende strategie o winsstrategie - die scenarios en vooruitsigte; - die strategie-uitvoeringspraktyke wat die volgende insluit: o strategiese temas of fokusareas o strategiese padkaart wat strategiese doelwitte verteenwoordig o gebalanseerde telkaart wat strategiese metings verteenwoordig - 'n strategiese innovasiesiklus wat insluit: o besigheidsmodel-innovasie o interne en eksterne begrip o konvergerende en divergerende strategiese gesprekke. Die studie beklemtoon die belangrikheid van die implimentering van 'n strategie. Gesofistikeerde beleggers het tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat uitvoering van strategie selfs belangriker is as visie. Navorsing toon dat twee woorde gereeld opduik waar deurbrake by uitvoering van strategie gemaak is naamlik: 'belyning' en 'fokus'. Strukture word ontwerp om die uitvoering van die strategiese plan te dryf. Strukture maak dit vir mense moontlik om verwagtinge waaraan hulle moet voldoen op so 'n wyse te definieer dat dit altyd fokus om die kapasiteit van die sisteem te verbeter en sodoende die bestaande verbruikers gelukkig te hou en nuwe verbruikers te trek. Om dit te bereik definieer die organisasie baie duidelik wat van mense op alle verantwoordelikheidsvlakke verwag word om hierdie doel te bereik. Volhoubaarheid van 'n besigheid beteken om besigheidsbedrywighede so uit te voer dat dit nie die vermoë van toekomstige geslagte om na hulself om te sien, benadeel nie. Vir hierdie studie is die term volhoubaarheid in 'n strategiese ekonomiese konteks gebruik en het nie op die natuurlike en sosiale aspekte gefokus nie. Uit die literatuur kan korporatiewe bestuur soos volg gedefinieer word: dit is die gepaste samestelling van die raad van direkteure se strukture, prosesse en waardes om te voldoen aan die vinnig veranderende vraag van aandeelhouers en belangegroepe oor hul besigheid Die King III verslag poog om aan die spits van internasionale korporatiewe bestuur te bly. Die filosofie van die verslag handel oor leierskap, volhoubaarheid en korporatiewe eienaarskap. Die onderwerp van studie in hierdie tesis is 'n gevallestudie van 'n familiebesigheid. Vir hierdie studie is 'n famliebesigheid soos volg definieer: - ten minste 51 persent van die besigheid besit; - ten minste twee familielede betrokke is by die bestuur van die besigheid; en - die oorgee van bestuur en eienaarskap na die volgende generasie in die familie in die vooruitsig gestel word. Uit die literatuur is dit duidelik dat in diepte kennis van 'n besigheid se eksterne en interne omgewing 'n voorvereiste vir bestuurders is om daarin te slaag om 'n strategie te formuleer en te belyn met die besigheid se situasie en omgewing om sodoende te bou op die mededingende voordeel en die besigheid se prestasie te verbeter. Dit is duidelik dat Denau Boerdery in 'n baie mededingende omgewing besigheid doen. Faktore in Denau Boerdery se makro-omgewing wat nie ignoreer kan word in hul strategiese posisionering is die onsekerheid wat 'n gebrek aan 'n groenskrif vir grondhervorming te weeg bring, die wisselvallige wisselkoers, MIV/Vigs se gevolge en klimaatsverandering se potensiele negatiewe gevolge. Faktore in die teikenmarkomgewing wat die grootste invloed op Denau Boerdery se strategiese posisionering kan uitoefen sluit in: - nuwe geleenthede en markte as gevolg van globalisering, - verandering in die koopkrag van supermarkte, - meer gesofistikeerde verbruikers, - intergrasie moontlikhede in die waardeketting, en - verhoudinge met sleutel besluitnemers in die mark. Denau Boerdery se interne analise toon dat die besigheid finansieel gesond is en oor 'n sterk balanstaat beskik. Denau Boerdery weeg goed op teen die meeste van die industrie se KSF'e, maar produksievolumes per hektaar kan verbeter. Voorwaardse integrasie van die besigheid deur as 'n produsente uitvoerder geposisioneer te wees pas in by huidige marktendense. Denau Boerdery volg 'n gefokusde gedifferensieerde strategie en die waardeproposisie is in opsomming op die volgende elemente gebou: - Effektiewe waardeketting na verbruikers. - Die Hoekstra Superfruit Handelsmerk. - Hoekstra Fruit Exporters se vermoë om druiwe vanaf November tot April te lewer. - Persoonlike identifisering met die Hoekstra handelsmerk en die deurlopende ontwikkeling van die handelsmerk. - Die lewering van 'n diens aan supermarkte om produkte op die regte tyd, in die gevraagde kwalitiet, in die ooreengekome hoeveelheid met die korrekte dokumentasie te voorsien. - Goeie, direkte verhoudinge met sleutel besluitnemers in die mark. - Voldoening aan alle internationale etiese en voedselveiligheidsakreditasies. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The business environment of the agricultural industry is currently experiencing many changes on macro level as well as in the target market environment, with factors that may not necessarily improve in the near future. Events in the macro- and target market environments lead to more uncertainty and increased competition within the industry. The goal of this study is to give a perspective of a sustainable business model for Denau Farms, a family business involved mainly in the production of table grapes and soft citrus. With an analysis of the external and internal environments within which Denau Farms operates, this study aims to position the business for strategic competitiveness in the long term. The research question of this study is: “What is the optimal business model for Denau Farms to be positioned in a sustainable and competitive way over a number of generations?” The research fields that impact on this problem relates to the direction in which the global deciduous fruit industry tends regarding production, packaging, cooling, distribution and the dynamics within the marketing world of grapes and citrus. A combination of interpretivism and subjectivism is used as research philosophy in this study and an inductive approach was used. The result of the inductive approach will be to formulate a theory. The strategy is to do a case study with Denau Boerdery as the subject of the study. Qualitative data was collected through relevant literature and semi-structured interviews. For the purpose of this study, strategy is defined as the competitive action and management approach that managers use to grow a business and to draw and satisfy client's needs. These competitive actions and managment approach aims to compete successfully and perform operational activities in such a way that targeted levels of organisational performance can be reached. Where traditional strategy focuses on fitting existing resources to developing opportunities, a strategic aim points out gaps between resources and aspirations. The study shows that strategic architecture can be described as a high level blueprint for the development of new functionalities, the acquiring of new skills or the migration of current skills and the transformation of the interaction between businesses and clients. The strategic architecture is an organisation's core logic to create value on a sustainable basis and, therefore, forms the foundation of an organisation's competitive potential. It also influences the current competitive behaviour of an organisation and can, therefore, explain why an organisation is not currently competitive. The strategic architecture of a business is not the same as the business model. The strategic architecture of a business is more expanded and an extensive strategic description. The business model is only one subdivision of the strategic architecture. According to the literature, the main components of a strategic architecture is the analysis and development of: - descriptions of core aspirations of a strategic philosophy existing of the mission, vision and organisation's values; - the external environment – a context analysis reflecting the competition in the industry as well as the consumer trends and patterns; - the internal environment – a context analysis existing of a financial analysis, internal value chain, core skills, product positioning analysis and strategic issue analysis; - a business model description including the following; o participation strategy o resource strategy o competitive strategy o profit strategy - the scenarios and prospects; - the strategy implementation practices consisting of the following; o strategic themes of focus areas o strategic roadmap representing strategic goals o balanced scorecard representing strategic measures - a strategic innovation cycle including; o business model innovation o internal and external understanding o convergent and divergent strategic talks The study accentuates the importance of implementing a strategy. Sophisticated investors have come to the conclusion that the execution of a strategy is even more important than vision. Research shows that two words often surface where breakthroughs are made in the execution of a strategy, namely alignment and focus. Structures are designed to drive the execution of the strategic plan. Structures make it possible for people to define the expectations they must adhere to in such a way that it always focuses on improving the capacity of the system in order to keep the current consumers happy and to draw new consumers. To achieve this goal, the organisation clearly defines what is expected of people on all levels of responsibility. Sustainability of a company means to execute business activities in such a way that it doesn't disadvantage the ability of future generations to look after themselves. For this study, the term sustainability is used in a strategic economic context and doesn't focus on the natural and social aspects. From the literature, corporate management is defined as: the appropriate composition of the board of directors' structures, processes and values to comply with the fast changing demand of shareholders and interest groups about their business. The King III report aims to stay on the cutting edge of international corporate management. The philosophy of the report concerns leadership, sustainability and corporate ownership. The subject of the study in this thesis is a case study of a family business. For this study, a family business is defined as follows: - at least 51 percent of the business is owned by the family; - at least two family members are involved in the management of the business; and - there is the prospect of handing over the management and ownership to the next generation in the family. From the literature, it is clear that in-depth knowledge of a business' external and internal environment is a prerequisite for managers to be able to successfully formulate a strategy and to align it with the business situation and environment in order to build upon the competitive advantage and improve the business‟ achievement. It is clear that Denau Farms is doing business in a very competitive environment. Factors in Denau Farms' macro environment that cannot be ignored for their strategic positioning is the uncertainty that a lack of a green paper for land reform brings about, the fluctuating exchange rate, the effects of HIV/Aids and climate change's potential negative effects. Factors in the target market environment that can have the greatest influence on Denau Farms' strategic positioning include: - new opportunities and markets that is a result of globalisation, - changes in the buying power of supermarkets, - more sophisticated consumers, - integration possibilities in the value chain, - relationships with key decision makers in the market. Denau Farms' internal analysis shows that the business is financially sound and has a strong balance sheet. Denau Farms weigh up well against most of the industry's critical success factors (CSFs) but production volumes per hectare can improve. Forward integration of the business through being positioned as a producer-exporter fits in with current market trends. Denau Farms follow a focused, differentiated strategy and the value proposition is built on the following elements: - Effective value chain to consumers - Access to the Hoekstra Superfruit trademark - Hoekstra Fruit Exporters' ability to deliver grapes from November to April - Own interest - Good, direct relationships with key decision makers in the market - Compliance to all international ethical and food safety accreditation

Family businesses constitute a large number of businesses worldwide contributing significantly to the global economy. Succession planning is a key issue influencing the sustainability of these family businesses. According to research, approximately 30% of businesses fail due to matters related to succession planning (Grote, 2003). Further research indicated that approximately 50% of family businesses do not have adequate succession plans in place. Hence, family businesses are exposed to significant risk in sustainability due to insufficient succession planning. An effective approach to succession planning in a family business increases the chance of success of a family business in both the short and long term. The purpose of this study was to develop a better understanding of approaches to succession planning in two family businesses in East London, South Africa. This purpose was to improve the commercial viability of family businesses and improve the body of knowledge from an academic perspective. To this end, a detailed literature study was conducted on family businesses and succession planning. A qualitative case study research paradigm was implemented to ascertain the nature of the approaches adopted by the two businesses. An interview process was conducted with the incumbent founders (fathers) and successors (sons) of the family business. This process suggested that each business requires a unique approach to succession plan which may include aspects of formal and informal processes. It is necessary to understand the nature of the family business, its interrelated relationships and context to adequately determine the success of a succession approach. It is for this reason that families aspiring long term sustainability should invest in effective succession planning approaches that integrate the nuances of the individual family business.

Thesis (M. Tech.) -- Central University of Technology, Free State, 2006 / In today’s dynamic and uncertain business environment, employees are required to work together to achieve a common goal. An organisation cannot survive without a highly motivated and progressive workforce. Management need to be highly innovative and adaptive, to survive the intensity of competition and change. This study is based on the conviction that enhancing and sustaining employee motivation is a manager’s major function. In effect, management need to create and maintain a culture that fosters motivation, and determine whether employees are culturally adaptable, when two established cultures merge as one. Against this background, the focus fell on attaining optimum performance and a culture that evokes a spirit of co-operation and is conducive to motivating employees to work willingly and effectively. The Amalgamated Beverage Industry was selected for the purpose of this study. The perceptions and opinions of management and that of the lower level employees were examined to determine the impact on the work motivational levels and organiastional culture within Country Region employees. A probable influence was also given on the possible factors contributing to the maintained level of organisational culture and the high motivational levels within ABI. Attention was also focused on culture change and its possible impact on employees.