This thesis analyses the self-portrait visible in the correspondence exchanged between Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir during the Second World War. Particular attention is paid to the period between September 2 nd, 1939 and the end of March, 1940 because that is the time period in which the works of both letter writers are available. / We examine the two principal figures that emerge from the letters of each writer. Sartre appears as both an intellectual and an imperialist; Beauvoir appears as a earthy woman who is also respectful of Sartre. / The thesis is divided in two sections: "Le monologue" and "Le dialogue". In fact, we have discovered that some of the figures, the intellectual and the earthy woman, emerge in a context where the letter writer reacts infrequently to the discourse of the addressee. That is why this section is entitled "Le monologue". In contrast, other figures, the imperialist and the respectful woman, appear in a context where both letter writers react to the image that the addressee projects of himself. That is why this section is named "Le dialogue". In addition, each figure presents a dark side. Therefore, we have studied each of them firstly "in the sun" and secondly "in the shadows". Moreover, our study of this correspondence has permitted us to better identify the general characteristics of the epistolary self-portrait genre.

This thesis involves a comprehensive study of the letters written by Philip Heseltine (Peter Warlock) to Colin Taylor from 1911 to 1929. Warlock first came into contact with Taylor at Eton in 1908 when he studied the piano with him as a schoolboy. Through Taylor's imaginative teaching during the next four years Warlock's interest in and understanding of music, particularly modern music, grew and matured. At the same time a strong bond of friendship developed between the two men and continued until Warlock's early death in 1930. This is clearly illustrated in the surviving 87 letters. Warlock was a great letter writer and over a thousand of them have been preserved, mostly in the British Library. His letters to Taylor have a special significance in that they were written during the entire period of his adult life, most of them during the early formative and creative years. They cover a wide range of topics including the influential friendships with the composers Frederick Delius and Bernard van Dieren, contemporary British and foreign music and his own work as a composer, writer, and scholar. They also give us many important insights into his life and personality, written as they are with rare candour and humour. In this thesis each letter has been carefully and systematically studied and the resulting information used to augment and expand the existing knowledge of Warlock's life and personality, his friendship with Taylor, his music and writings. Because of the wide field which the life and works of Peter Warlock cover, this study has been limited to subjects arising out of the correspondence with Taylor. Where necessary, additional information has been interpolated from other sources, mainly to give a sense of continuity and to explain references which might otherwise seem obscure. For a detailed study of Warlock's music readers are referred to Ian Copley's book, The Music of Peter Warlock, (Dennis Dobson, London, 1979). A definitive biography has yet to be written.

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This thesis presents a series of studies of thermalization and dissipation in a variety of strongly coupled systems. The main tool for these investigations is the Gauge/Gravity duality, which establishes a correspondence between a d+1-dimensional quantum theory of gravity and a d-dimensional quantum field theory. We study the decay rates of fluctuations around the thermal equilibrium in theories in non-commutative geometry. Rapid thermalization of such fluctuations is found and motivates the conjecture that the phenomena at the black hole horizon is described by non-local physics. In the same type of environment, we analyze the Langevin dynamics of a heavy quark, which undergoes Brownian motion. We find that the late-time behavior of the displacement squared is unaffected by the non-commutativity of the geometry. In a different scenario, we study the correlation functions in theories with quantum critical points. We compute the response of these quantum critical points to a disturbance caused by a massive charged particle and analyze its late time behavior. Finally, we analyze systems far-from-equilibrium as they evolve towards a thermal state. We characterize this evolution for systems with chemical potential by focusing on the ``strong subadditivity" property of their entanglement entropy. This is achieved on the gravity side by using time dependent functions for mass and charge in an AdS-Vaydia metric. / text

Femme des lumières, Françoise de Graffigny (1695-1758) a une culture éclectique et occupe une place singulière dans la société de son temps. Autodidacte, lectrice infatigable, salonnière, auteure entre autres des "Lettres d'une Péruvienne", de "Cénie" et de plusieurs petites pièces, elle est admirée par ses contemporains. Membre de la République des Lettres, elle accueille dans son salon une élite culturelle.Dans une première partie, nous analysons et commentons ses références culturelles et ses lectures privilégiées qui ont pu lui servir de source de formation et/ou d'inspiration. Nous découvrons dans les milliers de pages de la correspondance un manuscrit clandestin, qui semble bien annoncer le "Supplément au Voyage de Bougainville" de Diderot. Dans une deuxième partie, nous déchiffrons et annotons les lettres manuscrites inédites de son correspondant François-Antoine Devaux, complétant ainsi l'analyse de la correspondance de Mme de Graffigny en saisissant sur le vif le débat des deux correspondants sur leurs lectures et sur la vie sociale de leur temps. Enfin, dans une troisième partie, nous étudions les idées maitresses de Françoise de Graffigny, féministe, éducatrice, faisant le procès de la jalousie intellectuelle par le biais du portrait sarcastique de Voltaire. Sa correspondance est néanmoins imprégnée par une part d'ombre, par une angoisse existentielle teintée d'ennui, qu'elle parvient à convertir en une affirmation ardente de la joie de vivre qui anticipe sur les idéaux de Rousseau, et cela par delà le désenchantement qui l'oppresse et les ridicules du monde qui l'entoure, c'est le dernier mot de la sagesse de Françoise de Graffigny. / A woman of the Enlightenments, Françoise de Graffigny (1695-1758) had an eclectic culture and occupied a singular situation in the society of her time. Self-taught, indefatigable reader, "salonnière", author among other works of the "Lettres d'une Péruvienne", "Cénie" and severa small plays. She was admirated by her contemporaries. Member of the Republic of Letters, she welcomed the cultural elite in her salon. In the first part, we analyse and comment upon her cultural references and her favourite authors which could serve as a source of education and/or inspiration. We discover in the thousands of pages of the correspondence a clandestine manuscript wich seems announce the Supplément au Voyage de Bougainville" of Diderot. In the second part, we deciphe the unpublished manuscript letters from her correspondent François-Antoine Devaux, thus completing the analysis of Mme de Graffigny's correspondence by commenting on the frame discussions between the two correspondents on their reading and on the social life of their time.Finally, in the third part, we study Françoise de Graffigny's main ideas, her feminist convictions and pedagogical methids, pleading against intellectual jealousy through the sarcastics portrait of Voltaire. Her correspondence ar nevertheless marked by a shadow, by an existential anxiety tinged with boredom that she succeeds in converting into a burning assertion of the joy of life which anticipates Rousseau's ideals and dominates the opressing disenchantment and ridiculousness of the world around her, this joy is the last word of the wisdom of Françoise de Graffigny.

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<p><!-- /* Style Definitions */ p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-parent:""; margin:0cm; margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --><p>Människan har en tydlig tendens att begå det fundamentala attributionsfelet, det vill säga överskatta personlighetsbundna faktorer vid förklarandet av andras beteende. Den aktuella undersökningen genomfördes på en högskola i Mellansverige. Deltagarna fick besvara en enkät utformad i sex olika varianter där betingelserna beteende och person manipulerades. Den aktuella studien visade att fundamentala attributionsfelet till en viss del påverkas av relationer och typ av beteende. En person som utför ett positivt beteende skattas som vänligare och snällare än en person som utför ett negativt beteende. Likaså skattas en väns personlighet som vänligare än en ej omtyckt bekants och en främlings personlighet. Dessa resultat väcker intresset för ytterligare studier om hur relationer påverkar människans uppfattning om individen i andra situationer.</p></p>

Partial constraints are often available in visual processing tasks requiring the matching of contours in two images. We propose a non- iterative scheme to determine contour matches using locally affine transformations. The method assumes that contours are approximated by the orthographic projection of planar patches within oriented neighborhoods of varying size. For degenerate cases, a minimal matching solution is chosen closest to the minimal pure translation. Performance on noisy synthetic and natural contour imagery is reported.

A new noniterative approach to determine displacement vector fields with discontinuities is described. In order to overcome the limitations of current methods, the problem is regarded as a general modelling problem. Starting from a family of regularized estimates, by measuring the difference in description length the compatibility between different levels of regularization is determined. This gives local but noisy evidence of possible model boundaries at multiple scales. With the two constraints of continous lines of discontinuities and the spatial coincidence assumption consistent boundary evidence is found. Based on this combined evidence the model is updated, now describing homogeneous regions with sharp discontinuities.