Abstract not available

Cosmic rays measured by the fluorescence detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory contain two large sources of error; the degree of scatter created by the atmosphere and the amount of Cherenkov contamination that has been recorded by a detector. When an event is viewed in stereo, these two sources of error can be accounted for directly by using the light profiles calculated by the two detectors. In this thesis accounting for the atmospheric scatter was explored by the use of a program called AerosolMin described in Chapter 5. This program could reconstruct the scattering parameters of the atmosphere by comparing the two profiles of the light produced by an air shower, as calculated by two detectors, as they should be identical in size. When using AerosolMin it was found that only the highest energy events ( > 10 [superscipt 20] eV ) could use this technique and that for the event that occurred at the GPS second of 799137161 a layer of fog was present that could not be accounted for with the simplistic atmospheric profile currently used by the reconstruction software. In Chapter 6 the Cherenkov profiles that had been miscalculated by a detector were replaced to increase the reconstruction statistics. The program that performed this replacement, FdCherenkovReplacer was most successful on events that had recorded a large amount of direct Cherenkov light. The event that occurred at the GPS second of 772256331 is explored in Chapter 7. The Coihueco detector that recorded this event was contaminated by direct Cherenkov light, but when replaced by FdCherenovReplacer it was found to have miscalculated the geometry of the event by 0.4 °. / Thesis (M.Sc.)--School of Chemistry and Physics, 2007.

<p>The purpose with this examination is to build a measureequipment to AerotechTelub AB (AT), who will registrate fault in SRAM-memory in contact with cosmic radiation. The equipment will be created around developcard from Memec Design with FPGA from Xilinx. The logic in the FPGA will be implemented with the hardwaredescribed language VHDL. The SRAM-memory that will be tested is build in CMOS-teknologi. The memorycells will be loaded with a predecided bitpattern. Changes in the memorycells will be registrated together with the adress where the fault came up. </p><p>The equipment will be used of AT at the measuring they use to do in special laboratories that can give cosmic radiation.</p>

Studying the acceleration and propagation mechanisms of Galactic cosmic rays can provide information regarding astrophysical sources, the properties of our Galaxy, and possible exotic sources such as dark matter. To understand cosmic ray acceleration and propagation mechanisms, accurate measurements of different cosmic ray elements over a wide energy range are needed. The PAMELA experiment is a satellite-borne apparatus which allows different cosmic ray species to be identified over background. Measurements of the cosmic ray antiproton flux and the antiproton-to-proton flux ratio from 1.5 GeV to 180 GeV are presented in this thesis, employing the data collected between June 2006 and December 2008. Compared to previous experiments, PAMELA extends the energy range of antiproton measurements and provides significantly higher statistics. During about 800 days of data collection, PAMELA identified approximately 1300 antiprotons including 61 above 31.7 GeV. A dramatic improvement of statistics is evident since only 2 events above 30 GeV are reported by previous experiments. The derived antiproton flux and antiproton-to-proton flux ratio are consistent with previous measurements and generally considered to be produced as secondary products when cosmic ray protons and helium nuclei interact with the interstellar medium. To constrain cosmic ray acceleration and propagation models, the antiproton data measured by PAMELA were further used together with the proton spectrum reported by PAMELA, as well as the B/C data provided by other experiments. Statistical tools were interfaced with the cosmic ray propagation package GALPROP to perform the constraining analyses. Different diffusion models were studied. It was shown in this work that only current PAMELA data, i.e. the antiproton-to-proton ratio and the proton flux, are not able to place strong constraints on propagation parameters. Diffusion models with a linear diffusion coefficient and modified diffusion models with a low energy dependence of the diffusion coefficient were studied in the $\chi^{2}$ study. Uncertainties on the parameters and the goodness of fit of each model were given. Some models are further studied using the Bayesian inference. Posterior means and errors of the parameters base on our prior knowledge on them were obtained in the Bayesian framework. This method also allowed us to understand the correlation between parameters and compare models. Since the B/C ratio used in this analysis is from experiments other than PAMELA, future PAMELA secondary-to-primary ratios (B/C, $^{2}$H/$^{4}$He and $^{3}$He/$^{4}$He) can be used to avoid the data sets inconsistencies between different experiments and to minimize uncertainties on the solar modulation parameters. More robust and tighter constraints are expected. The statistical techniques have been demonstrated useful to constrain models and can be extended to other observations, e.g. electrons, positrons, gamma rays etc. Using these channels, exotic contributions from, for example, dark matter will be further investigated in future. / QC 20120523

The purpose with this examination is to build a measureequipment to AerotechTelub AB (AT), who will registrate fault in SRAM-memory in contact with cosmic radiation. The equipment will be created around developcard from Memec Design with FPGA from Xilinx. The logic in the FPGA will be implemented with the hardwaredescribed language VHDL. The SRAM-memory that will be tested is build in CMOS-teknologi. The memorycells will be loaded with a predecided bitpattern. Changes in the memorycells will be registrated together with the adress where the fault came up. The equipment will be used of AT at the measuring they use to do in special laboratories that can give cosmic radiation.

When astronauts travel in space, they are exposed to high energy cosmic radiations. The cosmic ray spectrum contains very high energy particles, generally up to several GeV per nucleon. Currently NASA is funding research on the effects, such as acute radiation sickness, of cosmic radiation. Animal models are used to conduct the studies of radiation effects of particles in the range of several MeV/nucleon to about 1000 MeV/nucleon. In order to compare different radiations, the biological effectiveness relative to a specific radiation is usually used. For low energy heavy ions and neutrons 250 keV photons are usually used for the reference radiation but their depth dose distribution is very different from that for cosmic rays. In this research, the advantages of using high energy electrons as the reference radiation for research on cosmic radiation were demonstrated. The conclusion is based on the evaluation of the dose distributions and microdosimetric spectra of the electrons and high energy protons as a function of depth in a tissue equivalent absorber as determined by Geant4 simulation.

<p>Ett identifierat riskområde inom hälso- och sjukvården är hantering av läkemedel och för att höja patientensäkerheten bör läkemedelshanteringen säkerställas. Vi har i en kvalitativ studie genom att använda flera olika metoder, så kallad triangulering, undersökt och beskrivit processen delning av läkemedel inom slutenvården. Vårt syfte var att identifiera risker och förbättringsmöjligheter och genom en fallstudie på två vårdavdelningar har vi kunnat identifiera skillnader i arbetssätt mellan vårdavdelningarna men också mellan sjuksköterskorna. För informationshantering i processen använder sig båda vårdavdelningarna av läkemedelsmodulen i vårdinformationssystemet Cosmic. Delningsprocessen på de studerade vårdavdelningarna fungerar bra men vi har kunnat identifiera förbättringsmöjligheter i den tekniska utrustningen, det vårdadministrativa systemet samt i organisationen och dess kvalitetsarbete. För att uppnå en hög patientsäkerhet är det av stor vikt att informationsflödet fungerar optimalt i delsystemen och i relationen mellan dem vilket kan uppnås genom en övergripande kvalitetssäkring där ett systemsynsätt appliceras. Med ett effektivt ledningssystem kan organisationer arbeta med ständiga förbättringar och prioritera de ur patientsäkerhetssynpunkt viktigaste åtgärderna.</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Astronomy & Astrophysics, August 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, August 2001. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.