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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:19:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Antonio Carlos Vilela.pdf: 1562012 bytes, checksum: 6336ba47d980fb5d06f60391e0fc9e7f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-06-09 / This study has had as objective, the identification of the main factors responsible for the loss of competitiveness in the Brazilian?s printing and coated industry. Coated wood free. For this identification was applied a strategy of data evaluation through structured interviews with four professionals with experience in the Paper Sector. It was used information issued in articles, magazines, dissertations, newspapers and on top of that primary and secondary data from the Pulp and Paper Sector were used, specifically the coated wood free for printing segment. The study had as assumption that there was loss of competitiveness in the Brazilian market, and the main factor responsible for this loss could be attributed to a systemic factor, the exchange rate. There was an increase of importation and reduction of exportation in the period of the study. The main factors identified in the interviews in sequence of importance and according to the interviewers were; exchange rate, the illegal usage of duty free operation during the importation and the lack of update the industrial equipments in the Brazilian Mills The currency, as a main factor of competitiveness loss for the Coated paper sector and it was confirmed through the evaluation of secondary figures of importation grow and exportation reduction in the period of 2003 till 2008. Other factor, the illegal usage of duty free operation during the importation, was based only in the perception of the interviewers; there were no dada available due to the subjectivity of this topic. The third factor, the lack of update the industrial equipments in the Brazilian Mills appointed during the interviews. It could be confirmed in the analyze of the world?s fastest paper machines and more competitive in the world in comparison with Brazilian?s paper machines which speed are very far from the more competitive machines in the world. The Brazil is not even mentioned in this article of machines caparison. When the factors that determine the competitiveness of printing coated papers are analyzed in group, the conclusion is that Brazil is not competitive in this segment due to several business factors. The currency that is a systemic factor and appears in the periods of currency valuation works in the process of exposure of the low competitiveness already existent. / Este trabalho teve como objetivo identificar os principais fatores que levaram a ind?stria brasileira de papel de imprimir revestido, o Couch?, ? perda de competitividade. Para identifica??o desses fatores foi aplicada a estrat?gia de an?lise de dados atrav?s da realiza??o de entrevista estruturada com quatro profissionais experientes ligados ao setor de pap?is, informa??es publicadas em artigos, revistas, teses e disserta??es, alem dos dados prim?rios e secund?rios do setor de celulose e papel, especificamente os do segmento do papel de imprimir revestidos ? o Couch?. Dentro deste objetivo foi adotada a suposi??o de que houve perda de competitividade no mercado brasileiro, e que um dos principais fatores da perda desta competitividade poderia ser atribu?do a um fator sist?mico, o cambio, havendo aumento das importa??es e redu??o das exporta??es no per?odo estudado. Os principais fatores identificados nas entrevistas, por ordem de import?ncia e segundo os entrevistados, foram: o cambio, a pr?tica desleal de isen??o tribut?ria e a falta de atualiza??o do parque industrial brasileiro. O cambio, como principal fator de perda de competitividade do setor de pap?is revestidos, pode ser corroborado atrav?s da an?lise dos dados secund?rios de importa??o crescente e exporta??o declinante no per?odo analisado de 2003 a 2008. O outro fator de pr?tica desleal da isen??o tribut?ria ficou apenas na percep??o dos entrevistados, n?o havendo dados dispon?veis para sua avalia??o pelo pr?prio grau de subjetividade deste tema. O terceiro fator de perda de competitividade apontado nas entrevistas foi a falta de atualiza??o do parque industrial brasileiro. Isto pode ser confirmado pela an?lise dos dados das m?quinas de papel mais velozes e competitivas do mundo em compara??o com as do Brasil, cujas velocidades est?o muito aqu?m das mais competitivas do mundo. O Brasil n?o ? sequer citado no artigo comparativo. Quando os fatores determinantes da competitividade dos pap?is de imprimir revestidos s?o analisados em conjunto, observa-se que o Brasil n?o ? competitivo neste segmento devido a diversos fatores empresarias. Quando a quest?o cambial, que ? um fator sist?mico, aparece em per?odos de valoriza??o cambial, este somente exp?e e agrava mais ainda esta baixa competitividade existente.

A medical examination couch is a primary piece of equipment in the health care delivery system. Unfortunately, the current design of examination couches used by Australian general and nursing practitioners is inadequate. Incompatibility of the couches with physical (anthropometric) dimensions and a majority of medical procedures contribute to risks of Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs) or musculoskeletal problems among practitioner-users. The inappropriate height, width and gynaecological attachments of the existing couches also cause patient discomfort. This research aimed to develop a new examination couch design in order to improve practitioners' effectiveness, efficiency, health and safety while enhancing patient comfort. Ergonomics and user inclusivity were implemented in the vital stages of the couch development process. Practitioner and patient surveys, reviews of patient positions, medical procedures and equipment, Hierarchical Task Analysis (HTA) and an ergonomic analysis of couches in the Australian market were conducted to develop design criteria. The design criteria development demonstrated that adjustable height, head, body and foot sections were the major features, and adjustable gynaecological footpads and instrument placement (drawers) were the most important attachments. A wide variety of anthropometric data was applied to the development of design specifications and adjustments. To produce a prototype for a new examination couch design developed from the ergonomic research and initial user surveys, the researcher collaborated with a medical couch manufacturer, Metron Medical Australia Pty Ltd. Through this collaboration, the developed criteria and specifications were applied to actual production processes. User trials (a focus group, practitioner and patient surveys and personal communication) were conducted to investigate the effectiveness and efficiency of the couch prototype in a real clinical environment. From the trials, modifications to particular couch features were identified if they were considered difficult to operate, unnecessary or uncomfortable for patients. For example, the mechanism of the gynaecological footpads, which comprised three different adjustment controls, had to be simplified in order to avoid confusion and time consumption. The footpads had also to be equipped with straps or half a shoe to increase patient comfort and security. The collaborating manufacturer will need to adapt the design modifications from the user trials and conduct more extensive engineering research and value analysis for a final production couch model. Nevertheless, this research succesfully demonstrated the significance of ergonomics and user-centred design in developing design criteria more effectively, detecting usability problems before the couch is brought to the market, and in saving the manufacturer's overall product development costs.

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Total body irradiation is the irradiation of the entire patient as a conditioning for bone marrow transplants. The conditioning process involves destroying the bone marrow allowing for repopulation of the donor bone marrow cells, suppression of the immune system to allow stop graft rejection, and to eliminate the cancer cell population within the patient. Studies have been done demonstrating the importance of TBI conditioning for BMT5. A range of TBI treatment techniques exist, this department uses a bi-lateral technique which requires bolus packed around the patient to simplify the geometry of the treatment. This investigation will focus on one technique which involves using a translating bed. This technique effectively scans a radiation beam over the patient as the bed moves through the beam. Other investigations on translating beds concentrated on varying the scan speed to achieve a dose uniformity to within ±5%. The recommendations quote a dose uniformity of +5% and -10% as acceptable⁹. The dose uniformity in these investigations was along the midline in the longitudinal direction only. This investigation varied field size to achieve dose uniformity to within ±2.5% along the midline of an anthropomorphic phantom. The goal was to determine if a dynamic multi-leaf collimator could be used to give a uniform in the transverse direction as well as the longitudinal direction. An advantage of utilizing the DMLC for this treatment is the ability to shield organs at risk, i.e. lungs and kidneys, without requiring resources to produce shielding blocks14. Gafchromic-EBT film18 was used as a dosimeter but gave unreliable results due to the lack of film scanning equipment with an appropriate sensitivity for reading the dose to the film. Scans were simulated using Xio treatment planning software. The results from the simulations gave a more reliable indication of the absorbed dose to the midline of the phantom. The disadvantage of this varying field size technique was the time and complexity involved in creating a treatment plan. Within the Xio software exists a limit on the number of beams allowed to be applied in a single plan. There is a maximum of 99 beams allowed which is not enough for complete coverage of a patient. A way around this is to increase the field sizes and decrease the scan speed. This option was not investigated. The advantage of this technique was the increased dose uniformity (±2.5%) in comparison to the varying scan speed techniques (±5%). This technique also allows the patient to be unencumbered during the treatment making the process more comfortable for them.

The title of my thesis is appropriately borrowed from a romance novel title, as my work proposes to mine the content, design and culture of romance novels and other erotic texts in order to excavate my own queer romance narrative. The body of work includes large-scale drawings of “stand-in boyfriends” stolen from romance novel covers, pieced fabric text works based on the titles of erotic texts, and a couch covered in erotic reading material. Drawing attention to the ubiquity of heterosexualized images and texts by deconstructing them, my work critically questions larger social constructions of normality and deviance, pleasure and disturbance, and high and low culture, as they pertain to ideas of love, romance and sexuality.

Total body irradiation is the irradiation of the entire patient as a conditioning for bone marrow transplants. The conditioning process involves destroying the bone marrow allowing for repopulation of the donor bone marrow cells, suppression of the immune system to allow stop graft rejection, and to eliminate the cancer cell population within the patient. Studies have been done demonstrating the importance of TBI conditioning for BMT5. A range of TBI treatment techniques exist, this department uses a bi-lateral technique which requires bolus packed around the patient to simplify the geometry of the treatment. This investigation will focus on one technique which involves using a translating bed. This technique effectively scans a radiation beam over the patient as the bed moves through the beam. Other investigations on translating beds concentrated on varying the scan speed to achieve a dose uniformity to within ±5%. The recommendations quote a dose uniformity of +5% and -10% as acceptable⁹. The dose uniformity in these investigations was along the midline in the longitudinal direction only. This investigation varied field size to achieve dose uniformity to within ±2.5% along the midline of an anthropomorphic phantom. The goal was to determine if a dynamic multi-leaf collimator could be used to give a uniform in the transverse direction as well as the longitudinal direction. An advantage of utilizing the DMLC for this treatment is the ability to shield organs at risk, i.e. lungs and kidneys, without requiring resources to produce shielding blocks14. Gafchromic-EBT film18 was used as a dosimeter but gave unreliable results due to the lack of film scanning equipment with an appropriate sensitivity for reading the dose to the film. Scans were simulated using Xio treatment planning software. The results from the simulations gave a more reliable indication of the absorbed dose to the midline of the phantom. The disadvantage of this varying field size technique was the time and complexity involved in creating a treatment plan. Within the Xio software exists a limit on the number of beams allowed to be applied in a single plan. There is a maximum of 99 beams allowed which is not enough for complete coverage of a patient. A way around this is to increase the field sizes and decrease the scan speed. This option was not investigated. The advantage of this technique was the increased dose uniformity (±2.5%) in comparison to the varying scan speed techniques (±5%). This technique also allows the patient to be unencumbered during the treatment making the process more comfortable for them.

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Perennial weed creeping thistle and couch-grass were controlled for tree year period in Prepychy village (Rychnov nad Kneznou district). Stubble breaking had cardinal effect on regeneration of hypogenous vegetative organs both wedd and endorsed their appearance. Following ploughing and ground reproduction before seeding didn´t control these weed. In chemical control section was tested an effectiveness of 22 herbicides. Creeping thistle showed the highest sensitivity against the majority of herbicides in growth phase F4 (stalk height 20 cm). Results of experiments showed an importance of application a.i. glyphosate in perennial weed control system. In winter wheat vegetation showed herbicides Husar and Lontrel 300 the highest effect against creeping thistle. Broad-leaved crops give a possibility to use graminicides against couch-grass. Graminicides Fusilade Forte 150 EC and Gallant Super shown the highest effect against couch-grass.

Weed infestation of the arable land by persistent weeds is serious problem today. Very dangerous species occuring in all crops, not just only on the arable land, is "Elytrigia repens". It's spread is connected with decrease the level of tillage and with reduction of agrotechnical measures. The target of my thesis is to broadening of knowledges and to suggest other possible solutions of regulation of the occurrence of "Elytrigia repens". SO we did an herbicidal attempt at "Triticum aestivum", which was focused on chemical regulation of this weed. There were used three herbicidal products in different variants. Using of herbicidal products reduces the occurrence of weed species.