Syftet med studien är att öka kunskapen om kuratorers arbete med HIV- positiva personer, både vid beskedet och det fortsatta livet som HIV- positiv. Den medicinska forskningen om HIV går hela tiden framåt och i dagsläget är en HIV- diagnos inte en dödsdom vilket det var förr. Nu är den stora utmaningen för HIV- positiva personer att lära sig leva med HIV och där finns det stort behov av stöd. Dessvärre är den psykosociala forskningen om HIV inte alls lika utbredd som den medicinska.                                                                                                 Denna studie har genomförts genom sex kvalitativa intervjuer med kuratorer på tre olika mottagningar för HIV- positiva personer vidare har två kompletterande intervjuer genomförts med terapeuter på en organisation för HIV- positiva personer. Resultatet av denna studie visar att endast en av sex kuratorer vanligtvis medverkar vid beskedet. Kontaktspårning är den mest framträdande arbetsuppgiften, men det psykosociala omhändertagandet prioriteras av samtliga kuratorer. Kuratorerna upplever sitt arbete och betydelse som viktigt, allra mest för de patienter som inte har ett socialt nätverk eller någon närstående att prata med. Vidare visar studien att kuratorerna upplever de sociala konsekvenserna som svårare än de medicinska konsekvenserna som HIV medför. Slutsatsen är att kuratorerna arbetar med kontaktspårning, motivationsarbete och stöd. Kuratorerna anser att de har tid och möjlighet att tillgodose patienternas behov. Men rollen som sjukhuskurator visar sig innebära en del begränsningar innefattande bland annat begränsade öppettider, tidskrävande obligatoriska arbetsuppgifter som kontaktspårning. Kuratorerna hänvisar ibland till andra instanser som exempelvis organisationer om de anser att det finns resurser där som de själva inte kan erbjuda. Vidare visar studien att HIV- positiva personer upplever en mängd hinder i samhället. En del av dem är svåra för kuratorerna att ändra på då de kräver en attitydsförändring i samhället. Kuratorernas arbete och betydelse är oerhört viktig, framförallt för de patienter som isolerar sig från omgivningen och lever själva med HIV. För dessa personer är kuratorn den enda kontakten att tala med. / This study aims toincrease knowledge about counselors work with HIV-positiveindividuals, both while the news isbeing delivered and afterwards. Themedical research on HIV is constantly moving forward and in the current situation an HIV diagnosis is not adeath sentence like it wasbefore. The great challenge isnow for HIV-positiveindividuals to learn to live withtheir HIV andwhere there is great need of assistance. Unfortunately, the psychosocial research on HIV is not nearly as widespreadas the medical.                                                         This study was carried out by sixqualitative interviews with counselorsat three different clinics for HIV -positive people. Twoadditional interviews with therapists havebeen implemented in an organization for HIV-positive people. Theresults of this study show that onlyone of six counselors usually is involved in the delivery of the news to HIV- positive persons. Contacttracing is thepreeminent duty, but psychosocial care is priority for all counselors. Counselorsperceive their work and importance asmajor, most important for thosepatients who do not have a social network or a close person to talk to. The study also shows that the counselors are experiencing the social consequences as more severe than the medicalconsequences that HIV causes.                                                                                                                   The conclusionsof this study are that the counselors are working with contacttracing, motivational work and support. Counselors feel that they have time and opportunity to meet the needs of their patients. But it turns outto be some limitations for thecounselors working at hospitals. That involves limited hours, timeconsuming tasks thatrequired contacttracing. Counselors sometimes refer to other agencies suchas organizations if they believe thatthere are tasks they cannot offer. Furthermore, the study shows that HIV-positive people experience a variety of barriers in society and some of them are difficult for counselors to change becausethey require a change of attitude in society. Counselors workand importance isincredibly important, especially for those patients who isolate themselvesfrom the society. For those people,the counselor is the only person they might speak to.

Text in Afrikaans / This study was aimed at the development of a multicultural counselling model for tertiary education with the emphasis on experiential learning and integration on all levels. Although the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) is prescriptive about the outcomes concerning multicultural involvement it does not clearly prescribe experiential learning - causing educational institutions to underplay experiential learning. Ignorance exists about multiculturalism in training programmes. Educational institutions often implement programmes randomly without proper consideration of the multicultural needs of the student population. People from different cultures often experience the caregiver as having little understanding and respect for diverse cultures, often leading to the early termination and inaccessibility of professional services. To provide guidelines to educational institutions about multicultural counselling training, the researcher provided a paradigmatic perspective as foundation to the drafting of a counselling model for training. The Grounded Theory was used to obtain scientifically based information about the multicultural counselling training phenomenon in South Africa as well as the development of a multicultural counselling model for tertiary education. People in professional services were interviewed and compared to literature, whereafter all applicable concepts, principles, processes and elements grounded in the paradigmatic perspective were examined, identified and coded as components of the multicultural counselling model, with the aid of a core category, categories and subcategories. Henceforth a multicultural counselling model for training was developed. The central thesis of the research is that the multicultural counsellor has certain skills that stem from the training received at South African educational institutions, which does not necessarily encompass the concept of multiculturalism. It therefore does not equip the student to successfully help patients from a diverse culture. This problem can be intercepted through a training model with appropriate components of multiculturalism in the curriculum of educational institutions in South Africa. Conclusions and recommendations were made according to the Grounded Theory. The findings of the scientific procedure were evaluated according to reliability as well as the criteria of Chinn en Kramer (1991). Answers were obtained through scientific reasoning and empirical research to produce a model for the implementation of multicultural training within the context of South African educational institutions. / Social Work / D. Diac. (Play Therapy)

Text in Afrikaans / This study was aimed at the development of a multicultural counselling model for tertiary education with the emphasis on experiential learning and integration on all levels. Although the South African Qualifications Authority (SAQA) is prescriptive about the outcomes concerning multicultural involvement it does not clearly prescribe experiential learning - causing educational institutions to underplay experiential learning. Ignorance exists about multiculturalism in training programmes. Educational institutions often implement programmes randomly without proper consideration of the multicultural needs of the student population. People from different cultures often experience the caregiver as having little understanding and respect for diverse cultures, often leading to the early termination and inaccessibility of professional services. To provide guidelines to educational institutions about multicultural counselling training, the researcher provided a paradigmatic perspective as foundation to the drafting of a counselling model for training. The Grounded Theory was used to obtain scientifically based information about the multicultural counselling training phenomenon in South Africa as well as the development of a multicultural counselling model for tertiary education. People in professional services were interviewed and compared to literature, whereafter all applicable concepts, principles, processes and elements grounded in the paradigmatic perspective were examined, identified and coded as components of the multicultural counselling model, with the aid of a core category, categories and subcategories. Henceforth a multicultural counselling model for training was developed. The central thesis of the research is that the multicultural counsellor has certain skills that stem from the training received at South African educational institutions, which does not necessarily encompass the concept of multiculturalism. It therefore does not equip the student to successfully help patients from a diverse culture. This problem can be intercepted through a training model with appropriate components of multiculturalism in the curriculum of educational institutions in South Africa. Conclusions and recommendations were made according to the Grounded Theory. The findings of the scientific procedure were evaluated according to reliability as well as the criteria of Chinn en Kramer (1991). Answers were obtained through scientific reasoning and empirical research to produce a model for the implementation of multicultural training within the context of South African educational institutions. / Social Work / D. Diac. (Play Therapy)