The utilization of counseling services by Black college students has been a focus of the help seeking literature. The help seeking literature has focused on the nature of the potential problem, attitude toward counseling, rank of potential helpers, characteristics of help seekers, and the characteristics that Black students most prefer when choosing to see a counselor. The majority of this literature has primarily focused on the differences between White and Black students while ignoring within group differences. The present study examined the help seeking attitude and counselor preference of Black college students. The following hypotheses were investigated: a) whether African self-consciousness, socioeconomic status, sex, cultural mistrust, and prior counseling experience would predict attitudes toward counseling, b) whether African selfconsciousness, sex, socioeconomic status, prior counseling , and cultural mistrust would predict counselor preference for personal concerns, c) whether African self-consciousness, sex, socioeconomic status, prior counseling , and cultural mistrust would predict counselor preference for educational/vocational concerns, and d)whether African selfconsciousness, sex, socioeconomic status, prior counseling , and cultural mistrust would predict counselor preference for environmental concerns.A regression analysis using SPSS revealed that socioeconomic status, sex, and cultural mistrust were statistically significant predictors of attitude toward counseling. Three separate canonical correlations revealed that African self-consciousness, cultural mistrust, and gender were significant predictors of race and gender preferences for personal, educational /vocational, and environmental concerns experienced by Black students. Generally, Black students who were culturally committed, as measured by African self-consciousness, preferred a Black female counselor when faced with personal, educational/vocational, or environmental concerns while those Black students who were less mistrustful preferred a White female counselor for these same concerns. Limitations and implications for theory, practice, and research of the findings are discussed / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services

Professional ice hockey players from the International Hockey League (IHL) were asked to complete an 87 item nutrition survey. The survey reviewed sports supplement use, hydration, nutrition beliefs and practices, and asked from whom athletes obtain nutrition information. The survey was available in English and Russian.This study found the nutrition practices of ice hockey players to be similar to those reported of other team sports. The ice hockey players were likely to believe sports nutrition myths, especially those regarding the use of protein and amino acids. In addition, the subjects routinely experimented with sports supplements. The majority of subjects reported having tried new sports supplements at least once per season.Nutrition information sources were most frequently teammates, athletic trainers, and the media. Registered dietitians were not widely reported as a nutrition information resource as the majority of the athletes did not have access to a registered dietitian.Given the nutrition beliefs and practices of the athletes surveyed, it is clear the athletes would benefit from nutrition education specific to the sport of ice hockey. More research is needed to establish actual nutrient intake. Other studies focusing on nutrition knowledge of athletic trainers and other cited nutrition resources would also be beneficial. / Department of Family and Consumer Sciences

The purpose of the present study was threefold. First, to investigate Icelandic and American students' counseling expectations. Second, to study counseling expectations of men and women. And finally, to explore the relationship between counseling expectations and Holland's typology. Eight-hundred-and-one useable responses were gathered from the students. To explore the first two objectives, a 2 (Nationality: Icelandic and American) x 2 (Sex: men and women) between subjects multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) was calculated with prior counseling experience as a covariate and scores on the three factor scales of the Expectations About Counseling Questionnaire-Brief Form (EAC-B) as the dependent variables. It was found that the Icelandic students expected greater expertise from the counselor than did the American students. It was also discovered that women, as compared to men, expected to be more personally committed to the counseling process, whereas men expected more counselor expertise.To investigate the third objective, a canonical correlation analysis was performed using responses to the three factor scales of the EAC-B as the predictors and scores on the six Holland's types (RIASEC) as the criterion. It was found that counseling expectations were significantly related to Holland's typology. That is, the more Social persons were the more they expected to be personally committed to counseling and the less counselor expertise they expected. Also, the more Realistic persons were the greater their expectations about counselor expertise and the lower their expectations about being personally committed to counseling. On the whole, it appeared that Icelandic students' counseling expectations resembled expectations of persons with no past counseling experience, counseling expectations of men, counseling expectations of some minority groups, and counseling expectations of individuals who tend to posses Realistic personality characteristics. Namely, expecting direction and guidance from an expert counselor. On the other hand, women and persons who tended to be Social expected less guidance from the counselor and expected to be greatly involved in the counseling process. Results were discussed in relation to past findings in the expectancy literature, the validity of the expectancy construct, and the need for unique counseling interventions to meet the needs of diverse multicultural groups. / Department of Counseling Psychology and Guidance Services