This thesis examines continuity and change in the three Black Country localities of Pensnett, Tipton and Sedgley between 1945 and c1970. The dominant historiography of the period suggests that the prosperity of post-war British society, the safety-net of state welfare provision and unprecedented levels of consumer spending mostly eradicated the inter-war behaviour patterns of individuals, families and communities. Utilising the oral testimony of sixty residents from the three localities, and supplemented by a range of primary sources, the thesis demonstrates that growing affluence impacted only marginally upon the customary social mores of the lowermiddle and working-class inhabitants. Whilst aspirations to new housing and increased consumption affected perceptions of status and social standing, the economic strategies of the pre-war period prevailed. The thesis evaluates the effect of affluence upon earning, spending and saving. It questions assumptions that the support of kinship networks, matrilocality and community cohesion disappeared as slums were replaced with new housing estates. It demonstrates that the Welfare State impacted little upon attitudes to income and employment and that the wages derived from formal employment were augmented by informal work, penny-capitalist ventures and illicit activities. It shows that despite embracing the consumer society, families within these localities adhered to traditional methods of shopping and the financing of consumption. The thesis challenges the work of a range of historians who have emphasised change over continuity in characterisations of British society in the post-war period and endorses Hoggart’s claims that despite post-war innovations “old habits persist”

In this master’s final paper are formulated the problems of very rapidly changeable social processes and created the country communities influence to the ability of community members to adapt for the new conditions; It analyzed and systematized the different Lithuania’s and foreign author’s theoretical and practical research into the country community and social tension. The paper presents a detailed analysis of legal acts of Lithuania which are forming the social policy of the country. The main purpose of this research is an analysis of country communities’ influence to the social tension through the peculiarity of building up Lithuania’s country communities now. In order to reach this objective it was used the quantitative research, closed type questionnaire. There were found-out the main, social tensions, taking part in the country and, also, the influence of country’s community reducing these tensions. Moreover the author’s formulated hypothesis was proved that activity of recently launched organizations in the country is pointed to concentrate communities’ population to reduce theirs tensions. However nowadays country’s communities do not have significant influence to the process of solving population’s social problems. The results and conclusions of this research present the fact that it is essential to enhance the proceeding of newly launched country’s communities in order to increase the life quality of all communities and to reduce their social tenses.