Japan launched the new Course of Study in April 2012, which has been carried out in elementary schools and junior high schools. It will also be implemented in senior high schools from April 2013. This article presents an overview of the information studies education in the new Course of Study for K-12. Besides, the authors point out what role experts of informatics and information studies education should play in the general education centered around information studies that is meant to help people of the nation to lead an active, powerful, and flexible life until the satisfying end.

The aim of this master thesis is to create a course of study "Management in education" for pedagogical managers. The course of study will be recommended to FM VŠE v Praze and it will follow the standards of MŠMT ČR. The output will be a booklet for potential applicants.

No description available.

No description available.

In view of the increasing global challenge of bacterial resistance, there exists an urgent need for the rationale development of antibacterial compounds with either novel or multiple mechanisms of action. Two chalcone-derivatives, F1 and F23, demonstrated MICs within the range of 16 to >512 μg/ml against two plant pathogens (P. caratovoram and C. michiganensis subsp. michiganensis) as well as important clinical bacterial species. Both compounds displayed an MIC of 32 μg/ml against quinolone-resistant S. aureus. Whilst possessing weak activities individually, each semi-synthetic agent displayed notable synergistic action with polymyxin B against S. aureus, C. violaceum, E. coli and Ps. aeruginosa, thereby recording FICs within the range of <0.093 to 2 that indicated the existence of synergism in some instance. These chalcone compounds applied with polymyxin B displayed a notable FICindex of <0.093 against the Neisseriaceae C. violaceum, and a potential noteworthy capacity to extend the spectrum of activity of the latter antibiotic to include Gram-positive S. aureus species. F1 inhibited staphylococcal replication in broth and the combination of either of both chalcone-derivatives with polymyxin B instituted a metabolic blockage in S. aureus and other bacterial species as determined through a modified MTT reduction assay. The combined agents inflicted major disruptions to the S. aureus cytoplasmic membrane bilayer as evidenced by the release of intracellular potassium as well as the influx of Sytox Green fluorescent stain. Notable levels of cell membrane potential dissipation, leakage of intracellular potassium ions and blockage of reducing enzymes activities occurred within the first 30 minutes, well in advance of significant loss in cell viability that was recorded usually after 4 – 8 hours, suggesting these activities were prerequisites to cell death. In erythrocyte lysis assay, the synergistic combinations of 128 μg/ml of either of both chalcone derivatives with 128 μg/ml polymyxin B displayed the lowest degree of haemolysis, followed by that occurring with 32 μg/ml of the chalcone-derivatives combined with 256 μg/ml of the polypeptide antibiotic. In conclusion, further structure activity modifications aimed at improving the aqueous solubility of these chalcone-derivatives as well as the antibacterial activity recorded for certain combination concentrations of polymyxin B with either of these semi-synthetic agents may be required before considerations are made for the possibility for potential external formulations. Such preparations may include antiseptic creams, lotions, ointments, as well as aerosols that can be applied with nebulizers in targeted delivery for such cases like cystic fibrosis.

Comment définir ce que l’on appelle communément la «calligraphie» telle que celle-ci est pratiquée en Asie de l’est, et notamment au Japon ? Voilà la question première qui a motivé notre travail. L’éducation « calligraphique » fait partie des programmes de l’école japonaise depuis la fondation du système scolaire moderne. Dans la mesure où plus de quatre-vingt-dix pourcent des enfants poursuivent désormais leur scolarité jusqu’au lycée, on peut penser que le type d’enseignement reçu à travers ces années d’études contribue à former l’idée que la population se fait de la « calligraphie ». Aussi avons-nous décidé d’aborder notre sujet de réflexion en observant comment l’État définissait l’éducation « calligraphique » à travers les programmes scolaires. Dans le prolongement de travaux précédents, nous avons d’abord examiné la période déterminante de l’occupation américaine, envisageant les rapports de force des divers acteurs engagés dans l’élaboration des curricula. Nous avons ensuite analysé en détail les versions successives des directives éducatives nationales. Nous nous sommes plus particulièrement intéressé aux choix effectués par les concepteurs des programmes entre « calligraphie » utilitaire et artistique. / How can we define what is commonly called “calligraphy” in the Asian context, and in particular, in Japan? That is the basic question from which our research started. “Calligraphy” education has been included in school curricula since the foundation of the modern school system in Japan. Today, more than ninety percent of Japanese children go through senior high-school. Therefore, we can assume that the education received during these school years influence the way the people apprehends calligraphy. For that reason, we chose to study the definition of calligraphy as elaborated by the Japanese State through the school programs. Continuing the work we had already done in that field on the pre-war era, we first took a close look at the period of the American Occupation, examining the struggle between the different parties involved in the design of the curriculum. We then proceeded with a thorough analysis of the successive versions of the National course of study, focusing particularly on the choices made by curricula designers, between utilitarian and artistic calligraphy.

1 Theoretische Grundlage des scaffoldings 2 Scaffolding in der Geographie 3 Unterschiedliche Wege führen ans (Lern-)Ziel