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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

On The Coloring of Graphs

Kurt, Oguz January 2009 (has links)
No description available.
2

Estabelecimento de Leguminosas em Pastagens de Brachiaria humidicola: Varia??es Sazonais de Atributos do Dossel Vegetativo / Establishment of Legume in Pastures of Brachiaria humidicola: Seasonal Changes of Attributes of the Sward

Ribeiro, Roberta Cristiane 12 September 2006 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:59:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-Roberta Cristiane Ribeiro.pdf: 1282161 bytes, checksum: 5e7174cb11915976886dd9494c3fb2d5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-09-12 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / In the way to improve the agronomic indexes and animal science of acting in the pastures cultivated on State of Rio de Janeiro soils, it`s needing a deeper studies to evaluate the impact of forage legumes in those ecosystems introduction. Seeking to contribute in that direction, an experiment was installed aiming at research the effects with different introduction methods of forage legumes in a pasture forage grass in monoculture. The work hypothesis was the treatments of nature chemical or mechanical that reduces the growth in the established grass, will have favorable effects on the establishment and persistence forage legume. The work was accomplished in the experimental field of Forage study, in the Institute animal science, the Universidade Federal Rural of Rio de Janeiro, from November/2003 to Abril/2005. The studied forage legumes were estilosantes cv. Campo Grande and desm?dio (Desmodium ovalifolium Wall cv. Itabela), installed into grass pasture of Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweickt. The introduction methods compared were: i) herbicide (Glyphosate, 0,75%, V/L), one day before the planting; ii) with grass mechanical cut; iii) planting in furrows and; iv) prepare soil with use of harrowing, being used a design was a randomized block, with four repetitions. The growth of the forage legumes in the several swards formed after the installation of the treatments, it was accompanied through count of the plants number and plants height, frequency estimates, absolute and relative, of grass and legume in the sward, and the Index of Leaf Area. Together, they were made evaluations of interception photosynthetically active radiation and degree of covering of the sward mixed pasture. The contribution forage legume to the production forage mass, green and dry, was done through cuts, to the 157 and 430 days after seeding. The mixed with estilosantes cv. Campo Grande didn't prosper, due the failure in the germination and or plants emergency of the forage legume. In contrast, in the mixed case between the braqui?ria and the desm?dio specie, the initial hypothesis was confirmed fully, once all the introduction methods allowed the establishment and permanence forage legume in the grass pasture. Specifically, for this associate, it was ended that to foment a fast covering of the soil, the most suitable treatments are the harrowing and weeds (mechanical cut), while to harmonize his associate, protecting the persistence of both components, the plantings in furrow and herbicide use was the most interesting alternatives. / Como forma de melhorar os ?ndices agron?micos e zoot?cnicos de desempenho das pastagens cultivadas sobre solos do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, existe a necessidade de maiores estudos para avaliar o impacto da introdu??o de leguminosas forrageiras nesses ecossistemas. Visando contribuir nessa dire??o, foi instalado um experimento objetivando pesquisar os efeitos de diferentes m?todos de introdu??o de leguminosas forrageiras numa pastagem de gram?nea forrageira em monocultura. A hip?tese de trabalho foi a de que tratamentos de natureza qu?mica ou mec?nica que reduzam o crescimento da gram?nea estabelecida, ter?o efeitos favor?veis sobre o estabelecimento e persist?ncia da leguminosa. O trabalho foi realizado na ?rea experimental de Forragicultura, no Instituto de Zootecnia da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, durante o per?odo de novembro de 2003 a abril de 2005. As leguminosas estudadas foram estilosantes cv. Campo Grande e desm?dio (Desmodium ovalifolium Wall cv. Itabela), instaladas sobre pastagem de Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweickt. Os m?todos de introdu??o comparados foram: i) herbicida dessecante (Glyphosate, 0,75%, V/L), um dia antes do plantio; ii) ro?ada: rebaixamento da gram?nea, com corte mec?nico iii) plantio em sulcos e; iv) preparo do solo com uso de enxada rotativa, empregando-se um desenho de blocos inteiramente casualizados, com quatro repeti??es. O crescimento das leguminosas nos diversos doss?is formados ap?s a instala??o dos tratamentos, foi acompanhado atrav?s de contagem do n?mero de plantas e da altura das plantas, estimativas de freq??ncia, absoluta e relativa, de gram?nea e leguminosa no relvado, e o ?ndice de ?rea Foliar. Em conjunto, foram feitas avalia??es de intercepta??o de radia??o fotossinteticamente ativa e grau de cobertura dos doss?is do cons?rcio. A contribui??o da leguminosa ? produ??o da massa de forragem, verde e seca, foi feita atrav?s de cortes, aos 157 e 430 dias ap?s a semeadura. O cons?rcio com estilosantes cv. Campo Grande n?o prosperou, devido ao fracasso na germina??o e ou emerg?ncia das pl?ntulas da leguminosa. Em contraste, no caso do cons?rcio entre a braqui?ria e o desm?dio, a hip?tese inicial foi plenamente confirmada, uma vez que todos os m?todos de introdu??o permitiram o estabelecimento e perman?ncia da leguminosa na pastagem. Especificamente, para este cons?rcio, foi conclu?do que para fomentar uma r?pida cobertura do solo, os tratamentos mais indicados s?o a enxada rotativa e a ro?ada, enquanto que para harmonizar o cons?rcio, resguardando a persist?ncia de ambos componentes, os plantios em sulco e uso de herbicida foram ?s alternativas mais interessantes.
3

Crescimento e composi??o qu?mico-bromatol?gica do capim Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp) sob doses de nitrog?nio. / Growth and chemical-bromatological composition of Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp) under nitrogen doses.

Oliveira, Ana Paula Pessim de 11 July 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T14:59:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2008 - Ana Paula Pessim de Oliveira.pdf: 1134139 bytes, checksum: e35252b70432f1b09c9e114425df2810 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-11 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The effects of nitrogen (N) application on several structural and nutritional attributes of the plant canopy were evaluated. The studies were carried out at the Experimental Campus of the Rio de Janeiro Federal Rural University, Serop?dica-RJ, in area of Planosol Haplic occurrence, during the period of October 2006 to July 2007. Treatments consisted of five doses of N (0; 150; 300; 450 and 600 kg N-urea/ha) disposed in experimental units of 4 x 4 m using a entirely randomized block design. After a standardization cut, made 82 days after planting, it proceeded to the application of nitrogen fertilizer levels, half of which at 94 days, and the remaining at 139 days after the planting. Four studies had been carried through, which the results are presented in distinct chapters. In the first chapter the results of nitrogen fertilization were discussed in terms of soil covering, leaf area index (LAI) and solar radiation interception, during the four sequential cuts, between the months of February and July of 2007. Weekly evaluations were accomplished, between 10 and 40 days after cut. The LAI frequency of occurrence, plant height, green cover index and level of photosynthetically active radiation intercepted showed significant responses to N fertilization, according to a logistic pattern and also varied seasonally within each cut, evidencing different sensibility as indicators for structure and growth of the Tifton 85 sward. In the second study were evaluated the effect of N fertilization on biomass production and the efficiency in the use of N absorbed. For statistical analysis purposes, sampling data were clustered in two seasons: rainy season (February to April) and dry season (April to July). It was quantified in each cut date the production of green and dry mass, leaves and stem fraction, as well as the N content in each one of the vegetative fractions. This study showed that N fertilization icreased the dry matter production and stimulated the production of leaves and stems in both the seasons (rainy and dry). However, the nitrogen fertilization, per se, does not modify the partition of the dry mass produced by leaves and stems, and had no influence on efficiency of the pasture to produce dry matter per unit of N absorbed. The third study, of methodological character, aimed the validation of indirect procedures for estimate the functional relation between the green and dry mass and the LAI. The occurrence frequency and the index of green covering were tested as substitutes of IAF using simple correlation procedure. Although in this study has been observed the existence of a significant association among the the canopy attributes estimates associated to the leaf area and the forage production leaf area and forage production, additional studies are necessary to improve the reliability and accuracy of this estimates. Finally, in the last study, the influence of the nitrogen fertilization on nutritional value of the forage was evaluated. The crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin, cellulose and hemicelulose cotents were determined. The results showed that the addition of N improved the forage quality, increasing crude protein contents and decreasing fibrous fraction. / Foram avaliados os efeitos da aplica??o de nitrog?nio (N) sobre uma s?rie de atributos estruturais e nutricionais do dossel. Os estudos foram desenvolvidos no campo experimental da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, munic?pio de Serop?dica- RJ, em ?rea de ocorr?ncia de Planossolo. O experimento foi conduzido sob regime de cortes, durante o per?odo de outubro de 2006 a julho de 2007. Foram estudadas cinco doses de N (0; 150; 300; 450 e 600 kg/ha) em diferentes ?pocas do ano. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos inteiramente casualizados. Foram feitos quatro estudos, cujos resultados s?o apresentados em cap?tulos distintos. No primeiro cap?tulo, os efeitos da aduba??o nitrogenada s?o discutidos em termos de cobertura do solo, ?ndice de ?rea foliar e intercepta??o da radia??o solar, no curso de quatro cortes seq?enciais, entre os meses de fevereiro e julho. As avalia??es foram realizadas, semanalmente, entre o 10o e o 40o dia ap?s o corte. Em cada corte, o ?ndice de ?rea foliar (IAF), a freq??ncia de ocorr?ncia, altura de planta, ?ndice de cobertura verde e o n?vel de radia??o fotossinteticamente ativa interceptada, responderam ? aduba??o nitrogenada, conforme um padr?o log?stico e variaram sazonalmente, evidenciando uma sensibilidade diversa como indicadores da estrutura e do crescimento da pastagem de Tifton 85. No segundo estudo foram abordadas as respostas relativas ? produ??o de biomassa sob aduba??o nitrogenada e a efici?ncia na utiliza??o do N absorvido. Para efeito de an?lise estat?stica, os dados das coletas foram agrupados em ?poca das chuvas (fevereiro a abril) e ?poca seca (abril a julho). Em cada data de corte foi quantificada a produ??o de massa verde e seca, a sua parti??o entre folhas e colmos + bainhas, assim como o teor de N em cada uma das partes vegetativas. Este estudo evidenciou que a aduba??o nitrogenada aumentou a produ??o de forragem, estimulando a produ??o de folhas e colmos tanto na ?poca chuvosa quanto na seca. Por outro lado, a aduba??o nitrogenada, per se, n?o modificou a parti??o da massa seca produzida por folhas e colmos, nem influenciou a efici?ncia com a qual a pastagem produz massa seca por unidade de nitrog?nio absorvido. O terceiro estudo, de cunho metodol?gico, objetivou a valida??o de procedimentos indiretos para a estimativa da rela??o funcional entre a massa verde e seca e o ?ndice de ?rea foliar da pastagem. Foram estudados a freq??ncia de ocorr?ncia e o ?ndice de cobertura verde como suced?neos do IAF, utilizando-se correla??o simples. Embora tenha sido observada a exist?ncia de um grau de associa??o significativo entre as estimativas de atributos ligados ? ?rea foliar e a produ??o de forragem, s?o necess?rios estudos adicionais para melhorar a confiabilidade e a acur?cia de tais estimativas. No quarto estudo foi estudada a influencia da aduba??o nitrogenada sobre o valor nutricional da forragem, sendo avaliados os teores de prote?na bruta, fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente ?cido, lignina, celulose e hemicelulose. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a adi??o de N melhorou a qualidade da forragem, aumentando os teores de prote?na bruta e reduzindo a fra??o fibrosa.

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