The coverage of a test suite is often used as a proxy for its effectiveness. However, previous studies that investigated the influence of code coverage on test suite effectiveness have failed to reach a consensus about the nature and strength of the relationship between these test suite characteristics. Moreover, many of the studies were done with small or synthetic programs, making it unclear that their results generalize to larger programs. In addition, some of the studies did not account for the confounding influence of test suite size. We have extended these studies by evaluating the relationship between test suite size, block coverage, and effectiveness for large Java programs. Our test subjects were four Java programs from different application domains: Apache POI, HSQLDB, JFreeChart, and Joda Time. All four are actively developed open source programs; they range from 80,000 to 284,000 source lines of code. For each test subject, we generated between 5,000 and 7,000 test suites by randomly selecting test methods from the program's entire test suite. The suites ranged in size from 3 to 3,000 methods. We used the coverage tool Emma to measure the block coverage of each suite and the mutation testing tool Javalanche to evaluate the effectiveness of each suite. We found that there is a low correlation between block coverage and effectiveness when the number of tests in the suite is controlled for. This suggests that block coverage, while useful for identifying under-tested parts of a program, should not be used as a quality target because it is not a good indicator of test suite effectiveness.

The reporting of the media will never be an exact copy of reality. Through medias way of presenting, or framing, the world that surround us all they must also affect our interpretation of it. The role of the journalist includes both chosing and excluding in the way they describe things. Studies have been made by the wellknown mediaresearcher, Kent Asp, that show how media reported in more negative wordings about Mona Sahlin, than her opponent Fredrik Reinfeldt in the period building up to the swedish elections 2010. The purpose of our study has been to compare how these politicians were being described, or framed, in the media, in regards to their gender.Our study has shown that Mona Sahlin more often than Fredrik Reinfeldt was described as being less knowledgeable, and were mentioned in the context of scandals or conflicts. Sahlin was also, more often than Reinfeldt, mentioned in articles where the subjects of healthcare, schooling and education, and equality between men and women. Where as Reinfeldt was, more often than Sahlin, mentioned in articles where the subjects were the labour market, economy and foreign politics.

Abstract Car Insurance is the largest part of source of revenue for property insurance companies and is accounted for 50-60% of the revenue of total property insurance. In 2002, the total premium revenue for the industry is NT$48.532 billion, hence is closely related to the survival, growth and profit of the industry. Therefore, all the property insurance companies place their effort in this type of programs. The paper subjected the consumers of car mandatory insurance to investigate the subscription decision of consumers by applying concepts, techniques and loyalty in customer relationship. The statistical methods employed in this paper are logistic regression and multiple regression and the Excel and Sas computer package software are used to analysis, investigate and infer the probability and subscribing amount of general consumers in subscribing car 3rd party liability coverage based on variables including age, sex, living area, marital status, age of car, level of educations, renewed years and the car insurance premium. The findings of this research are as the following: 1. The logistic regression analysis indicates that the decision on subscribing car liability insurance is not affect by the status variables, except level of education, and is not affected by age, sex, marital status and living area. 2. The logistic regression analysis also indicate, in the transaction data statistical variables, the decision of subscribers of mandatory car insurance in subscribing car liability insurance is significantly different in age of car, years of subscribing car liability insurance and marketing channel. 3. The linear regression analysis indicates that in the decision for amount of car liability insurance will not be affected by the status variables, except level of education, and is not affected by age, sex, marital status living area. 4. The linear regression analysis also shows that in the transaction data statistical variables, the decision in of subscriber of mandatory car insurance in subscribing car liability insurance is significantly different in age of car, years of subscribing car liability insurance, but not the marketing channel. 5. Multiple regression conducted on the basis of the above analysis has come up with the following outcomes: The age of car and the year with car liability coverage have significant effect on whether to subscribe and the amount subscribed. Therefore the regression equation is established as the following: 3rd Party Liability Insurance Premium = - 10551 + 128 car age + 740 car liability insurance subscribed years. Key Words: Customer Relationship Management, Loyalty, Mandatory Car Insurance, Car Liability Coverage.

One of the most important practical problems in conducting sample surveys is the list that can be used for selecting the sample is generally incomplete or out of date. Therefore, sample surveys can produce seriously biased estimates of the population parameters. On the other hand updating a list is a difficult and very expensive operation. Multiple-frame sampling refers to surveys where two or more frames are used and independent samples are taken respectively from each of the frames. It is assumed that the union of the different frames covers the whole population. There are two major reasons for the use of multiple-frame sampling method. One is that, using two or more frames can cover most of the target population and therefore reduces biases due to coverage error. The second is that multipleframe sampling design may result in considerable cost savings over a single frame design.

When we survey hardware design groups, we can find that it is now dedicated to verification between 60 to 80 percent. According to the instruction set architecture information should be a feasible and reasonable way for generating the test pattern to verify the function of a microprocessor. In this these, we¡¦ll present an instruction test pattern (for microprocessors) generation method based on the instruction set architecture. It can help the users to generate the instruction test pattern efficiently. The generation flow in this thesis contains three major flows: individual instruction, instruction pair, and manual generation. They are used for different verification cases. The ¡§individual instruction¡¨ could be used for verifying the functions of each implemented instructions. The ¡§instruction pair¡¨ could be used for verifying the interaction of instruction execution in a pipeline for a HDL implementation of a microprocessor. The ¡§manual generation¡¨ could be used to verify some corner cases (behaviors) of the microprocessor. As the quality of our test pattern, we generate some patterns for 32-bits instruction (ARM instruction sets and SPARC instruction sets) and use them to verify a synthesizable RTL core. With some handwriting test pattern (34.7%), our automatic generation method can approach 100% HDL code coverage of the microprocessor design. We use the HDL code coverage as the reference of test pattern quality. Because our generation method is based on the instruction field, we can describe most instruction set for the generator. Hence, our generation method can retarget to most instruction set architecture without modifying the generator. Besides the RISC instructions, even the CISC instructions could be generated.

Usage of simulation models is an essential part in many modern engineering disci- plines. Computer models of complex physical systems can be used to expedite the design of control systems and reduce the number of physical tests. Model valida- tion tries to answer the question if the model is a good enough representation of the physical system. This thesis describes techniques to visualize multi-dimensional validation results and the search for an automated validation process. The work is focused on a simulation model of the Primary Environmental Control System of Gripen E, but can be applied on validation results from other simulation models. The result from the thesis can be divided into three major components, static validation, dynamic validation and model coverage. To present the results from the static validation different multi-dimensional visualization techniques are in- vestigated and evaluated. The visualizations are compared to each other and to properly depict the static validation status of the model, a combination of visual- izations are required. Two methods for validation of the dynamic performance of the model are examined. The first method uses the singular values of an error model estimated from the residual. We show that the singular values of the error model relay important information about the model’s quality but interpreting the result is a considerable challenge. The second method aims to automate a visual inspection procedure where interesting quantities are automatically computed. Coverage is a descriptor of how much of the applicable operating conditions that has been validated. Two coverage metrics, volumetric coverage and nearest neigh- bour coverage, are examined and the strengths and weaknesses of these metrics are presented. The nearest neighbour coverage metric is further developed to account for validation performance, resulting in a total static validation quantity.

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Automating test design can increase test suit accuracy and produce more reliable software. In this report we present a prototype tool that can aid developers in unit testing Java code. It automates test path construction based on two existing graph-based criteria. It uses basis path coverage and prime path coverage to produce test paths. Our main contribution in this report is to design and implement a tool that goes beyond the commonly used coverage tools today. Common graph based coverage tools support statement coverage and sometimes branch coverage. Our tool support prime path coverage which subsumes a number of other graph based coverage criteria, including statement and branch coverage. Our tool is a Java based Eclipse plug-in that operates at the class level. It processes each method in a given class to produce a CFG, cyclomatic complexity, a set of basis paths, a set of prime paths, and a set of test paths based on prime path coverage. / text