<p>U ovoj disertaciji razvijeni su analitički alati za izračunavanje protoka servisa, propusnog opsega i u&scaron;tede energije zahtevanim u različitim eMBMS LTE/LTE-A servisnim strukturama. Takođe, mi smo analizirali protok podataka i optimalnu dodelu parametara za prenos na fizičkom sloju za eMBMS baziran video servis u 2-klasnoj heterogenoj mreži primenom stohastičke geometrije.</p> / <p>In this dissertation we develop simple analytical tools for evaluation of average service data rates, bandwidth and energy consumption requirements in dierent eMBMS LTE/LTE-A service congurations. Also, we consider a simple approach to estimate achievable rates and optimally assign the physical layer transmission parameters for eMBMS based video service in the two-tier heterogeneous cellular systems.</p>

A fundamental challenge in the treatment planning process of multi-fractional external-beam radiation therapy (EBRT) is the tradeoff between tumor control and normal tissue sparing in the presence of geometric uncertainties (GUs). To accommodate GUs, the conventional way is to use an empirical planning treatment volume (PTV) margin on the treatment target. However, it is difficult to determine a near-optimal PTV margin to ensure specified target coverage with as much normal tissue protection as achievable. Coverage optimized planning (COP) avoids this problem by optimizing dose in possible virtual treatment courses with GU models directly incorporated. A near-optimal dosimetric margin generated by COP was reported to savvily accommodate setup errors of target and normal tissues for prostate cancer treatment. This work further develops COP to account for (1) deformable organ motion and (2) delineation uncertainties for high-risk prostate cancer patients. The clinical value of COP is investigated by comparing with two margin-based planning techniques: (i) optimized margin (OM) technique that iteratively modifies PTV margins according to the evaluated target coverage probability and (ii) fixed margin (FM) technique that uses empirically selected constant PTV margins. Without patient-specific coverage probability estimation, FM plans are always less immune to the degraded effect of the modeled GUs than the COP plans or the OM plans. Empirical PTV margins face more risks of undesirable target coverage probability and/or excessive dose to surrounding OAR. The value of COP relative to OM varies with different GUs. As implemented for deformable organ motions, COP has limited clinical benefit. Due to optimization tradeoffs, COP often results in target coverage probability below the prescribed value while OM achieves better target coverage with comparable normal tissue dose. For delineation uncertainties, the clinical value of COP is potentially significant. Compared to OM, COP successfully maintains acceptable target coverage probability by exploiting the slack of normal tissue dose in low dose regions and maximally limiting high dose to normal tissue within tolerance.

L’évaluation des résultats des élèves français à l’épreuve écrite de philosophie de l’examen du baccalauréat établit chaque année une moyenne générale tournant autour de huit. Que révèlent ces résultats ? Comment convient-il de les analyser ? Que signifient-ils par rapport au mode d’apprentissage des élèves et, corrélativement, par rapport au mode d’enseignement ? Nous avons voulu vérifier dans notre question de recherche si l’accompagnement de l’apprentissage du philosopher des élèves de classes terminales pouvait changer la donne dans l’appropriation du philosopher. Quatre hypothèses majeures, en lien étroit avec la théorisation développé par Lev Vygotski sur les fonctions psychiques, ont conduit notre recherche, à savoir que la maîtrise des processus psychiques, la conscientisation en zone de développement proche, le travail collaboratif et l’intervention de la volonté contribuaient en synergie à favoriser l’appropriation du philosopher. Nous avons donc mis à l’épreuve ces quatre hypothèses à partir de la mise en place et de l’analyse de situations dites médiatisantes, parce que censées stimuler le travail de médiatisation des élèves à partir d’outils–instruments psychologiques spécifiques. / The evaluation of the results of French the written part of the examination of undergraduate philosophy students each year an average general is revolving around eight. What do these results? How should we analyze? What does it mean about the mode of learning of students and, correlatively, the mode of instruction? We wanted to check in our issue of research if the mentoring of learning of philosophizing of the Terminal classes’ students could make a difference in the ownership of philosophizing. Four major hypotheses, link close with theorizing developed by Lev Vygotsky on the functions psychic, led our research, namely control of mental processes, awareness in zone close development, collaborative work and intervention of will contribute synergistically to promote ownership of philosophizing. Therefore, we have tested these four hypotheses to starting from the establishment and analysis of situations known mediatisantes, because that meant to stimulate the work of media coverage of specific students from psychological tools-instruments.

This Master thesis "HIV / AIDS in the czech newspapers in changing times (1996-2009)" discusses the media coverage of the topic of HIV / AIDS in the czech newspapers: MF Dnes, Blesk and Hospodářské noviny in 1996, 1998, 2000, 2004 and 2009. The work confronts in the long-term overview the media agenda (the actual number of articles and topics that HIV / AIDS in those years dedicated to) with the real number of newly reported HIV positive and monitors the expanses of Ministry of Health on prevention in this area. The work responds to the question whather are the topics of HIV / AIDS media normally handled episodically, with emphasis on the story, identifies the main issues in the context of HIV / AIDS in the media, namely celebrities in particular frequent topic in the context of HIV / AIDS is deeply engaged. The work also confronts the results of media coverage of this topic so far incurable disease AIDS in czech newspapers with foreign studies on the ground of Media Studies. The actual analysis has two specific aspects of pursuing the use of different analytical tools. Quantitative content analysis looks at the articles that the newspapers reporting on the topic of HIV / AIDS appear. The second part adds a qualitative study on the topic of celebrities and HIV / AIDS. The aim of case studies is to show the...

Cette thèse porte sur les problèmes de déploiement des Réseaux de Capteurs sans Fil (RCsF). Elle suit trois directions principales : (1) le déploiement aléatoire, (2) le déploiement déterministe, et (3) l'auto-déploiement. En premier lieu, nous présentons une étude sur le placement aléatoire des capteurs dans les RCsF et nous élaborons une stratégie pratique de déploiement aléatoire. Ensuite, dans le cadre d'un déploiement déterministe, nous analysons le problème de gestion des imperfections liées à la collecte des données par les capteurs. Nous discutons les modèles de couverture et les algorithmes de placement existants et nous exploitons la théorie de l'évidence pour concevoir des stratégies de déploiement plus efficaces. Enfin, nous explorons les stratégies d'auto-déploiement existantes et nous élaborons un protocole en deux phases, léger et complet, pour assurer une couverture optimisée de la zone contrôlée en utilisant un RCsF mobile. Les résultats obtenus montrent l'efficacité des approches proposée qui ont été étudiées à la fois sur des données synthétiques que sur un test expérimental / This dissertation is an in-depth investigation of the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) deployment problems that follows three general directions: (1) random deployment, (2) deterministic deployment, and (3) self-deployment. First, we present a survey and taxonomy of random node placement in WSNs and we devise a practical random deployment strategy. Second, we analyze the uncertainty-aware deterministic WSNs deployment problem where sensors may not always provide reliable information. We discuss sensor coverage models and placement algorithms found in the literature and we investigate the evidence theory to design better deployment strategies. We devise evidence-based sensor coverage models and we propose several polynomial-time uncertainty-aware deployment algorithms. Third, we explore the published self-deployment strategies and we devise a lightweight and comprehensive two-phase protocol, for ensuring area coverage employing a mobile WSN. Experimental results based on synthetic data sets, data traces collected in a real deployment, and an experimental test, show that the proposed approaches outperform the state-of-the-art deployment strategies

Master of Science / Department of Journalism and Mass Communications / William Adams / Mental illness and suicide present vexing challenges for journalists who seek to elevate public understanding of public health issues and remedies. Using the theoretical frameworks of media agenda setting and issue framing, content analysis was used to examine a nationwide sample of newspapers stories for evidence of media familiarity with prevailing norms for community mental health care and suicide prevention. Stories examined showed little evidence of such expertise, leaving questions about the ability of journalists — and their readers — to differentiate between standard and substandard mental health care systems. Long-term change in public policy about mental illness and suicide prevention will likely depend on the ability of special interests to capture and keep media attention as well as media management decisions to assign mental health coverage to general assignment reporters or place it in the hands of journalists with specialized training.

In this dissertation, I investigate interactive visual history for collaborative exploratory data analysis (EDA). In particular, I examine use of analysis history for improving the awareness of the dimension space coverage 1 2 3 to better support data exploration. Commonly, interactive history tools facilitate data analysis by capturing and representing information about the analysis process. These tools can support a wide range of use-cases from simple undo and redo to complete reconstructions of the visualization pipeline. In the con- text of exploratory collaborative Visual Analytics (VA), history tools are commonly used for reviewing and reusing past states/actions and do not efficiently support other use-cases such as understanding the past analysis from the angle of dimension space coverage. How- ever, such knowledge is essential for exploratory analysis which requires constant formulation of new questions about data. To carry out exploration, an analyst needs to understand “what has been done” versus “what is remaining” to explore. Lack of such insight can result in premature fixation on certain questions, compromising the coverage of the data set and breadth of exploration [80]. In addition, exploration of large data sets sometimes requires collaboration between a group of analysts who might be in different time/location settings. In this case, in addition to personal analysis history, each team member needs to understand what aspects of the problem his or her collaborators have explored. Such scenarios are common in domains such as science and business [34] where analysts explore large multi-dimensional data sets in search of relationships, patterns and trends. Currently, analysts typically rely on memory and/or externalization to keep track of investigated versus uninvestigated aspects of the problem. Although analysis history 4 mechanisms have the potential to assist analyst(s) with this problem, most common visual representations of history are geared towards reviewing & reusing the visualization pipeline or visualization states. I started this research with an observational user study to gain a better understanding of analysts’ history needs in the context of collaborative exploratory VA. This study showed that understanding the coverage of dimension space by using linear history 5 was cumbersome and inefficient. To address this problem, I investigated how alternate visual representations of analysis history could support this use-case. First, I designed and evaluated Footprint-I, a visual history tool that represented analysis from the angle of dimension space coverage (i.e. history of investigation of data dimensions; specifically, this approach revealed which dimensions had been previously investigated and in which combinations). I performed a user study that evaluated participants’ ability to recall the scope of past analysis using my proposed design versus a linear representation of analysis history. I measured participants’ task duration and accuracy in answering questions about a past exploratory VA session. Findings of this study showed that participants with access to dimension space coverage information were both faster and more accurate in understanding dimension space coverage information. Next, I studied the effects of providing coverage information on collaboration. To investigate this question, I designed and implemented Footprint-II, the next version of Footprint-I. In this version, I redesigned the representation of dimension space coverage to be more usable and scalable. I conducted a user study that measured the effects of presenting history from the angle of dimension space coverage on task coordination (tacit breakdown of a common task between collaborators). I asked each participant to assume the role of a business data analyst and continue a exploratory analysis work which was started by a collaborator. The results of this study showed that providing dimension space coverage information helped participants to focus on dimensions that were not investigated in the initial analysis, hence improving tacit task coordination. Finally, I investigated the effects of providing live dimension space coverage information on VA outcomes. To this end, I designed and implemented a standalone prototype VA tool with a visual history module. I used scented widgets [76] to incorporate real-time dimension space coverage information into the GUI widgets. Results of a user study showed that providing live dimension space coverage information increased the number of top-level findings. Moreover, it expanded the breadth of exploration (without compromising the depth) and helped analysts to formulate and ask more questions about their data. / Graduate / 0984 / ali.sarvghad@gmail.com

Background Established in 1999, the Swedish Maternal Health Care Register (MHCR), collects data on pregnant women and their offspring. Since 2013, the MHCR has been a part of the Swedish Pregnancy Register (SPR). Data are entered manually into the MHCR by midwives in antenatal care (ANC). ANC is primarily organised within public primary health care in Sweden. Midwives are the primary providers of health care during pregnancy, and they are responsible for providing information about prenatal diagnosis to expecting parents. Aims This thesis investigated internal validity of MHCR data, and user’s experiences of the MHCR. Prenatal diagnosis was explored in regard to local guidelines and to background characteristics and pregnancy outcomes. Factors affecting the work situation for midwives in ANC, as well as their experiences on informing expecting parents about prenatal diagnosis were investigated. Methods Study I, II and III were cross-sectional studies. Study I included data from MHCR and medical records on 878 pregnancies during 2011. Study III analysed data from MHCR/SPR, in total 284,789 pregnancies for 2011 to 2013. Study II was a questionnaire study with a quantitative and a qualitative component, including 989 participants. Study IV was a qualitative study applying qualitative content analysis. Fifteen midwives participated in individual, telephone interviews. Main findings Overall, the degree of coverage of variables was high in the MHCR as well as in the medical records. For 17 of the 27 variables, agreement of data in both data sources reached 95% or more. Possible systematic errors were identified for two variables (Paper I). Midwives valued MHCR generally positively, although manual registration of data into the MHCR was perceived burdensome. Foremost midwives engaged in supervision regularly accessed data on pregnant women at their own ANC clinic (Paper II). Offers on prenatal diagnosis varied considerably between the 21 Swedish counties during 2011 to 2013. Maternal age and educational level demonstrated strong associations with uptake of prenatal diagnosis (Paper III). Midwives in ANC reported their work load as manageable. Clinical guidelines, continuing education, and collaboration in the chain of care of pregnant women, were supportive factors for midwives work situation in antenatal care. Administrative work load was perceived as strenuous and informing expecting parents about prenatal diagnosis was challenging (Paper IV). Conclusions Data in the MHCR demonstrated sufficient internal validity. MHCR was an underutilised source in operational planning of ANC. Offers and uptake on prenatal diagnosis was unequally distributed in Sweden. Midwives enjoyed their work in ANC. Administrative work was strenuous and informing expecting parents about prenatal diagnosis was challenging. The register can further develop its report systems to be used in a higher extent in evaluation and planning of Swedish maternal health care services. Expecting couples in Sweden should be offered the same opportunities on prenatal diagnosis. Pedagogical tools may facilitate midwives mission to inform expecting parents with varying pre-understanding about prenatal diagnosis / Bakgrund Det svenska Mödrahälsovårdsregistret är ett nationellt kvalitetsregister som används inom mödrahälsovården för uppföljning av verksamheten, i förbättringsarbete och som underlag för forskning. Mödrahälsovårdsregistret startade 1999 och samlar in data på gravida kvinnor, förlossningar och nyfödda barn. Sedan 2013 är Mödrahälsovårdsregistret en del av Graviditetsregistret, som består av tre delregister; Mödrahälsovårdsregistret, Fosterdiagnostikregistret och det Obstetriska registret. Barnmorskor inom svensk mödrahälsovård registrerar data manuellt vid två tillfällen i registret, dels i anslutning till inskrivningsbesöket, och dels efter avslutad graviditet, senast 16 veckor efter förlossningen. Barnmorskor inom svensk mödrahälsovård har skyldighet att erbjuda blivande föräldrar information om fosterdiagnostik. Däremot utförs de fosterdiagnostiska undersökningarna på särskilda mottagningar, vanligen inom ramen för Sveriges kvinnokliniker. Med tidig fosterdiagnostik avses rutinultraljud i graviditetsvecka 17 till 20, kombinerat ultraljud och biokemiskt test (KUB), samt de invasiva undersökningarna fostervattenprov (AC) och korionvillibiopsi (CVS). Nästan alla gravida kvinnor kontrolleras inom mödrahälsovården. Majoriteten av mödrahälsovårdsmottagningarna bedrivs inom den offentliga primärvården. Barnmorskan arbetar självständigt och är ansvarig för kvinnor med okomplicerade graviditeter. Övriga uppdrag för barnmorskor inom svensk mödrahälsovård är, föräldrastödsverksamhet, rådgivning och förskrivning av preventivmedel, screening för livmoderhalscancer, samt utåtriktat arbete. I barnmorskans arbete ingår därutöver olika patientadministrativa uppgifter. Syfte Det övergripande syftet med avhandlingen var att undersöka det svenska Mödrahälsovårdsregistret ur följande aspekter: intern validitet i registerdata, användarnas erfarenheter, synpunkter och användning av registret samt registerutfall. Ytterligare syften var att undersöka stödjande och belastande faktorer för barnmorskans arbetssituation inom svensk mödrahälsovård och barnmorskors erfarenheter och synpunkter av att informera blivande föräldrar om fosterdiagnostik. vii Metod Studie I, II och III var tvärsnittsstudier. I Studie I jämfördes data i den medicinska journalen med motsvarande uppgifter i Mödrahälsovårdsregistret över 879 gravida kvinnor med ett förlossningsdatum under maj till juni 2011. Studie II var en enkätundersökning som riktade sig till samtliga barnmorskor inom svensk mödrahälsovård (N=989). Undersökningen genomfördes januari till mars 2012. I Studie III analyserades data på totalt 284,789 gravida kvinnor och deras nyfödda barn under perioden 2011 till 2013. Statistiska analyser som användes i Studie I, II och III var Cohen’s Kappa, Pearson’s Chi-två test, sensitivitet och specificitet, samt univariat och multivariat logistisk regressionsanalys. Studie IV var en kvalitativ studie där data insamlades vid individuella telefonintervjuer med totalt 15 barnmorskor verksamma vid olika mödrahälsovårdsmottagningar. Materialet analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat Variablerna uppvisade överlag en hög täckningsgrad i både Mödrahälsovårdsregistret och den medicinska journalen. Variabler gällande fosterdiagnostik uppvisade en något lägre täckningsgrad på cirka 90 %. Andelen identiska data i de båda datakällorna varierade från 73,9 % till 99,7 %. För 17 av de 27 undersökta variablerna var överensstämmelsen mellan de båda datakällorna, 95 % eller högre. Variabler relaterade till förlossningen (”enkelbörd/flerbörd”, ”levande fött barn”, och ”barnets kön”) var de variabler som uppvisade högst andel identiska uppgifter i de båda datakällorna. Systematiska fel identifierades för två variabler, ”andra trimester serum screening”, och ”antal barnmorskebesök”. Barnmorskor var överlag positiva till Mödrahälsovårdsregistrets webbapplikation, däremot upplevde en majoritet (70,7 %) av barnmorskorna med enbart patientarbete att den manuella registreringen var en betungande arbetsuppgift. Mödrahälsovårdsregistrets ingående variabler uppfattades som relevanta. I fritext frågorna kommenterades att en del variabler var onödiga, till exempel frågor om fosterdiagnostik medan andra variabler saknades i registret, exempelvis frågor om sjukdomar och medicinska komplikationer under graviditet och förlossning. Barnmorskor med arbetsledande uppgifter rapporterade i jämförelse med de barnmorskor som enbart hade patientarbete att de i högre utsträckning regelbundet extraherade data från registret avseende den egna mottagningen (p&lt;0,001; OR=11,79 CI 95 % 7,43-18,69), och de uppvisade en minskad sannolikhet att ifrågasätta nyttan med registret (p&lt;0,001; OR=0,29 CI 95 % 0,16-0,49). Erbjudande om fosterdiagnostik till blivande föräldrar varierade betydligt mellan de 21 landstingen under åren 2011-2013. Sex landsting erbjöd KUB till alla gravida viii kvinnor, nio landsting erbjöd KUB på indikation och fem landsting erbjöd inte KUB till gravida kvinnor. Ett landsting hade inga skrivna riktlinjer. Under samma tidsperiod var andelen kvinnor som genomgick ultraljud i graviditetsvecka 17-20, 97,6 %, KUB 33,0 %, AC 2,6 % och CVS 1,1 %. Moderns ålder uppvisade störst inverkan på genom-gången fosterdiagnostik. Utbildningsnivå universitet i jämförelse med lägre utbildningsnivå var associerad med en ökad sannolikhet att genomgå KUB (OR 2,30, 95 % CI 2,26-2,35), AC (OR 1,54, 95 % CI 1,46-1,63) och CVS (OR 2,68, 95 % CI 2,44-2,93). Barnmorskor inom svensk mödrahälsovård ansåg att arbetsbelastningen var hanterbar även om den var hög. Kliniska riktlinjer, regelbunden fortbildning, och samarbetet med kollegor och läkare i vårdkedjan för den gravida kvinnan beskrevs som stödjande faktorer i arbete. Den administrativa arbetsbelastningen upplevdes som krävande och att informera blivande föräldrar om fosterdiagnostik som utmanande. Slutsats Data i Mödrahälsovårdsregistret uppvisade god till mycket god täckningsgrad, överensstämmelse och intern validitet för de flesta variablerna i registret. Barnmorskor var överlag positiva till Mödrahälsovårdsregistret, även om arbetsuppgiften att föra in uppgifter manuellt i registret upplevdes som betungande. Erbjudande om fosterdiagnostik varierade avsevärt mellan olika landsting. Moderns ålder och utbildningsnivå var de faktorer som uppvisade störst inverkan på genomgången fosterdiagnostik. Barnmorskor uppskattade sitt arbete inom mödrahälsovården, men det administrativa arbetet upplevdes som krävande. Att informera blivande föräldrar om fosterdiagnostik upplevdes som utmanande. Mödrahälsovårdsregistret har en utvecklingspotential vad gäller dess rapportfunktioner och registerdata skulle i högre grad kunna användas i planering och förbättring av innehållet i svensk mödrahälsovård. Erbjudande om fosterdiagnostik till blivande föräldrar borde vara likvärdiga i samtliga landsting i Sverige. Pedagogiska hjälpmedel skulle kunna underlätta för barnmorskor att informera blivande föräldrar med olika kunskapsnivå vad gäller fosterdiagnostik.

Based on the political economy of the media perspective, this paper explores the media coverage of wealth and inheritance taxation over the early 21st century (2000 to 2018) based on a large-scale corpus of seven German daily and weekly newspapers. Germany is a useful case study, being one of the most unequal countries in the Eurozone area in terms of wealth inequality. Drawing on text mining methods and corpus linguistics, it shows that wealth and inheritance taxation is a relatively infrequent topic over the entire period, with the exception of a few intense months of increased reporting. On the occasions that the media do report on the topic of wealth and inheritance taxation, it is mainly covered in terms of a political debate. This debate centres on the politics of a possible reform process and the connected difficulties of finding compromise between different actors, rather than focussing on the potential economic impact. Furthermore, this paper explores the power of agents (both on the organisational and individual level) as the primary definers of social reality. It shows that market-liberal and conservative organisations and economists dominate the news over social-democratic and left-wing ones. Overall, the findings indicate a hostile news coverage concerning the introduction of wealth taxation and the increase of inheritance tax. / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

Research report submitted to the Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, University of the Witwatersrand, towards a 33% fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Management (in the field of Security). 11 November 2016. / South Africa, like other liberal democracies worldwide, is characterised by constant tension between government and the media, particularly the press. At the centre of the tension is the need by government to maintain a certain level of state secrecy on the grounds of national security on the one hand, and the need for transparency and the right of access to information on the other. Both these rights are provided for in international and local statutory instruments. Press reports about an alleged secret procurement by South Africa’s Department of Defence of a spy satellite have also heightened the tension. The purpose of the research is to explore the nature of the tension through a case study focusing on some national newspapers. The study examines if the South African press, which, when it dispensed information to the public, published sensitive state information that detrimentally impacted national security. This research shows that in some instances local newspapers published classified and sensitive information relating to national security. Although a court of law is the proper organ to determine whether the press contravened the law by publishing sensitive security information, the disclosure arguably prejudiced the national security interests of South Africa. / MT2018