Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 1971. / Partially funded by Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 39-41). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Nutria are semi-aquatic rodents, non-native to Oregon. They are an invasive species that damage stream banks with burrowing and cause destruction of native vegetation; activity that may cause deterioration of stream water quality. I hypothesized that my study's duration and pattern of nutria trapping along South Johnson Creek would be sufficient to lead to a significant change in turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), total dissolved solids (TDS), total solids (TS), and total suspended solids (TSS).

La leptospirose est une zoonose bactérienne due à des Spirochètes du genre Leptospira. Elle est classée dans le groupe des maladies ré émergentes en raison du réchauffement climatique par l'OMS. Elle peut atteindre tous les mammifères et notamment l'Homme. On recense environ tous les ans 500 000 cas graves humains (c'est-à-dire ayant nécessité une hospitalisation) mais les difficultés du diagnostic laissent à penser que ce chiffre est sous évalué. La France métropolitaine est le pays d'Europe où le nombre de cas déclarés est le plus important (environ 300 / an). La contamination se produit après à un contact direct ou indirect d'une plaie ou de muqueuses saines avec les urines d'un animal infecté. Les hôtes peuvent être séparés en réservoirs, porteurs sains, et animaux malades ; les Rongeurs forment le réservoir le plus connu mais des représentants d'autres ordres de Mammifères, tels les Insectivores ou les Chiroptères, peuvent aussi jouer ce rôle. Le Ragondin (Myocastor coypus) est un grand Rongeur aquatique originaire d'Amérique du Sud qui a maintenant colonisé la quasi-totalité du territoire français. Cette espèce a été identifiée comme un porteur rénal potentiel de leptospires pathogènes en France au début des années 2000. Notre étude a été orientée suivant deux axes de travail. Tout d'abord un suivi de la contamination par les leptospires pathogènes de deux populations de Ragondin dans des zones humides de l'est de la France. Au cours de cette partie, nous nous sommes intéressés à la prévalence sérologique et à la prévalence du portage rénal dans chacune des populations. Cette étude a été complétée par une estimation de l'état général des animaux au cours d'autopsies détaillées et de l'évaluation histologique des reins afin de déterminer quel pouvait être l'impact, dans cette espèce, de l'infection par des leptospires pathogènes. Ces derniers résultats nous ont permis de clarifier, en partie, le rôle du Ragondin dans le cycle épidémiologique de la maladie. Dans un second axe, nous avons développé un outil permettant le suivi de la contamination des eaux environnementales par les leptospires pathogènes / Leptospirosis is one of the most prevalent bacterial zoonosis. It is caused by Spirochetes of the Leptospira genus and affects all mammals. The WHO considers it as a re emerging disease because of global warming. About 500 000 severe human cases are recognized worldwide but the incidence is probably under evaluated because of the diagnosis difficulties. Metropolitan France is the most affected European country with about 300 human cases declared per year. Infection results from exposure to infected urines of carrier animals, either directly or indirectly via contaminated environment. Animal hosts can be classified as reservoir hosts, healthy carriers or accidental hosts that suffer from the disease. Rodents are well known reservoir hosts but other mammals, as Insectivorous or Chiropters, can also be reservoirs for pathogenic leptospires. The nutria (Myocastor coypus) is a large aquatic rodent originating from South America. The species is now settled throughout France and it has been identified as a potential carrier of leptospirosis in 2001 in Western France. This work had two major goals. Firstly, we studied the contamination of two coypus’ populations by pathogenic leptospires. In this part we determined the serological prevalence and the prevalence of kidney carriage in both populations. Simultaneously, detailed necropsy and kidney histology were performed in order to characterize the impact of leptospirosis infection in this species and thus to clarify the role of the coypu in the epidemiological cycle of leptospirosis. Secondly, we developed a tool to detect and quantify pathogenic leptospires in environmental water that can be used in water quality surveillance program

The nutria (Myocastor coypus) is a semi-aquatic rodent native to South America that was introduced to the Pacific Northwest, USA, in the 1930s. Primary damage categories from this invasive species include burrowing and herbivory, resulting in habitat degradation. Nutria have become well-established in metropolitan habitats, and anecdotal information suggests the problem has increased in recent years. However, little regional research on the species has been conducted. The scope of this research, which emphasizes metropolitan habitats, includes three primary foci in relation to nutria populations in the Pacific Northwest: modeling habitat suitability, assessing activity and movement patterns, and identifying and managing negative impacts. Large-scale management of any invasive species requires understanding of the current and potential future population distribution. Cold temperatures have been assumed to be a limiting factor for the geographic distribution of nutria populations, but this assumption had not been explicitly tested. A mechanistic habitat suitability model based on winter temperatures performed well in predicting nutria distribution in the Pacific Northwest and nationally. Regional results suggest nutria currently occupy most accessible suitable habitat. However, coupling the model with future climate change data suggests a much larger suitable habitat zone regionally and nationally in the near future. Management of an invasive species on a local scale requires region-specific information about behavior patterns. Radio-telemetry tracking of local nutria populations in metropolitan habitats suggested higher diurnal activity levels than reported elsewhere. Activity areas were also on the lower end of reported nutria home ranges, suggesting the studied metropolitan wetland sites represent core habitat for nutria in the region. Comparison of two transmitter attachment methods, a neck collar and a tail mount, did not identify a clearly superior attachment method for short-term nutria behavior studies. The presence of nutria in metropolitan habitats in the Pacific Northwest necessitates the need to expand the limited management techniques available for these habitats. Standard Vexar® plastic mesh tubes very effectively mitigated nutria herbivory damage to woody vegetation live stakes planted in a metropolitan habitat restoration site. A recently developed nutria multiple-capture cage trap captured larger nutria and reduced non-target captures compared to a standard cage trap. The design of the multiple-capture trap, however, prevented multiple-capture events because small nutria escaped the trap. This research contributes substantially to previously limited information about nutria in the Pacific Northwest and resulted in several new findings. Climate change modeling provides the first evidence that nutria ranges could expand in the near future. Evaluation of new radio-telemetry methods will benefit future behavior studies. The assessment of new damage prevention tools provides more options for the management of nutria in urban habitats. Management recommendations include creating regional nutria management plans, identifying and targeting priority monitoring regions, finding key stakeholders, focusing on public education, and initiating a pilot control program. Recommendations for research include evaluating effects on native fauna, conducting disease surveys, assessing the extent of damage, continuing habitat suitability analysis, and developing population indices.