Background: The etiology of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) can be explained on the basis of a biopsychosocial model. However, psychosocial assessment is challenging in daily dental practice. The purpose of the current study was to field-test the practicability of a novel psychosocial assessment scoring form regarding the reliability of scoring procedures and the opinion of examiners. The working hypotheses were that the scoring results of inexperienced undergraduate students were similar to the results collected by a gold standard and that the scoring form was easy to use. Methods: A psychosocial assessment scoring form was developed in accordance with guidelines of the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD), including results of the Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS), Patient Health Questionnaires (PHQ), and Generalized Anxiety Disorders (GAD). Inexperienced operators (undergraduate students) examined patients with TMD-associated complaints and rated the practicability of the scoring form. The scoring results were recalculated by two experienced operators and a consensus was defined as a gold standard. Reliability coefficients were determined comparing results of the gold standard and the inexperienced operators. Results: Sixty-five examiners used the scoring form to obtain results for patients with TMD-associated complaints. Of the patients, 78.8% received a diagnosis according to DC/TMD decision trees. Two-thirds of the operators (62.9%) stated that the form was easy to complete, and 83.0% would use it in their dental practice. The reliability coefficients ranged between 0.81–1.00. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the present study, the psychosocial assessment scoring form seems to be an easy-to-use and practicable tool. The vast majority of the inexperienced examiners recommended the application.

Syfte: Syftet var att utvärdera om experimentell psykologisk stress påverkar smärtkänsligheten i massetermuskeln, kortisolkoncentrationen i saliv, blodtryck och puls hos kvinnor. Material&Metod: 15 friska kvinnor deltog i studien (medelålder 23.7±2.3 år). Studien var en enkelblind randomiserad longitudinell studie, som sträckte sig över två besök. Deltagarna var randomiserat tilldelade att börja med kontroll- eller experimentellt besök. Experimentell stressuppgift utgjordes av aktivt deltagande i Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task och kontrolluppgiften av passivt deltagande. Kortisolkoncentration i saliv, upplevd stress och smärtkänsligheten mättes vid baseline och efter uppgiften. Smärtkänslighet, smärttröskel och smärttolerans, mättes med Painmatcher, Algometer och Palpometer på massetermuskel. Puls och blodtryck mättes regelbundet under hela besöket. Resultat: Ingen signifikant skillnad mellan experimentella- och kontrollbesöket kunde noteras för kortisolkoncentration i saliv, puls, blodtryck, smärta vid palpation, smärttröskel för tryck, smärttolerans för tryck och smärttröskel för elektricitet. Signifikant ökning av upplevd stress (P<0.01), smärttröskel för elektricitet (P<0.05), smärttolerans för elektricitet (P<0.05), smärttröskel för tryck (P<0.01)och smärttolerans för tryck (P<0.01) noterades däremot över tid i det experimentella besöket men ej i kontrollbesöket. Slutsats: Experimentell psykologisk stress, hos friska kvinnor, inducerade analgesi över tid. Detta tros bero på opioidhämmande systemet. Experimentell psykologisk stress hade ingen signifikant påverkan på kortisolkoncentration i saliv, blodtryck eller puls hos friska kvinnor. Fler studier krävs för att utreda psykologiska stressens roll i etiologin för orofacial smärta.

Title: Possibilities of physiotherapy interventions in patients with temporomandibular disorders - a systematic review. Objective: The aim of the diploma thesis is based on the analysis of available literature fulfilling the selection criteria to evaluate the most effective therapeutic intervention within the competence of a physiotherapist for the predetermined evaluation parameter in patients with myogenic temporomandibular disorder. Methods: This diploma thesis is processed in the form of a systematic review. Auitable literature was searched in the various a database including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science a PEDro. Based on the criteria, a total of 390 articles were found, including 271 randomized clinical trials obtained after removal of duplicates. An abstract was screened on these selected studies to identify suitable ones. Subsequently, 97 studies remained for further investigation, of which a total of 18 studies were suitable for inclusion in this work. The first part of the thesis contains theoretical information related to this topic. In the second part of the thesis, an analysis of suitable studies is performed, followed by the results of this analysis and then a discussion, which is focused on each of the research questions. Results: A total of 18 randomized controlled clinical trials...