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Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-03T18:33:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leandro_Araujo.pdf: 2644348 bytes, checksum: deb630f7c75e53425ea8d96bb840a31f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-01 / The scarcity and high cost of long term financing, especially in developing countries, are limiting factors of a greater investment and economic growth. In Brazil, the majority of long-term loans are granted by BNDES. The main objective of this study is to empirically investigate the possible influence of BNDES loans on firm performance. Through analytical data for the period 2008-2012, provided by the BNDES and a large Financial Institution, I estimate models using two methods: pooled ordinary least squares and fixed effects. Firm performance was measured using financial ratios that capture productivity, efficiency and profitability. The results indicated that the funding did not improve the performance of recipient firms in the year following the loan / The scarcity and high cost of long term financing, especially in developing countries, are limiting factors of a greater investment and economic growth. In Brazil, the majority of long-term loans are granted by BNDES. The main objective of this study is to empirically investigate the possible influence of BNDES loans on firm performance. Through analytical data for the period 2008-2012, provided by the BNDES and a large Financial Institution, I estimate models using two methods: pooled ordinary least squares and fixed effects. Firm performance was measured using financial ratios that capture productivity, efficiency and profitability. The results indicated that the funding did not improve the performance of recipient firms in the year following the loan

Institutional policies or terms and conditions of credit allocation complicate the demand and supply of small business enterprise (SBE) credit, causing lost profits. Banks leaders losing 28% of profitable projects because of the high rejection rate of credit applications for SBE loans is a concern. The purpose of this multiple case study was to explore strategies Southeastern Nigerian state bank leaders use to minimize lost profit from SBE credit rejections. The conceptual framework that grounded this study was credit rationing focused on the lender-borrower relationship. Data collection involved reviews of company documents and face-to-face semistructured interviews of 6 participants from 3 banks in the Southeastern Nigerian state. Based on the Schorr's modified data analysis approach, 5 themes emerged (a) credit rationing depends on sufficient information (b) business accounts statements are a fall back for credit availability (c) character may be more important than collateral (d) government policies are challenges to the formal banking system (e) profits may be a hedge for high-interest rates. Findings may be used to enhance the profitability of banks in the Southeastern Nigerian state. Implications for positive social change may include the support of community projects for individuals living at or below the poverty level in the region.

Parmi l’ensemble des organisations, les banques ont trois caractéristiques majeures : la prééminence des calculs dans la définition des cours de l’action de l’organisation ; la construction de mécanismes d’examen et de contrôle du comportement de leurs clients qui sont, en termes comptables, leurs actifs ; un rôle essentiel dans le cadrage des comportements économiques dans les sociétés modernes. Ainsi, tous les projets bancaires se construisent à partir des calculs mais aussi au travers de paradigmes liés à l’économie politique et aux injonctions morales qui leur sont concomitantes. Cette thèse se propose de contribuer à la connaissance des pratiques bancaires et de leur rôle dans la construction d’individus gouvernés par une certaine raison économique. Pour ce faire nous nous sommes intéressés à l’histoire socio-technique de la Banque Populaire et pour le développement communautaire du Costa Rica. Nous avons construit cette histoire à trois niveaux différents. D’abord le niveau des ‘discours du gouvernement’ qui a été étudié grâce à la consultation d’archives portant sur les discussions des lois définissant le cadre normatif de la Banque à l’Assemblée législative du Costa Rica. L’analyse de ces discussions nous a permis d’identifier cinq rationalités politiques se disputant l’hégémonie pour définir les conceptions de contrôle de l’organisation au cours de son histoire. Puis, nous nous sommes intéressés au niveau de la prise de décision stratégique. Nous l’avons étudié grâce à la consultation des comptes rendus portant sur des disputes concernant la gestion actif-passif de la banque de 1969 à 2010. Lors de l’analyse de ces discussions nous avons montré comment interagissent les technologies de calcul avec les rationalités politiques identifiées au premier niveau de la recherche et les trajectoires sociales et politiques des administrateurs participant dans les disputes. Ainsi, nous avons montré les modalités par lesquelles se déplacent les épreuves de justification permettant d’arriver à des accords sur le budget de crédit de la banque. Enfin, le troisième niveau de la thèse est une reconstruction historique des dispositifs d’évaluation des demandeurs de crédit. Au cours de cette partie nous montrons les relations qui existent entre la manière d’équilibrer le bilan et les formes d’évaluation et valorisation des demandeurs de crédit. Notre recherche s’inscrit dans la ligne des travaux portant sur une étude de l’économie politique par les instruments de gestion. Elle discute avec les études gouvernementalistes en comptabilité et propose un déplacement dans la manière de comprendre le déploiement de la rationalité économique dans le fonctionnement des organisations. / In the world of organizations, banks are characterized by three particular elements: the preeminence of calculations in defining the course of action of the organization; building control and evaluation devices for customers, who, in accounting terms, are their assets; the key role they play in the dissemination of economic rationality in society. Therefore, all banks are based on calculations, and also on paradigms from political economy and its implicit moral imperatives. However, relations between these constitutive dimensions of the banking practices have been little explored by research in accounting. The aim of this work is to contribute to a better knowledge of banking practices and its role in the construction of individuals governed by economic reason. To this end, this work was conducted with close reference to the social and technical history of a particular banking organization, Costa Rica’s Banco Popular y de Desarrollo Comunal (BPDC). The case study has three levels. First, the “governmental discourse” level, which we studied through systematic analysis of the original files and amendments of the organic law of BPDC. In this analysis we identified five political rationales that have historically disputed hegemony in the definition of the conception of control of the organization. Secondly, we studied the level of strategic decision, emphasizing the conflicts linked to the management of assets and liabilities. In this part we put in evidence the relationship between calculative technologies and political rationales identified in the previous level and we show the ways in which the evidence of justification was displaced to reach agreements and make decisions. Finally, the third level of the study has to do with the interaction between the borrowers and the organization. To address it, we reconstructed the history of the devices used to evaluate the borrowers. Thus, we show the relationship between ways of resolving conflicts at the strategic level of the organization and ways to assess credit risk. This work is related to current research trends that study relationships between political economy and management tools. Its aim is to discuss with governmentality studies in accounting. Its main contribution is the construction of a different approach to understand the way in which economic rationality is diffused into the functioning of organizations.