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1 Abstract The thesis is aimed at criminological aspects of drug-related crime. Author has chosen: development and the significant causes of drug-related crime, characteristics of the offenders and crime kontrol as specific aspects to deal with. A special chapter is focused on one specific type of drug - methamphetamin (pervitin). First chapter is introductory and defines basic terminology used in the thesis. Second chapter is focused on develompent of drug-related crime. It specifies the main causes of the crime increase and development of an open drug market. It also contains a statistical analysis and trends. The third chapter deals with drug crime offenders. Author tries to select different points of view to find some typical characteristics of them. He also tries to find some trends (using published criminal career researches) that make them different from other kinds of criminals. The fourth chapter is focused on the actual problems connected with methamphetamin (pervitin). Author explains the main causes that make the Czech republic number one producer of this drug in Europe. He sees a lasting availability of the key precursor - pseudoephedrine as a crucial factor. Together with that author emphasizes a hypothesis that most of the pharmaceutical products (with pseudoephedrine) sold in our country...

A criminalidade é fonte geradora de externalidades negativas para economia e geradora de perda de bem estar social sob vários aspectos. Estudos no Brasil tem abordado com maior freqüência os custos diretos da criminalidade em termos de perdas patrimoniais e de capital humano com crimes. Este trabalho traz uma contribuição adicional com a análise da efetividade de quatro políticas públicas distintas implementadas em municípios paulistas a partir da segunda metade da década de noventa. Além da melhora de aspectos sócio-econômicos, os municípios paulistas perceberam que podem implementar políticas de segurança complementares ao trabalho estadual e federal para contenção da violência. Disque Denúnica, Lei Seca, Guardas Municipais e Secretaria de Segurança Pública Municipal são exemplos de políticas de segurança implementadas nos municípios paulistas e que se mostraram, em alguns casos, efetivas para o controle dos diferentes tipos de crimes. São utilizadas estimações em cross section e em forma de painel com variáveis de intervenção (dummies) para cada política de segurança e são avaliados os efeitos sobre o grupo de municípios tratado vis-á-vis o grupo de municípios de controle para avaliar o efeito de cada uma das políticas e sob quais crimes agem de forma mais efetiva. / Crime generates negative externalities to economy and low welfare for society. Papers in Brazil treat with high frequency direct criminality costs, focusing in patrimonial losses and human resource losses. This article tries to contribute with the analysis of four municipal security policy effects. Those polices were implemented in São Paulo?s districts on 1990´s second half. More than better economic and social conditions the São Paulo?s districts show that complementar security policy could help to decrease the criminal occurrences in some cases. Disque Denúncia, Lei Seca, Guarda Municipal and Secretaria de Segurança Municipal are the four policies that were tested in this article. Cross section and panel data methods were estimated to measure the effect of different securities policy to reduce crime in districts that implemented such kind of policy. Such methods are using to measure the effects of each policy to reduce criminality and test each kind of crime is better contained by such policies.

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) play a role in the development of chronic mental and physical diseases in adulthood. These experiences include adversities such as: emotional/verbal abuse, sexual abuse, physical abuse, and household dysfunction. In this study, we hypothesize that forensic mental health offenders will have higher ACE scores than community participants. Secondly, we hypothesize that these participants will show higher rates of and earlier incidences of offending, arrest, incarceration, and hospitalization as a result of their ACE scores. Further, we hypothesize that males and females will be affected by ACEs differently. Using archival data from a secure forensic psychiatric facility in the Midwestern US, data were collected from 211 participants, of which 80% were males and 18% females. The ages of the participants ranged from 23 to 72 with a median age of 43. Using SPSS software, we were able to determine frequency of the ten categories of abuse, maltreatment, and familial dysfunction as included in the original ACE research. Correlations were run to determine the relationship between ACEs and criminal behavior. Statistical comparisons were also run to examine the differences between males and females. ACE score significantly correlated with age at first psychiatric admission. Males and females were significantly different with regard to ACE score. However, other variables were not significant and suggest that future research need to more deeply examine these differences, and additional variables that may determine criminal outcomes in high-risk samples.

<p> </p><p><strong></strong>The aim of this quantitative study was to identify risk factors that could cause or produce criminal behaviour among offenders under the age of 18 in East London, South Africa. This research looks into risk factors such as individual- home environment and neighbourhood factors. A non-probability sample of 80 young people within the age range of 12-18 answered a standardized self-administered questionnaire while attending a compulsory pre-trial assessment with probation officers at the Magistrate’s court in East London. The individual factors behind delinquency were evidently gender based, a majority was males and between 16-18 years. Other risk factors were related to family structure or family functioning and the living standard of the household. The participants own explanations for committing the crime were connected to individual factors such as: influenced by friends, influenced by alcohol, bored and had nothing to do.</p><p> </p>

The aim of this quantitative study was to identify risk factors that could cause or produce criminal behaviour among offenders under the age of 18 in East London, South Africa. This research looks into risk factors such as individual- home environment and neighbourhood factors. A non-probability sample of 80 young people within the age range of 12-18 answered a standardized self-administered questionnaire while attending a compulsory pre-trial assessment with probation officers at the Magistrate’s court in East London. The individual factors behind delinquency were evidently gender based, a majority was males and between 16-18 years. Other risk factors were related to family structure or family functioning and the living standard of the household. The participants own explanations for committing the crime were connected to individual factors such as: influenced by friends, influenced by alcohol, bored and had nothing to do.

To date, research concerning children affected by parental incarceration has focused primarily on children that are eighteen years of age and younger. The effects of parental incarceration on adults that are eighteen years of age and older has remained unexamined. The purpose of this exploratory study is to explore the outcomes of young adult college students that have been affected by parental incarceration. A sample of 345 undergraduate college students was surveyed at a sizeable University in the southeastern region of the United States to create a demographic and behavioral profile of college students affected by parental incarceration. It was hypothesized that college students affected by parental incarceration will have lower institutional grade point averages (GPA), higher accounts of criminal involvement, higher likelihoods of substance abuse, and lower levels of self-control than college students that have not been affected by parental incarceration. Results indicated that, the outcomes of college students affected by parental incarceration were comparable to college students not affected by parental incarceration.

To date, research concerning children affected by parental incarceration has focused primarily on children that are eighteen years of age and younger. The effects of parental incarceration on adults that are eighteen years of age and older has remained unexamined. The purpose of this exploratory study is to explore the outcomes of young adult college students that have been affected by parental incarceration. A sample of 345 undergraduate college students was surveyed at a sizeable University in the southeastern region of the United States to create a demographic and behavioral profile of college students affected by parental incarceration. It was hypothesized that college students affected by parental incarceration will have lower institutional grade point averages (GPA), higher accounts of criminal involvement, higher likelihoods of substance abuse, and lower levels of self-control than college students that have not been affected by parental incarceration. Results indicated that, the outcomes of college students affected by parental incarceration were comparable to college students not affected by parental incarceration.

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A criminalidade é fonte geradora de externalidades negativas para economia e geradora de perda de bem estar social sob vários aspectos. Estudos no Brasil tem abordado com maior freqüência os custos diretos da criminalidade em termos de perdas patrimoniais e de capital humano com crimes. Este trabalho traz uma contribuição adicional com a análise da efetividade de quatro políticas públicas distintas implementadas em municípios paulistas a partir da segunda metade da década de noventa. Além da melhora de aspectos sócio-econômicos, os municípios paulistas perceberam que podem implementar políticas de segurança complementares ao trabalho estadual e federal para contenção da violência. Disque Denúnica, Lei Seca, Guardas Municipais e Secretaria de Segurança Pública Municipal são exemplos de políticas de segurança implementadas nos municípios paulistas e que se mostraram, em alguns casos, efetivas para o controle dos diferentes tipos de crimes. São utilizadas estimações em cross section e em forma de painel com variáveis de intervenção (dummies) para cada política de segurança e são avaliados os efeitos sobre o grupo de municípios tratado vis-á-vis o grupo de municípios de controle para avaliar o efeito de cada uma das políticas e sob quais crimes agem de forma mais efetiva. / Crime generates negative externalities to economy and low welfare for society. Papers in Brazil treat with high frequency direct criminality costs, focusing in patrimonial losses and human resource losses. This article tries to contribute with the analysis of four municipal security policy effects. Those polices were implemented in São Paulo?s districts on 1990´s second half. More than better economic and social conditions the São Paulo?s districts show that complementar security policy could help to decrease the criminal occurrences in some cases. Disque Denúncia, Lei Seca, Guarda Municipal and Secretaria de Segurança Municipal are the four policies that were tested in this article. Cross section and panel data methods were estimated to measure the effect of different securities policy to reduce crime in districts that implemented such kind of policy. Such methods are using to measure the effects of each policy to reduce criminality and test each kind of crime is better contained by such policies.