Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Anderson Rodrigo dos Santos.pdf: 465035 bytes, checksum: 25e47d956859a8fab652835cdffbc05a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Following the guidance of Marxist and Keynesian criticisms, the dissertation aims to reflect upon the contradictions of capitalism, especially financial capital. For this purpose it is necessary to understand the capitalist nature; not only its manifestation, but its essential determinations as well. Besides the theoretical approach, we tried to highlight the political sense of the actions of policymakers. The effects of the development of financial capital, highlighting the importance of public securities and financial innovations, were observed. The dissertation seeks to apprehend the determinations of capital and the dynamics of the capitalist movement and of financial capital, as well as the process by which the capitalist class strengthens its economic power and its political dominance / Seguindo a orientação das críticas marxistas e keynesianas, a dissertação busca refletir a respeito das contradições do capitalismo, especialmente as do capital financeiro. Para isso, é necessário compreender a natureza capitalista, não só a sua manifestação, como também suas determinações essenciais. Além da abordagem teórica, buscou-se destacar o sentido político da atuação de autoridades econômicas. Foram observados os efeitos do desenvolvimento do capital financeiro, com destaque para a importância dos títulos públicos e das inovações financeiras. A dissertação procura apreender as determinações do capital e a dinâmica do movimento capitalista e do capital financeiro, bem como o processo pelo qual a classe capitalista reforça sua força econômica e sua dominância política

La libéralisation et la standardisation des marchés ont rendu les économies nationales instables. Les changements paradigmatiques causés par cette situation mènent au remodelage de la définition et du rôle de l’économie politique, affectant des institutions étatiques, dont l’état social et le marché du travail. Ce travail fait ressortir les différences d’interprétation et d’analyses selon les traditions en pensée économique. Le cas de l’Allemagne devient intéressant, puisqu’il y a une tradition de pensée économique particulière avec ses courants de pensée plus sociaux et, selon la théorie de variétés de capitalisme, un capitalisme différent du modèle américain. L’économiste social allemand Wolfgang Streeck soutient d’ailleurs que le capitalisme se dissocie tranquillement de son aspect démocratique alors que d’autres chercheurs n’arrivent pas à cette conclusion. Dans un contexte de libéralisation et de standardisation, ne devrait-il pas y avoir une standardisation des analyses et des courants de pensées économiques, eux-mêmes déterminés selon leur contexte politique et social ? Peut-on conclure que les conclusions de Streeck sont définies par les pensées économiques allemandes traditionnelles ? La recherche lie deux approches : celle économique (comment produire davantage) et celle politique (comment répartir). Cette discipline qu’est l’économie politique vient prendre en compte l’aspect social de l’économie. La méthodologie consiste à faire un portrait de la pensée économique de Streeck et le situer historiquement, nationalement et internationalement afin de démontrer que, malgré la mondialisation, les économies et pensées économiques nationales sont encore pertinentes. / Market liberalisation and standardisation have rendered national economies unstable. The paradigmatic changes caused by the situation have remodeled the definition and role of political economy. They have also affected state institutions, may it be the welfare state and the labour market. This research paper brings forward interpretation and analyses differences according to different traditions of economic thought. Germany’s case becomes interesting since it has a specific tradition of economic thought with its more social perspectives and, according to the varieties of capitalism theory, a very distinct capitalist model compared to the usually more preferred Anglo-Saxon model. The German social economist Wolfgang Streeck arguments that capitalism is slowly separating itself from its democratic aspect whereas other researchers come to other conclusions. In this context of liberalisation and standardisation, should there not be a standardisation of analyses and economic school of thoughts, themselves defined by their political and social context? Is it possible to conclude that Streeck’s conclusions are defined by traditional German economic thought? The research paper links two approaches: the economic approach (how to produce more) and the political one (how to distribute). The discipline of political economy takes the social aspect of economy into consideration. The methodology consists of sketching a portrait of Streeck’s economic thought and situating him historically, nationally and internationally, in order to demonstrate that, even with globalisation, national economies and national economic thought are still highly relevant.