abstract: Switching surges are a common type of phenomenon that occur on any sort of power system network. These are more pronounced on long transmission lines and in high voltage substations. The problem with switching surges is encountered when a lot of power is transmitted across a transmission line/network, typically from a concentrated generation node to a concentrated load. The problem becomes significantly worse when the transmission line is long and when the voltage levels are high, typically above 400 kV. These overvoltage transients occur following any type of switching action such as breaker operation, fault occurrence/clearance and energization, and they pose a very real danger to weakly interconnected systems. At EHV levels, the insulation coordination of such lines is mainly dictated by the peak level of switching surges, the most dangerous of which include three phase line energization and single-phase reclosing. Switching surges can depend on a number of independent and inter-dependent factors like voltage level, line length, tower construction, location along the line, and presence of other equipment like shunt/series reactors and capacitors. This project discusses the approaches taken and methods applied to observe and tackle the problems associated with switching surges on a long transmission line. A detailed discussion pertaining to different aspects of switching surges and their effects is presented with results from various studies published in IEEE journals and conference papers. Then a series of simulations are presented to determine an arrangement of substation equipment with respect to incoming transmission lines; that correspond to the lowest surge levels at that substation. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Electrical Engineering 2018

Yes / This paper presents the results from laboratory experiments to investigate the protection of scour around submarine pipelines under unidirectional flow using a rubber plate placed underneath the pipes. The pressure difference on the two sides of the pipeline is the driving force to initiate the movement of sediment particles and can be obtained by force balance analysis. Experiments covering a wide range of incoming flow velocity, pipe diameter and plate length show that there exists a critical pressure difference over which the movement of sediment and, thus, scour takes place. Analysis of the experimental results demonstrates that this critical pressure difference is related to the pressure difference of the axial points between upstream and downstream of the pipe, which can be easily determined. This critical pressure difference is used to develop an empirical formula for estimating the critical length of the rubber plate, over which the sediment movement and scour will not take place. Good agreement between the experiments and calculated critical plate length using the proposed formula is obtained. / National High-Tech Research and Development program of China (863 Program, Grant No.2008AA09Z309), National Nature Science Fund of China (Grant No.50879084, 51279071 and 51279189), the Open Funding from the State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University (SKLH-OF-1306)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T17:19:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ingo H Dalibor.pdf: 1064360 bytes, checksum: e76ccd8c14da5a15a2f117ade49f4b1f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Particulate fillers have a broad application in the composites industry, mainly for cost reduction. But fillers may have also an influence on mechanical properties like strength, stiffness and strain. The scope of this dissertation is the mechanical characterization of particulate composites changing concentration from 1% to 20% in volume with an PVC rod as reinforcement. Initially pull out tests were applied to determine critical length of reinforcement. Critical length measures load transfer on interface between matrix and reinforcement, which is main factor to improve composite s strength. Critical length as a function of filler concentration showed a remarkable similarity for all fillers studied. At about 5% volume fraction all curves showed a minimum, it means, the shear strength is a maximum in this point. Finally, mechanical properties in flexural tests without PVC reinforcement were determined showing at low filler concentration significant variation. Statistical significance tests showed mechanical properties aren t a linear function to concentration. Flexural tests on particulate composite with PVC reinforcement showed strength reduction, but on elastic modulus and strain, different effects were realized, depending on filler used. It means, a 3 phase composite may have a synergy or dissociative effect when filler and reinforcement were applied together. / A carga particulada, normalmente utilizada para redução de custos, pode ter influência nas propriedades mecânicas dos compósitos com matriz de poliéster insaturado. Foram confeccionados corpos de prova com concentração volumétrica variando entre 1 e 20% na matriz de poliéster. Inicialmente foi analisada a força de adesão na interface do reforço e a matriz. Com a força de adesão é transferida a tensão da matriz para o reforço, ocorrendo um aumento da resistência do compósito. A força de adesão pode ser determinada pelo comprimento crítico do reforço, neste caso uma haste de PVC, através de um ensaio de arrancamento, conhecido também como pull out . A curva do comprimento crítico em função da concentração de carga mostrou uma notável semelhança com todas as cargas testadas, havendo um mínimo em torno da concentração volumétrica nominal de 5%. Posteriormente, através de ensaios de flexão, foram determinadas as propriedades mecânicas do compósito, que são o módulo de elasticidade, resistência e a deformação máxima nas concentrações acima mencionadas. Os ensaios foram realizados sem e com a haste de PVC. Os efeitos das cargas foram muito distintos em cada caso. O melhor resultado foi obtido no módulo de elasticidade do compósito com a matriz poliéster com carga de vidro moído na concentração de 5% em volume e uma haste de PVC. Nos outros casos as cargas testadas tiveram efeito negativo nas propriedades. A haste de PVC trouxe um efeito positivo apenas na deformação máxima sem a utilização de carga na matriz. Em todos os outros casos o efeito da haste de PVC foi negativo.