Dissertation (Ph.D.)--Auburn University,2009. / Abstract. Includes bibliographic references (p.94-104).

Thesis (M.S.) in Plant, Soil and Environmental Science--University of Maine, 2000. / Includes vita. Advisory Committee: Gregory A. Porter, Assoc. Prof. of Agronomy, Advisor; Timothy Griffin, Extension Sustainable Agriculture Specialist and Assoc. Prof., Sustainable Cropping Systems; C. Wayne Honeycutt, Lead Scientist, USDA-ARS New England Plan, Soil and Water Laboratory. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 88-96).

Thesis (M.S.)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2007. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Perry R. Miller. Includes bibliographical references.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:35:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:24:48Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 queiroz_rp_dr_ilha.pdf: 1433368 bytes, checksum: da394fb054e147bac86fee358da18db7 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / As culturas agrícolas são responsável pela terça parte da produtividade de grãos destinada à alimentação brasileira, desempenhando importante papel econômico-financeiro à nação. Desta forma, no ano agrícola 2005/2006, na Fazenda de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão da Faculdade de Engenharia/UNESP- Campus Ilha Solteira, localizada no município de Selvíria-MS (20º22´S, 51º22´W e 335m de altitude média), foram estudadas a variabilidade e a dependência espacial entre alguns atributos do solo e componentes de produção da soja, quando rotacionada após milho safrinha, sobre um Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico. Assim, foram estudadas as correlações lineares e espaciais entre os atributos do solo (MA, MI, PT, DS e MO) e os da planta (AP, AV, NV, NG, MM e PG), com o objetivo de selecionar aquele que melhor se apresentasse para explicar a produtividade de grãos de soja. Para tanto, na área agrícola da FEPE/Cerrado, instalou-se a malha geoestatística contendo 124 pontos amostrais, com espaçamento de 10,0 x 10,0 m, 5,0 x 5,0 m e 1,67 x 1,67 m entre eles, numa área total de 4000 m2. Do ponto de vista linear e espacial, foi observada correlação direta entre a macroporosidade, avaliada de zero-0,10 m de profundidade e a produtividade de grãos de soja, sugerindo-a como indicadora da qualidade física do solo pesquisado. / The crops are responsible for third of grain yield for the Brazilian food, performing economic and financial importance to the nation. Thus, in the agricultural year 2005/2006, the Finance of Education, Research and Extension, Universidade/UNESP-Campus Ilha Solteira, located in Selvíria-MS (20 ° 22'S, 51 º 22'W and 335m of altitude average) , evaluated the variability and spatial dependence among soil attributes and components of the soybean production, where rotational after winter maize on an Oxisol. Therefore, we studied the linear and spatial correlation between soil attributes (MA, MI, PT, DS, and MO) and the plant (AP, AV, NV, NG, MM and PG) with the goal of selecting that better to present to explain the grain yield of soybean. Thus, the area's agricultural FEPE / Cerrado, installed to geostatistics mesh containing 124 sampling points with spacing of 10.0 x 10.0 m, 5.0 x 5.0 x 1.67 m 1.67 m between them, a total area of 4000 m2. From a linear and space, was a direct correlation between the macroporosity, evaluated from zero-0, 10 m depth and grain yield of soybean, suggesting it as an indicator of soil physical quality searchable.

The environmental risk of growing genetically modified (GM) crops and particularly the spreading of GM genes to related non-GM crops is currently a concern in European agriculture. Because the risks of contamination are linked to the spatial and temporal arrangements of crops within the landscape, scenarios of crop arrangement are required to investigate the risks and potential coexistence measures. However, until recently, only manual methods were available to create scenarios. This thesis aims to provide a flexible referenced tool to create such scenarios. The model, called LandSFACTS, is a scientific research tool which allocates crops into fields, to meet user-defined crop spatio-temporal arrangements, using an empirical and statistical approach. The control of the crop arrangements is divided into two main sections: (i) the temporal arrangement of crops: encompassing crop rotations as transition matrices (specifically-developed methodology), temporal constraints (return period of crops, forbidden crop sequences), initial crops in fields regulated by temporal patterns (specifically-developed statistical analyses) and yearly crop proportions; and (ii) the spatial arrangements of crops: encompassing possible crops in fields, crop rotation in fields regulated by spatial patterns (specifically-developed statistical analyses), and spatial constraints (separation distances between crops). The limitations imposed by the model include the size of the smallest spatial and temporal unit: only one crop is allocated per field and per year. The model has been designed to be used by researchers with agronomic knowledge of the landscape. An assessment of the model did not lead to the detection of any significant flaws and therefore the model is considered valid for the stated specifications. Following this evaluation, the model is being used to fill incomplete datasets, build up and compare scenarios of crop allocations. Within the GM coexistence context, the model could provide useful support to investigate the impact of crop arrangement and potential coexistence measures on the risk of GM contamination of crops. More informed advice could therefore be provided to decision makers on the feasibility and efficiency of coexistence measures for GM cultivation.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-12-07Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:40:02Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 merlin_a_dr_botfca.pdf: 247238 bytes, checksum: 8b242166e83fa415bcc296dd80389b90 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O fornecimento de P para as culturas em solos tropicais é geralmente deficiente devido à sua natureza pouco solúvel no solo, e a adição de fertilizantes P tem sido obrigatória para se atingir rendimentos elevados. Uma abordagem possível é a adoção de sistemas de cultivo com plantas de alta eficiência no uso do P. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os mecanismos da braquiária (Brachiaria ruziziensis), cultivada em rotação, aumentando a disponibilidade de P no solo. Foram desenvolvidos dois experimentos: para o ensaio de campo os tratamentos foram doses de fosfato solúvel e natural aplicadas à lanço, com e sem cultivo de braquiária (Brachiaria ruziziensis). A gramínea foi cultivada por 289 dias e após esse período o solo foi amostrado de 0-5 e 5-10 cm de profundidade. O segundo experimento, em casa de vegetação, Brachiaria ruziziensis e Brachiaria brizantha foram cultivadas em solução nutritiva com complexos de P em óxidos de Ferro e Alumínio. À campo, os níveis de fósforo disponível foram superiores após o cultivo da gramínea. No experimento em casa de vegetação, o desenvolvimento das espécies de braquiária foi normal nos tratamentos onde o fósforo estava adsorvido pelos óxidos de Ferro e Alumínio, indicando a capacidade dessas duas espécies em acessar formas indisponíveis de P tornandoas disponíveis para outras culturas / Phosphorus supply to crops in tropical soils is usually deficient due its sparingly soluble nature in soil, and the addition of P fertilizers has been mandatory in order to achieve high yields. One potential approach is to adopt cropping systems that could increase plant available P in soil. The objective of this study was to examine the mechanisms of cover crop (Congo grass - Brachiaria ruziziensis) rotation in enhancing soil and fertilizer P availability using long-term field trials and laboratory chemical fractionation approaches. The first experiment was a field cropped under no-till for five years. No P or 35 kg ha-1 of P was applied on the soil surface as triple superphosphate or Arad rock phosphate and Congo grass was grown for 289 days. After this, soil samples were taken down to 10 cm and soil P was fractionated. The second experiment was carried out in a green house where the treatments were Brachiaria species (Brachiaria brizantha and Brachiaria ruziziensis) and two mineral-P complexes (goethite and amorphous Al-oxide) plus two controls with and without P as regular nutrient solution. In the first experiment, soil available P, as estimated by resin extraction was increased by congo grass down to10 cm when P fertilizers were applied. At the nutrient solution experiment, after 14 days of cultivation, the dry matter yields of both Brachiaria species were not affected by oxide-P (goethite-P or Al oxide-P) as sole P source, demonstrating that Brachiaria species could access non-labile adsorbed when P was supplied with Al oxide-P and goethite-P

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