by Lam Pai-mui. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-73). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.v / LIST OF GRAPHS --- p.vi / CHAPTER / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- CONCEPT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE --- p.7 / Chapter III. --- MANAGEMEOT IN CHINA --- p.14 / Historical Setting --- p.14 / Problems in the Past --- p.15 / Organizational Structure --- p.15 / Managerial Skills --- p.16 / Party and Management --- p.16 / Operations --- p.18 / Motivation and Labor Discipline --- p.18 / Economic and Management Reforms --- p.19 / Chapter IV. --- IMPACT OF CULTURE --- p.22 / Key Features --- p.22 / Respect for Age and Hierarchy --- p.22 / Group Orientation --- p.22 / Face' --- p.23 / Relationships --- p.23 / Cultural Consequences --- p.24 / Chapter V. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.36 / Questionnaires --- p.36 / Sampling --- p.38 / Distribution of Questionnaires --- p.39 / Chapter VI. --- FINDINGS --- p.41 / Company Profile --- p.41 / Demographic Profile --- p.41 / Organizational Climate --- p.48 / Comparison between Local and Foreign Firms --- p.59 / Chapter VII. --- SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION --- p.64 / APPENDIX I : ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE QUESTIONNAIRE --- p.67 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.71

Chan Ping-Kong, Lo Yee-Wah, Eva, Chen Chien-Yeh. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-54). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENT --- p.iii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.iii / Hong Kong Economic Indicators --- p.Table2-1 / Taiwan Economic Indicators --- p.Table2-2 / Population in Major Cities in China --- p.Table2-3 / "Retail Sales Growth in Shanghai, Guangdong & Fujian" --- p.Table2-4 / China/ Shanghai Economic Indicators --- p.Table2-5 / Methodology Flowchart --- p.Table4-1 / Chapter / Chapter I --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- The concept of Greater China and its significance --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Greater China Regional Strategy of MNCs --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- The Cultural Challenge --- p.2 / Chapter 1.4 --- Culture and Management --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Corporate Culture --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Corporate Culture and Managerial Value --- p.3 / Chapter II --- COUNTRY BACKGROUND --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Hong Kong --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2 --- Taiwan/Taipei --- p.6 / Chapter 2.3 --- China/Shanghai --- p.7 / Chapter III --- COMPANY BACKGROUND AND MANAGEMENT STYLE …… --- p.9 / Chapter 3.1 --- Johnson & Johnson Corporation --- p.9 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- J&J (H.K.) Ltd.- Consumer Products Division --- p.10 / Chapter 3.1.2. --- J&J( Taiwan) Ltd --- p.11 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Shanghai J&J Corporation --- p.12 / Chapter 3.2 --- Unilever --- p.13 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Unilever Hong Kong --- p.14 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- FUIC/ Unilever Taiwan --- p.15 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Unilever China --- p.15 / Chapter 3.3 --- Janssen Pharmaceuticals Ltd --- p.16 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Janssen Hong Kong --- p.17 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Janssen Taiwan --- p.18 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Janssen Xian --- p.18 / Chapter IV --- METHODOLOGY --- p.20 / Chapter 4.1 --- Design and Approach --- p.20 / Chapter 4.2 --- Procedure and Method --- p.21 / Chapter V --- ANALYSIS --- p.23 / Chapter 5.1 --- Model of Analysis --- p.23 / Chapter 5.2 --- Independent Variables Analysis --- p.24 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- National Culture Analysis --- p.24 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Development Stage Analysis --- p.26 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Corporate Culture Analysis --- p.27 / Chapter 5.3 --- Definition of Dependent Variables --- p.31 / Chapter VI --- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION --- p.33 / Chapter 6.1 --- Results Format --- p.33 / Chapter 6.2 --- Results Grouped by Country --- p.34 / Chapter 6.3 --- Patterns of Independent Variables --- p.34 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- National Culture --- p.35 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Corporate Culture --- p.35 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Development Stage --- p.35 / Chapter 6.4 --- Relationship of Independent Variables and Dependent Variables --- p.35 / Chapter VII --- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.38 / Chapter 7.1 --- Leadership Quality --- p.38 / Chapter 7.2 --- Organisational Structure --- p.39 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Senior Level --- p.39 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Middle and Junior Level --- p.40 / Chapter VIII --- APPENDIX --- p.41 / Chapter 8.1 --- Summary of Analysis of Presence and Nature of Dependent Variables among Respondents --- p.41 / Chapter 8.2 --- Questionnaires --- p.45 / Chapter IX --- BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.52 / Chapter X --- ATTACHMENT --- p.55 / Chapter 10.1 --- Contact report of the interviews --- p.55

Recent work has shown that paranoia - excessive suspiciousness of others - exists on a spectrum of severity in the adult general population. Yet little is known about either the nature of mistrust in children or whether studying paranoia in children could increase our understanding of the aetiology of adult paranoia and inform early prevention strategies. The current thesis, comprised of three main studies, adopted a hitherto lacking developmental perspective to examine social mistrust in middle childhood. The first goal was to assess the structure, prevalence, correlates and short-term stability of childhood mistrust in nonclinical samples drawn from two different countries (the UK and Hong Kong). Classroom-based surveys of 8- to 14-year-olds from the UK (N = 1,086) and Hong Kong (N = 1,470) were carried out between 2011 and 2014. A new measure developed for the study was administered: The Social Mistrust Scale. The second goal was to examine children’s definitions and reasons for social trust and mistrust. This was a large qualitative examination of interviews with children, in order to learn more about the phenomenon at this age and generate future research questions to test. The final main goal was to test the association with childhood mistrust and a number of potential causal factors identified from the adult literature. Cognitive processes (i.e., reasoning bias, theory of mind and executive function) and psychosocial risk factors (i.e., bullying, loneliness, peer-rated social status, and hostile attribution bias) were studied. Overall, this thesis presented evidence that: (i) Social mistrust is prevalent in a minority of children, and it is associated with both internalising and externalising problems; (ii) Qualitative interviews indicated that mistrust was often well-justified but that a minority of children may well be having excessive suspiciousness about being targeted; (iii) Mistrustful children (especially with mistrust about school) report persistent victimisation and hostile attribution bias but do not show biases in non-affective cognitive performance compared with trusting peers; and (iv) There is moderate agreement between self-report and interviewer assessments of paranoia, child and peer ratings of mistrust but not with parent ratings. This thesis began the task of researching a developmental perspective on childhood suspiciousness, extending the work in adults. Mistrust is present in children and associated with symptoms of mental health problems and adverse experiences. The extent to which the fears were unfounded (i.e. true paranoia was assessed) was not established in the thesis nor the causal direction of the associations found. Continued research on social mistrust in community children and beyond may provide promising avenues to earlier preventions and better treatments of paranoia.

Law Wing-Man Rita. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 32-33). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract / English version --- p.v / Chinese version --- p.vi / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction / Importance of Relationships and Avoidance of Interpersonal Harm --- p.1 / Regulation of Hostility by Cognitive Adjustments --- p.2-3 / Plausible Psychological Mechanism Behind the Regulation of Hostility --- p.3-6 / Purposes and Design of the Present Study --- p.6-7 / Cross-Cultural Examinations --- p.7-8 / Hypotheses of the Present Study --- p.8 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Method / Participants --- p.9 / Procedure --- p.9 / Measurement scales --- p.9-12 / Overview of the Data Analyses --- p.12-14 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Results / Means and Zero-Order Correlations --- p.15-18 / Testing the Measurement Model Across Cultures --- p.18-19 / Testing the Validity of the Original Models Across Cultures --- p.23-24 / Testing Model A with Familiarity Across Cultures / Chapter ■ --- Testing Factor Invariance --- p.19-20 / Chapter ■ --- Testing Path Invariance in the Final Model --- p.20-22 / Explained Variances for Hostility --- p.23 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Discussion / Rejecting Model B Across All Cultures --- p.2 / Accepting Model A Across All Cultures --- p.24-25 / Pancultural Model of Interpersonally triggered Hostility --- p.25 / Culture-Specific Properties of the Model --- p.25-26 / The Role of Familiarity --- p.26-27 / Relationships Among Variables From Original Model A --- p.27-28 / Implications of Cultural Effects --- p.29 / Limitations and Implications for Further Studies --- p.29-30 / Closing Remarks --- p.30-31 / References --- p.32-33 / Tables / "Table 1: Means and Standard Deviations of Variables, Along With Scale Properties" --- p.16 / Table 2: Correlations Among Variables in the Four Cultural Groups --- p.17 / Table 3: Findings of Tests for Path Invariance --- p.21 / Figures / Figure 1: Model A (with Modified Measures) --- p.4 / Figure 2. Model B (with Modified Measures) --- p.5 / Figure 3. Model A with Familiarity --- p.13 / Appendix / Items on the Questionnaire --- p.34-36

Emotion theories from social and functionalist perspectives have greatly emphasized the importance of relationship contexts for emotions (Carolyn, 2004; Lazarus, 1991), yet relatively few empirical efforts have been spent on exploring whether and how individuals differentially deal with anger under different relationship contexts. Study 1 investigated how individuals' anger responses might vary with relationship contexts across cultural contexts. Two hundred and sixty-six participants from America, Hong Kong and Mainland China reported their responses toward anger-eliciting scenarios that were elicited by a kin, a close or a casual friend. Results indicated that, after controlling for demographic variables, personality, and relationship qualities, individuals displayed a higher level of direct and replaced aggression but a lower level of cognitive reappraisal and indirect aggression in kinship than in the two types of friendships across the three samples. While Hong Kong Chinese displayed a higher level of fractious motives in kinship than in two types of friendships, Mainland Chinese displayed a lower level of malevolent motives in kinship than in two types of friendships. / To resolve the controversy between two interpretations for the above relationship effect on anger response, we conducted an experiment to examine the roles of approach and avoidance motives in determining relationship effects on anger responses in Study 2. One hundred and fifty two Hong Kong Chinese female participants' anger responses during emotion recalling tasks were assessed in terms of subjective feeling, physiological arousal and facial expression, after approach and avoidance motives were manipulated. Results revealed that, even after controlling for relevant personality traits, demographic variables, and relationship qualities, individuals displayed a higher level of anger-related subjective feeling and facial expression in kinship than in friendship. Such relationship effects were reversed and disappeared when approach and avoidance motives. In addition, we found that approach motives reduced individuals' sympathetic activation to anger-eliciting events in kinship, and avoidance motives lowered individuals' parasympathetic activation to happy events in friendship. The above findings have great implications for anger regulation and health promotion under relationship contexts. / You, Jin. / Adviser: Helene H. L. Fung. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-01, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-92). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

Chan Kit Sze Amy. / "June 2002." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 332-354). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Thesis ( M.A. (African Languages)) --University of Limpopo, 2013 / Refer to document

Grit, the concept consisting of perseverance and passion towards a desired long-term goal, has been spotlighted as a key psychological resource that is predictive of positive life outcomes including academic achievement, professional success and subjective well-being. Despite its popularity within and outside of academia, much more needs to be researched before we can understand its properties and sociological utility. This dissertation explores the potential location of grit within various sociological discourses, including literature on agency, stratification, and perceived meritocracy. In addition, I explore the relationship between social status, subjective agency, the social valuation of grit, and grit cross-culturally to place grit within proper cultural and structural contexts. In Chapter 2, I propose the psychological notion of grit as a potentially useful variable in sociological analysis and explore its potential for contributing to addressing sociological concerns including human agency and stratification. Grit could work as a “behavioral engine” transforming subjective beliefs about agency (e.g., sense of control) to agentic practices that potentially produce better life outcomes. In Chapter 3, using new cross-cultural data collected from South Korea and the United States, I test the current measure of grit, the Grit-S scale, that is developed and predominantly tested in the United States, in two different countries, South Korea and the United States. I find in both countries grit is better understood as the concept consisting of two separate dimensions, perseverance and passion, rather than a global concept. In addition, I find the perseverance facet of grit, but not the passion facet, shows the distinctive utility in explaining subjective well-being beyond subjective agency (i.e., sense of control) in both countries. In Chapter 4, I analyze novel cross-cultural data collected from four nations (France, South Korea, Turkey and the United States) and find an indirect linkage between a person’s socioeconomic status and the level of grit through positive associations with the sense of control. That is, people with a higher socioeconomic status tend to hold stronger beliefs about one’s agency, and those who are strong believers in one’s control over life outcomes, in turn, are more likely to develop grit in these four countries. In Chapter 5, using the same cross-cultural data used in Chapter 3, I investigate the social valuation of grit and whether and how the valuation of grit is associated with individual development of grit in South Korea and the United States. In both countries, grit is valued as a desirable virtue that leads to success in life. However, there is within-society variance: people from lower social statuses tend to value grit as a virtue that leads to success more than those from higher statuses in both country samples. In addition, I find people with a higher sense of control are more likely to value grit as a virtue, and valuing grit is positively associated with the individual development of perseverance in both countries.

archives@tulane.edu / Multicultural psychologists have discussed the growing concern over ecological validity in understanding children’s mental health: insufficient participatory efforts to incorporate marginalized perspectives have led to a subsequent lack of inclusive, culturally sensitive definitions of support and support systems. The phenomenology around experiences, beliefs and perceptions is an integral component in describing support and support systems, where the composition and content of support systems depend on context and culture. Using archival qualitative research data from focus groups and ecomaps conducted with elementary school-aged children across 9 of the 14 international sites in the Promoting Psychological Well¬-Being Globally (PPWBG) project (Nastasi & Borja, 2016), the present research used children’s voices in identifying contextually-relevant sources of support, as well as patterns across 9 of the 14 sites. The present research was a part of a multi-method study, serving as a secondary analysis to triangulate (across two methods) previously analyzed data elicited from the focus groups (Borja et al., 2016) and ecomap tool (Borja et al., 2017). The goal of triangulation was to examine for consistent themes related to support and enhance the credibility of the combined tools’ ability to elicit data around support. The triangulation yielded 33 codes related to systems of support for psychological well-being¬. A thematic analysis condensed the codes into 5 broad themes: Financial/Material Support, Emotional Support, Social Support, Recreational Activities and Academic Support. These themes were salient across the nine sites. Ultimately, the five themes were either identified as being possibly global or context-specific, which may be useful in future research to inform practice and instrument development. / 1 / Sydney A. Wing

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