Due to global market competition, to increase business advantage and to reduce the producing cost, more and more companies branch in overseas countries. Therefore, it¡¦s important if the dispatched personnel could follow the policy of the company and create business advantage. Overseas personnel have to face different culture and people. How they adapt to multi-culture would be effected by their personality, background, and experience. If overseas personnel could adapt to multi-culture well would lead to good operation of business policy. Therefore, do the Overseas personnel s have sharp observation on their entrepreneurship, how could they Risk-taking, their determination and locus of control when an enterprise choose Overseas personnel. In the past, Scholars mainly study Personality Traits tocross-cultural adjustment or Personality Traits to entrepreneurship¡¦s effect. However, is overseas personnel¡¦s adaption to the new culture, work, and life effecting their Innovativeness¡BRisk-taking and Proactiveness This research will study the relations between Overseas personnel¡¦s personality, cross-cultural adjustment, and entrepreneurship by using questionnaire. After the empirical research, the findings as follow: 1. Overseas personnel¡¦s personality has significant positive effect on cross-cultural adjustment. 2. Overseas personnel¡¦s personality has some positive effect on entrepreneurship. 3. Overseas personnel¡¦s personality has mediating effect between through personality and entrepreneurship. 4. The correlations between Overseas personnel¡¦s multi-culture adaption and entrepreneurship is partly positive. 5. Overseas personnel¡¦s background has great effect on their personality is partly proofed to be positive. 6. Overseas personnel¡¦s background has great effect on their cross-cultural adjustment is partly proofed to be positive. 7. Overseas personnel¡¦s background has great effect on their entrepreneurship is partly proofed to be positive.

Thesis (MA (Clinical Psychology))--University of Pretoria, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2004. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 130 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-113).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2003. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-100). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (D. Min.)--Trinity International University, 2002. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 216-224).

The field of psychotherapy is not objective. Like any social construction, it is a product of the values of the culture in which it was developed. The theories and principles that form the cornerstones of Western psychotherapy reflect a number of Western ideals and biases, one of which is individualism. As such, it is important that we examine the impact that such a bias can have on clinical judgment, particularly since so many clients come from collectivist cultures, and since inaccurate clinical decisions that derive from flawed etiologies and character assessment can have such serious repercussions. / The following study investigates, both qualitatively and quantitatively, how this individualistic bias in Western psychotherapy influences the clinical judgment and inference-making process. Within a Repeated Measures design, 84 graduate students provided assessments of two different clinical vignettes that were each alternated to reflect a client with either individualist or collectivist values. All participants were also asked to provide qualitative assessments of the casefiles, and a total of seven participants discussed their clinical impressions in greater depth during two different focus groups that were conducted at a later date. The focus groups were organized around four broad-based themes that were intended to clarify the study's earlier findings, and shed light on the processes underlying participants' clinical assessments. / Results from this study suggest that clinicians do tend to view individualism as psychologically healthier than collectivism. While the findings indicate that clinicians tend to pathologize collectivism more in men than in women, factors other than gender also appear to interact with individualism-collectivism values to impact clinical assessment. Implications of these findings, as well as proposed directions for future research within the context of this study's limitations, are discussed.

The underlying assumptions of Western counselling and psychotherapy are based on Western European values such as individualism and autonomy. How applicable then are the goals and practices of Western counselling and psychotherapy when applied to non-Western cultures? This research study interviews eight Western-trained Chinese counsellors/psychotherapists who have experience with counselling both Western European clients and Chinese clients. It was found that the establishment of rapport using traditional Western counselling theories has varying amounts of success depending on (a.) the familiarity of the client to Western values, (b.) the familiarity of the counsellor/psychotherapist with Chinese values, (c.) the awareness to not apply knowledge of a client's culture in a stereotypical way, and (d.) the willingness of the counsellor/psychotherapist to be open, flexible, and patient in negotiating a process that fits comfortably with BOTH the particular counsellor/psychotherapist's cultural bias and the particular client's cultural bias.

The study examined the benefits of implementing multicultural music education into an elementary school's music curriculum. Conducted in a region with a culturally diverse student population, the study surveyed in-service music teachers and elementary students' parents on their perceptions of multicultural music education. Meanwhile, a set of experimental classes focused on Chinese music was taught to a diverse class of Grade 5 students to study their reactions and learning outcomes when studying non-Western music. Results indicate that (a) multicultural music needs to be better implemented in Ontario's music curriculum, (b) students receive non-Western music with enthusiasm, and (c) if taught responsibly, learning music from non-Western cultures can expand individual students' musical and cultural horizons, help eliminate stereotypes and discrimination in society, and possibly elevate the status of music education in schools.

In recent years, an important focus has been placed on training counsellors to attend to cultural diversity. In an effort to assist counsellors in this process, models of Multicultural Counselling Competencies (MCC) have been developed for work with adult populations. Unfortunately, little attention has been given to adapting these models or developing specific models for counselling with adolescents. While clinical guidelines have been proposed for counsellors working with culturally diverse youth, they have yet to be empirically tested. The present study investigated the MCC which former adolescent clients believed to be important to them when they attended counselling. Participants included 20 women between the ages of 18 and 23 who sought counselling when they were between the ages of 12 and 19. Participants completed an in-depth qualitative interview about their counselling experiences and were asked to discuss the aspects of counselling they found to be most and least helpful. The interview data was analyzed using phenomenological methodology. The components of cultural competence (counsellor awareness, knowledge, and skills) proposed in the tripartite model of MCC and the multicultural counselling relationship were used as points of entry in the data analysis process. The results of this study provided support for the integration of these competencies in counselling with female adolescents. However, participant's accounts indicated that the competencies of awareness, knowledge, skills, and relationship are not sufficient for culturally competent counselling to occur. Additional MCC were found to be important for work with female adolescents, including cultural sensitivity, family interventions, and help beyond counselling. The results of this study have important implications for the training and practice of psychology. Obtaining the viewpoint of female clients who attended counselling during their adolescence was invaluable, as they offered a unique perspective, which was not previously available in the literature. This unique viewpoint informs us about the specific needs of female adolescents and provides useful information about the MCC counsellors may need to develop in order to work with this population.

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