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Between likeness and unlikeness: a fusion of Chinese ink painting aesthetics into the medium of photographyPing (Heidi), Xu January 2007 (has links)
This is a practice-based research project that explores a new aesthetic perspective and approach in the Western medium of photography, through the application and interpretation of contemporary Chinese master artist Qi Baishi’s philosophical notion of between likeness and unlikeness. Rooted in Chinese ink painting tradition, Qi Baishi [齊白石] (1864-1957) developed and created his theory of achieving likeness in spirit and unlikeness in form as the ultimate goal of painting aesthetics. Adapting Qi’s aesthetics and design approaches to inform the research, and through theoretical explorations and photographic practices, a series of works will be developed that manifests the fusion of Chinese aesthetics with Western photography, to propose a confluent cross-cultural aesthetic thought. The aspiration of drawing upon Qi’s aesthetics at a philosophical level, which is unfamiliar in the context of Western photography, has posed a challenge to the creative exploration. The final outcome is intended to trigger aesthetic resonance in the viewers to further dialectic discussion. The outcome of this research project is presented through a series of photographic works and displayed in a gallery environment.
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Exploring the Relationships between Individualism and Collectivism and Attitudes towards Counselling among Ethnic Chinese, Australian, and American University Studentspsnider@central.murdoch.edu.au, Paul Dabney Snider January 2003 (has links)
Exploring the Relationships Between Individualism and Collectivism and Attitudes Towards Counselling Among Ethnic Chinese, Australian, and American University Students Compensating for reduced public funding, Australian and American universities actively recruit full-fee paying East Asian international students. University staff, aware of international students having difficulties coping with cultural and emotional issues, often encourage them to seek university counselling services. However, East Asian international students under-utilise Western universities counselling services.
It has been argued that the Western concept of counselling reflects Western cultural values, in particular individualism. Thus the reluctance of international students from more collectivistic cultures to seek counselling services may in part be due to a clash of cultural values. Over a decade ago, Draguns hypothesised the existence of a relationship between Hofstedes cultural dimensions of individualism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity, and their influence on individuals attitudes towards psychopathology and treatment modalities. The current study sought to offer empirical support for Draguns hypothesis as it related to individualism and power distance, and to attitudes towards counselling. In place of Hofstedes cultural dimensions, this study used the Triandis cultural concepts of vertical and horizontal individualism and collectivism.
Using the Triandis Individualism Collectivism Scale (ICS) and the Tinsley Expectations about Counseling-Brief Form (EAC-B)questionnaire, the current study explores the relationship between levels of vertical and horizontal individualism and collectivism, and attitudes towards the roles of counsellors, the roles of clients, and the process and goals of counselling. The research is based on data collected from three cultural groups: ethnic Chinese international students attending Australian universities, and Australian and American university students enrolled in their home countries.
This study is unusual in cross-cultural research owing to its use of the Rasch extended logistic model of modern item response theory (IRT) as a means of validating the data prior to standard statistical analysis. Whereas classical test theory emphasises the model fitting the data, the Rasch model of IRT requires that the data fit the model to be considered valid. Psychometric analysis of the ICS found its four scales separately fit the Rasch model quite well, as did three modified scales of the EAC-B.
The IRT analysis also provided a means of identifying differential item functioning (DIF), that is, items functioning differently (demonstrating bias) among
the three cultural groups.
Using the EAC-B to collect pre and post-intervention data, the current study assessed the effectiveness of a videotape intervention as a means of changing within and between-group attitudes towards counselling. It was anticipated that ethnic Chinese participants, representing the group with the least familiarity with counselling, would show the greatest change in counselling attitudes as a result of the intervention. Americans were expected to show the least change, and Australian participants to be in the middle position. Based on the findings, the intervention did not significantly alter the participants attitudes towards counselling regardless of their cultural background. Overall, the intervention served to strengthen existing attitudes.
Lastly as a means of gaining a deeper understanding of the quantitative findings, the study collected qualitative data from the participants and from university counsellors. These findings indicated that there was a general lack of knowledge about university counselling services even among those participants who were familiar with counselling as a concept. Participants, in general, expressed reservations about seeking counselling due to concerns of being seen by friends. This was particularly true for the Chinese. Chinese participants also expressed scepticism towards a non-Chinese counsellors ability to understand their problems.
In reference to Draguns hypothesis, overall the findings from this study supported his model. The findings indicated that individuals endorsing collectivistic attitudes expressed a strong preference for counsellors who were direct, expert-like, and helped clients seek concrete solutions to their problems. The study also found that an individuals expressions of cultural dimensions, such as vertical collectivism, were better predictors of counsellor preference than an individuals cultural background.
These findings have implications for university policy makers who are responsible for ensuring the existence of an infrastructure capable of meeting the needs of the international students they so actively recruit. This would include appropriate funding for an adequate and diverse counselling staff extending itself to the university community. There are also implications for counsellor education programs in recognising the link between cultural variables and client expectations.
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Cross-cultural aspects of reading practices : a longitudinal study of Thai and Indian/Bangladeshi postgraduate students' metacognitive and framing abilities when reading at an Australian universityjoysi@iprimus.com.au, Joyce Bell January 2002 (has links)
This research aimed at understanding the reading practices of two groups of
international postgraduate students across three semesters. The research was
underpinned by a conceptual framework incorporating metacognitive concepts with
framing theory. The methodology involved individual interviews using academic text
and pair think-alouds followed by retrospective interviews using general-interest
texts. The interviews and pair think-alouds took place at an Australian university with
Thai and IndianBangladeshi postgraduate students and at university campuses in
Thailand and India.
The data selected from the interviews and pair think-alouds revealed significant
changes in reading practices between first and third semester at an Australian
university and the participants' awareness of these changes. The participants'
reflections also provided some explanation for the differences in their cognitive and
metacognitive strategy use.
The research study was important because, at the postgraduate level, students are
faced with complex text interpretation processes. International students, in addition,
have to make a significant cultural/study shift; not only do they have to become accustomed to the reading of academic texts using discipline-specific patterns but
often have to adjust to different conventions used by authors from cultural
backgrounds other than their own. Little is known, in particular, about Thai and
Indianmangladeshi postgraduate students' reading experiences in their own countries
or how their reading practices change during study at an Australian university.
The research findings suggest a dynamic, multi-dimensional, developmental
framework for conceptualising international postgraduate students' reading practices
in first semester at an Australian university, and the changes in reading practices and
the educational and socio-cultural influences on these changes by third semester; the
findings, in addition, can inform the debate on literacy levels in the cross-cultural
academic environment and can contribute to discussions on such pedagogical issues
as reforming of curricular structure, the internationalisation of curricula and the
development of more culturally sensitive supervisory frameworks.
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Crafting a cross-cultural college course in marriage counseling for pastoral training through distance educationLear, Joseph M. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (D. Min.)--Westminster Theological Seminary (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 259-277).
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The impact of cultural value orientation on customer perceptions of post-recovery service satisfaction in an Eastern context /Prasongsukarn, Kriengsin. January 2005 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of New South Wales, 2005. / Also available online.
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Vasomotor reactivity studies of small and large coronary arteries /Beltrame, John Francis. January 1998 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Medicine, 2000. / Errata and corrigenda inserted at end of thesis. Bibliography: leaves 290-337.
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Variation in cranial base flexion and craniofacial morphology in modern humans /Simpson, Ellie Kristina. January 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Dept. of Anatomical Sciences and Dental School, 2005. / "July 2005" Bibliography: leaves 263-273. Also available in a print form.
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Toward measurement of self-efficacy for cross-cultural researchNowak, Sarah Katherine, January 2008 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Washington State University, August 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-113).
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Examining multicultural counseling competencies among racial/ethnic minority and international psychological traineesChaichanasakul, Adipat. January 2008 (has links)
Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. / The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 25, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.
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Maximizing informal learning in an intentional missionary training communityBrynjolfson, Robert Walter. January 2006 (has links) (PDF)
Thesis (D. Min.)--Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, 2006. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 202-211).
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