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Cross-Cultural Training of Expatriates : A Case Study of EricssonÖsterdahl, Gabriel, Hånberg, Christian January 2009 (has links)
Adjustment to a new culture is a slow and step-wise process, which can be facilitated by cross-cultural training. First, a comprehensive review of current theories about cross-cultural adjustment and different training techniques is presented. Then, the study looks at the preparation and training of expatriates at Ericsson in relation to these theories. In-depth interviews with two Area Managers at Ericsson have been carried out in order to establish how the company’s training program is structured. We found that Ericsson follows a sequential model with both pre-departure and post-arrival training, mainly didactic in nature. The pre-departure training is very culturegeneral, whereas the post-arrival training is more specific for the host culture. The post-arrival training is, however, not offered in all host countries. Language training is also offered, and expatriates are encouraged to visit the host country prior to the departure. Many components in Ericsson’s training program are supported by theory,but several other techniques described in the theory are not in use. A suggestion is made to further formalize the post-arrival training and make the overall training more culture-specific.
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Knowledge transfer in a cross-cultural context : Case study within a Swedish R&D company: Offshore outsourcing to IndiaAlmstedt, Karin January 2008 (has links)
The global competition and as the worldwide market has become more open a company’s ability to outsource activities to external companies based in other countries, i.e. offshore outsourcing, has increased dramatically. Companies are starting to transfer higher value-added activities that require certain skills, domain knowledge and experience, i.e. Knowledge Process Outsourcing (KPO). These activities are getting more difficult and complex to manage compared with standardised activities such as payroll, and predict another kind of co-operation and communication between the companies. When the sender and receiver are based in different context, such as organisational and cultural, other aspects might be added to the difficulty. The purpose of this thesis is to describe, and analyse knowledge transfer in a cross cultural context based on three categories identified in the theoretical framework: character of knowledge, distances between sending and receiving context and mutual understanding. Also to answer how cultural differences might affect the knowledge transfer process. The objective of this study is mainly from a Swedish R&D company’s perspective that has an established relation with an external consultancy company based in India. The activities are within the area of dynamical changing software development of complex, communication and knowledge intensive products. A qualitative case study has been performed based on open target interviews. The findings show that the character of knowledge is an important factor to consider when establishing the knowledge transfer process. It was a need to transfer knowledge not only related to the product itself but also knowledge embedded in organisational routines, processes, practises and norms. This is related to distances between sending and receiving context: organisational and knowledge differences shown in organisational skills and previous experience, and cultural differences mainly visible in communication such as raising problems and an expected top-down approach by managers. The geographical distance adds to the difficulty due to the missing face-to-face contact. The sending company must therefore be very active and can not just expect the receiving company to handle the activity, and especially when the companies’ prerequisites differ as much as in this case. Culture awareness and mutual understanding are factors that improve knowledge transfer.
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Transkulturella möten inom mödravården : Barnmorskors egna erfarenheterSundholm, Anna, Jalal, Akar January 2009 (has links)
The purpose of this study was to look at the experiences of midwives in maternalhealth care encounters with non-european-born women and men, and to determine ifmidwives deem any special competence necessary to handle these encounters well.We gathered information by means of qualitative interviews and semi structuredquestions with eight midwives all of whom matched the inclusion criterias and gavetheir personal consent. Midwives from four district health care centers in Uppsalawere included. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed by means of qualitativecontent analysis.The results reveal the experiences from encounters with non-european patients to betwofold. On one hand the encounter is a positive, exiting experience with anopportunity to learn more about a foreign culture and exchange experiences. On theother hand complications can occur as patients may have unexpected expectationsregarding the health care, have great difficulties with the language or haveexperienced traumatizing incidents, all on top of coming to Sweden alone withoutrelatives.In the encounter with non-european-born patients the midwives consider it importantto have special competence in form of knowledge of other cultures and religions asthis provides a greater understanding of the reasoning behind the patients’ decisions.Cultural competence is also important as it helps avoid inadvertently insulting thepatient during the encounter.The special competence held by the midwives has been attained from their basic andspecialist education as well as from self acquired experiences and interests. A lifelongeducation is required to uphold this competence as well as a dialog betweenmidwives at the health care clinic.
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La concezione dell'apprendimento in differenti livelli scolastici: uno studio interculturale / Concepts of Learning in Various Groups in School: a Cross- Cultural StudyGIORDANELLI, CINZIA 09 March 2007 (has links)
Le concezioni sull'apprendimento vengono intese come insiemi di opinioni riguardo alla natura e ai processi dell'apprendimento. Ricerche recenti condotte su tali concezioni indicano che le persone sviluppano insiemi coerenti di credenze circa l'apprendimento. Il primo obiettivo degli studi qui riportati è di approfondire l'analisi dei rapporti tra aspetti cognitivi, emotivi e attributivi delle concezioni sull'apprendimento. Il secondo obiettivo è di stabilire in che misura queste concezioni differiscono tra le culture. A tal fine è stato impiegato un questionario che invita gli studenti a esplicitare le loro idee circa l'apprendimento. Il questionario è stato compilato da studenti di scuola secondaria e universitari di differenti paesi. E' emerso che all'incirca i medesimi gruppi coerenti di credenze sono condivisi dagli studenti nei vari paesi. Le differenze interculturali trovate sono spiegabili facendo riferimento sia alle condizioni socio-economiche che alle specifiche caratteristiche dei sistemi di istruzione dei vari paesi, così come ad aspetti temperamentali. / Concepts of learning are described in terms of people's opinions about the nature and the processes involved in learning. Recent studies about popular conceptions of learning suggested that people develop consistent patterns of beliefs. The first aim of this investigation was to deepen the analysis of the relationship among the cognitive, emotional and attributive aspects of the conception about learning. The second aim was to assess to what extent such conceptions differ from one culture to another. A questionnaire about the popular conception of learning, designed to ask students to express their opinions about learning, was employed. The questionnaire was administered to samples of various secondary school and university students recruited in different countries. Results showed that approximately the same coherent patterns of belief are shared by learners across the world. The cross-cultured differences which were found can be interpreted by making reference both to socio-economical conditions and to specific features of the instructional systems, as well as to temperamental factors.
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Leadership in Russia : A cross-cultural leadership study on the dynamics involved in being a Swedish expatriateLindh, Joar, Afeworki, Eden January 2013 (has links)
Managing a diverse workforce has become a growing challenge for leaders, due to increased globalization and demographic changes. As a result, leaders that can handle those challenges become important for successful business across borders. With respect to this, the complexities of leadership in Russia is an under-researched and increasingly important research area, due to the rapid changes that have occurred in the country the last 25 years. This study explores the challenges that Swedish expatriate leaders face whilst operating in Russia and, furthermore, how they tackle them. The study is of explorative character, with a qualitative research methodology, and is based on 17 interviews with different Swedish leaders across various industries. The findings show that Swedish leaders experience challenges with the following: involving employees in decision making processes; handling steep hierarchies; finding the right people in the dynamic Russian labour market; comprehending the idiosyncrasies of Russian culture. In conclusion, the study shows that Swedish leaders are keen to implement a Swedish company culture based on empowerment, although the specificities of being an expatriate leader in Russia makes it necessary to adapt to some of the conflicting expectations of the Russian employees.
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A comparative study of apparel shopping orientations between Asian Americans and Caucasian AmericansHo, Shan-hsin Angie 05 February 1991 (has links)
Very little empirical research has been conducted on
Asian Americans as a whole in relation to their consumer
behavior, specifically their clothing behavior. A review of
literature demonstrated that Asian Americans have been
studied from different psychographic and sociological
aspects. However, the apparel shopping behavior of this
market has received only slight research attention. The
purpose of this study was to compare Asian Americans and
Caucasian Americans with regards to apparel shopping
orientations. This study also examined the relationship
between apparel shopping orientations and intensity of
ethnic identification among Asian Americans.
The multimediation model of consumer behavior (EKB
model) proposed by Engel, Kollat and Blackwell (1973) was
used as a theoretical framework for the present study.
Based on the EKB model, it was expected that people of
different cultural backgrounds were different in terms of
their consumer behavior. Another conceptual framework used
in the present study was the concept of shopping
orientations, introduced by Stone (1954). Apparel shopping
orientations refer to motivations, interests and attitudes
toward apparel shopping.
Seven shopping orientations were selected for the
present study. They were: economic shopping, personalizing
shopping, recreational shopping, social shopping (including
friend social shopping and family social shopping), brand
loyal shopping, impulse shopping and fashion orientations.
The fashion orientation included four factors: fashion
leadership, fashion interest, fashion importance and antifashion
attitude.
The nature of the study was observational, in which no
variables were manipulated. The data collection method
involved a mailed questionnaire. The questionnaire included
questions measuring seven shopping orientations, Asian
Americans' intensity of ethnic identification and questions
on demographic characteristics. A purposive sample of 300
Asian American and 300 Caucasian American students were
drawn from the students enrolled at Oregon State University
for 1990 Fall term.
A pretest was conducted before the data were collected.
Dillman's "Total Design Method" (1978) was used as a
guideline when implementing the data collection procedures.
The response rates were 75.9% for the total sample, with
72.6% for the Asian group and 79.0% for the Caucasian group.
The collected data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of
variance (MANOVA), t-test and Pearson correlation.
Significant differences were found between Asian and
Caucasian American respondents on social shopping, including
both friend social and family social shopping, brand loyal
shopping, and fashion leadership orientations.
The Asian respondents were found to be significantly
more brand loyal and liked to shop with friends or family
members than were the Caucasian respondents. The Asian
American students were also found to be more likely to
regard themselves as fashion leaders than were the Caucasian
students in this study.
Also a negative correlation was found between intensity
of ethnic identification and fashion importance among Asian
American respondents. This finding indicated that the more
an Asian respondent identified with Asian ethnicity, the
less (s)he considered being well-dressed to be important. / Graduation date: 1991
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Northern Youth Abroad: Exploring the Effects of a Cross-cultural Exchange Program from the Perspectives of Nunavut Inuit YouthsAylward, Erin 13 September 2012 (has links)
Nunavut Inuit youths exhibit cultural resilience and leadership. However, researchers frequently neglect such assets and instead emphasize these youths’ challenges or perceived inadequacies. I conducted an intrinsic case study regarding Nunavut Inuit youths’ experiences with an experiential learning program, Northern Youth Abroad (NYA), in order to investigate participants’ growth in cross-cultural awareness, individual career goals, leadership, and global citizenship. Drawing on post-colonial theory, semi-structured interviews, archival research, and participant observation, I argue that NYA’s Nunavut Inuit participants reported significant personal growth in these four objectives. I also provide an in-depth analysis of how NYA’s Nunavut Inuit participants described and developed distinct and rich leadership styles that draw on Inuit and Euro-Canadian influences.
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Cultural Competency in the Primary Health Care RelationshipFerreyra Galliani, Mariella 31 October 2012 (has links)
Cultural competency is theorized as the sensitivity of practitioners from the dominant culture towards the diverse cultural backgrounds of their patients. Less attention is placed on how communication between providers and patients can enable patients to share their health care beliefs.
An evidence review of the literature around the conceptualization of cultural competency in health care was performed, and interviews were conducted aiming to understand what immigrant patients perceive as culturally competent care and its effect on the relationship between them and their providers.
Definitions of cultural competence varied, and no conclusive studies linking cultural competence to improved health outcomes were found. Findings from the participant interviews helped to address gaps in the literature by confirming a preference for a patient-centred approach to culturally competent care, in addition to identifying pre-existing expectations for the health care encounter and patient-dependent factors as additional elements influencing the physician-patient relationship.
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A Case Study of Alberta’s Future Leaders Program (AFL): Developing Aboriginal Youth Leadership through Cross-cultural Mentorship, and Sport, Recreation, and Arts ProgrammingGalipeau, Miriam 23 November 2012 (has links)
In this thesis, in which I use the stand-alone paper format, I employ a Foucauldian lens to examine Alberta’s Future Leaders (AFL), an Aboriginal youth leadership development program. In the first paper, I identify how power relations shape AFL, including its ambitions and struggles towards developing sustainable programming. In the second paper, I examine AFL’s cross-cultural approach to mentorship and the ways in which failing to address issues of culture (re)produces colonial relations of power. Overall, my findings highlight the importance of recognizing and problematizing the power relations at work within Aboriginal youth leadership development initiatives.
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The Afterlife of Shakespeare's Plays: A Study of Cross-cultural Adaptations into Opera and FilmSen, Suddhaseel 05 March 2012 (has links)
This study considers the ways in which Shakespeare’s plays have been adapted in cross-cultural contexts from the nineteenth century to the present, specifically in Europe and India, through the media of opera and film. I bring into dialogue reception theory, adaptation studies, Shakespeare scholarship, musicology, film studies, and postcolonial theory in order to examine the mechanisms of Shakespeare’s reception in these two culturally diverse regions of the globe, and argue that there are significant parallels between European and Indian adaptations of Shakespeare. Despite the different cultural and political histories of the two regions, Shakespeare’s plays reached out to local audiences only when they were modified in order to make them relevant to the cultural and ideological concerns of the new audiences that were far removed from Shakespeare’s own. Moving away from understanding Shakespeare’s reception either in terms of the dramatist’s “universal appeal” or in terms of colonial instrumentality, as has usually been the case, I argue that such predetermined critical paradigms take away from what in Shakespeare various cultures have found truly valuable, truly affective. Moreover, I argue that the degree of transculturation, both with European and Indian adaptations, is greater when Shakespeare is adapted in media that involves performance, than when he is adapted in a purely verbal medium, such as translations. This process of indigenization through performance, one that I have termed “performative transculturation,” has opened up fresh avenues of cross-cultural exchange over the ages. The works I examine in detail are Ambroise Thomas’ opera Hamlet, Giuseppe Verdi’s opera Otello, Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar’s Bhrantibilash, a prose adaptation of The Comedy of Errors, and Vishal Bhardwaj’s films Maqbool and Omkara, based on Macbeth and Othello respectively.
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