Institutions of higher education in the United States are becoming more and more diverse and nationwide efforts to provide educational access and equity to underrepresented groups of people will only help to increase that diversity. Increased diversity combined with the need for institutions to produce graduates who are capable of living and working in a global society, has created the need for students to possess a set of cognitive and behavioral skills to aide in successful intercultural interactions. Using the Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity and the theory of Cultural Intelligence as frameworks, this research attempts to assess the effect of domestic experiences on intercultural competency and cultural intelligence of first year students at the University of the Pacific. Interview participants were chosen from a sample of eighty-seven students who took the Intercultural Development Inventory and were selected for displaying a great deal or lacked of intercultural sensitivity and cultural intelligence. From these interviews, key lines of thought and experiences were determined to have had positive or negative influences on competency. These results are presented in the form of biographical sketches and supplemented with a discussion of the skills essential to developing greater competency in intercultural sensitivity and cultural intelligence through the curriculum and co-curricular involvements.

Mistakes and betrayals can cause developing interpersonal trust between parties to be broken, and damaged trust can have serious negative impacts on relationships, such as withdrawal from group interaction or the enactment of revenge. Research has suggested that the use of apologies helps to repair damaged trust. However, this research is almost exclusively based in westernized populations and has not begun to explore any cross-cultural differences. Therefore, the primary goal of this comparative cross-national laboratory study was to examine if, and how, the effectiveness of trust repair efforts differs across cultures. The effectiveness of three manipulated trust repair strategies (no response, apology, and account) was tested using students from universities in the United States (U.S.) and in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The results of the study indicate that fatalism, or the belief that events in life are meant to occur, was negatively related to initial trust and positively related to initial distrust toward one’s collaborative partner. It was also found that higher levels of fatalism were associated with more severe trust damage after a trust violation. Regarding the trust repair strategies, accounts were more effective at repairing trust than no response for high fatalism participants whereas apologies were more effective than accounts at reducing distrust after a violation for low fatalism participants, providing partial support for the idea that trust repair strategies are more effective when matched to the cultural self-construal of the victim. Finally, initial distrust and trust directly after the violation were predictive of taking revenge on the other player. Implications are discussed along with the study limitations and suggestions for future research.

published_or_final_version / Business / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Business Administration / Master / Master of Business Administration

The rapid telescoping of the need to communicate cross-culturally in an ever widening range of contexts sets the basic circumstances for this study. Private and public sector interviewing become more important as cultural and cross-cultural factors emerge in coventuring enterprises. Standard interviewing programs and procedures do not usually focus on cross-cultural variables. A model is necessary through which to orchestrate the interview in a generic form and into which substantive illustrations for cross-cultural interviews can be placed. The Cube model designed by Dr. T. Frank Saunders, in his Double Think book, was adapted to this purpose and provides a comprehensive and exhaustive format for this study. The advent of CD ROM, high storage and easy retrieval computer technology, makes the design presented here an effective and efficient system for the collection and collation of demographic and ethnographic data. The Cube model and procedures set forth in this study should facilitate the data collection and development of an interview manual for cross-cultural interviewing.

Early adolescence (e.g., 10-14 years old) is a time during which health habits and behaviors first develop that carry over into adulthood. This age range is also a time when changes are often first observed in typical sleep patterns, such as a delay in bedtimes, decreased total sleep times, and increased sleep problems. Electronic media and social networking have become essential to adolescent interpersonal communication and are negatively associated with adolescent sleep. Room and/or bed sharing practices and having a parent-set bedtime are still common in this age range, though no study has examined the relationship between these culturally influenced practices and the sleep of racially/ethnically diverse early adolescents. The current study examined if differences exist between 1272 Caucasian, Hispanic/Latino, and African American early adolescents (ages 10-14 years) on self-reported bedtime, SOL, TST, and sleep efficiency, and whether these differences persist when taking into account presence of electronic media in the bedroom (i.e., TV, videogame console, computer, cellphone), media use at bedtime (i.e., watching TV, playing video/computer games, social networking, texting), room sharing, and parent-set bedtimes. Preliminary results showed that females reported worse sleep than males (i.e., longer sleep onset latency, shorter TST, and lower sleep efficiency, with a trend for having a later bedtime), and that African Americans and Hispanics reported later bedtimes than Caucasians, Hispanics reported shorter sleep onset latency and longer sleep efficiency than Caucasians, and African Americans reported shorter total sleep time than Caucasians. Presence of any type of media in the bedroom or use of any type of electronic media at bedtime was associated with later bedtimes and shorter total sleep times, but not with SOL or sleep efficiency. Parent-set bedtimes were associated with earlier bedtimes, longer sleep onset latency, longer TST, and lower sleep efficiency. After controlling for significant bedtime factors, only the main effects for TST became non-significant, while the interaction became significant. Hispanic females reported shorter TST than Hispanic males, African American females reported shorter TST compared to Caucasian females, and Caucasian males reported shorter TST compared to Hispanic males. Intervention strategies such as parent education and sleep education in schools targeting the bedtime behaviors and sleeping habits of adolescents are discussed.

by Lam Pai-mui. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-73). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.iii / LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS --- p.v / LIST OF GRAPHS --- p.vi / CHAPTER / Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II. --- CONCEPT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE --- p.7 / Chapter III. --- MANAGEMEOT IN CHINA --- p.14 / Historical Setting --- p.14 / Problems in the Past --- p.15 / Organizational Structure --- p.15 / Managerial Skills --- p.16 / Party and Management --- p.16 / Operations --- p.18 / Motivation and Labor Discipline --- p.18 / Economic and Management Reforms --- p.19 / Chapter IV. --- IMPACT OF CULTURE --- p.22 / Key Features --- p.22 / Respect for Age and Hierarchy --- p.22 / Group Orientation --- p.22 / Face' --- p.23 / Relationships --- p.23 / Cultural Consequences --- p.24 / Chapter V. --- METHODOLOGY --- p.36 / Questionnaires --- p.36 / Sampling --- p.38 / Distribution of Questionnaires --- p.39 / Chapter VI. --- FINDINGS --- p.41 / Company Profile --- p.41 / Demographic Profile --- p.41 / Organizational Climate --- p.48 / Comparison between Local and Foreign Firms --- p.59 / Chapter VII. --- SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION --- p.64 / APPENDIX I : ORGANIZATIONAL CLIMATE QUESTIONNAIRE --- p.67 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.71

Chan Ping-Kong, Lo Yee-Wah, Eva, Chen Chien-Yeh. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 52-54). / ABSTRACT --- p.ii / TABLE OF CONTENT --- p.iii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.iii / Hong Kong Economic Indicators --- p.Table2-1 / Taiwan Economic Indicators --- p.Table2-2 / Population in Major Cities in China --- p.Table2-3 / "Retail Sales Growth in Shanghai, Guangdong & Fujian" --- p.Table2-4 / China/ Shanghai Economic Indicators --- p.Table2-5 / Methodology Flowchart --- p.Table4-1 / Chapter / Chapter I --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- The concept of Greater China and its significance --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Greater China Regional Strategy of MNCs --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- The Cultural Challenge --- p.2 / Chapter 1.4 --- Culture and Management --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Corporate Culture --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Corporate Culture and Managerial Value --- p.3 / Chapter II --- COUNTRY BACKGROUND --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Hong Kong --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2 --- Taiwan/Taipei --- p.6 / Chapter 2.3 --- China/Shanghai --- p.7 / Chapter III --- COMPANY BACKGROUND AND MANAGEMENT STYLE …… --- p.9 / Chapter 3.1 --- Johnson & Johnson Corporation --- p.9 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- J&J (H.K.) Ltd.- Consumer Products Division --- p.10 / Chapter 3.1.2. --- J&J( Taiwan) Ltd --- p.11 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Shanghai J&J Corporation --- p.12 / Chapter 3.2 --- Unilever --- p.13 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Unilever Hong Kong --- p.14 / Chapter 3.2.2. --- FUIC/ Unilever Taiwan --- p.15 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Unilever China --- p.15 / Chapter 3.3 --- Janssen Pharmaceuticals Ltd --- p.16 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Janssen Hong Kong --- p.17 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Janssen Taiwan --- p.18 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Janssen Xian --- p.18 / Chapter IV --- METHODOLOGY --- p.20 / Chapter 4.1 --- Design and Approach --- p.20 / Chapter 4.2 --- Procedure and Method --- p.21 / Chapter V --- ANALYSIS --- p.23 / Chapter 5.1 --- Model of Analysis --- p.23 / Chapter 5.2 --- Independent Variables Analysis --- p.24 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- National Culture Analysis --- p.24 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Development Stage Analysis --- p.26 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Corporate Culture Analysis --- p.27 / Chapter 5.3 --- Definition of Dependent Variables --- p.31 / Chapter VI --- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION --- p.33 / Chapter 6.1 --- Results Format --- p.33 / Chapter 6.2 --- Results Grouped by Country --- p.34 / Chapter 6.3 --- Patterns of Independent Variables --- p.34 / Chapter 6.3.1 --- National Culture --- p.35 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Corporate Culture --- p.35 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Development Stage --- p.35 / Chapter 6.4 --- Relationship of Independent Variables and Dependent Variables --- p.35 / Chapter VII --- CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS --- p.38 / Chapter 7.1 --- Leadership Quality --- p.38 / Chapter 7.2 --- Organisational Structure --- p.39 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Senior Level --- p.39 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Middle and Junior Level --- p.40 / Chapter VIII --- APPENDIX --- p.41 / Chapter 8.1 --- Summary of Analysis of Presence and Nature of Dependent Variables among Respondents --- p.41 / Chapter 8.2 --- Questionnaires --- p.45 / Chapter IX --- BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.52 / Chapter X --- ATTACHMENT --- p.55 / Chapter 10.1 --- Contact report of the interviews --- p.55

Law Wing-Man Rita. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 32-33). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract / English version --- p.v / Chinese version --- p.vi / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction / Importance of Relationships and Avoidance of Interpersonal Harm --- p.1 / Regulation of Hostility by Cognitive Adjustments --- p.2-3 / Plausible Psychological Mechanism Behind the Regulation of Hostility --- p.3-6 / Purposes and Design of the Present Study --- p.6-7 / Cross-Cultural Examinations --- p.7-8 / Hypotheses of the Present Study --- p.8 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Method / Participants --- p.9 / Procedure --- p.9 / Measurement scales --- p.9-12 / Overview of the Data Analyses --- p.12-14 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Results / Means and Zero-Order Correlations --- p.15-18 / Testing the Measurement Model Across Cultures --- p.18-19 / Testing the Validity of the Original Models Across Cultures --- p.23-24 / Testing Model A with Familiarity Across Cultures / Chapter ■ --- Testing Factor Invariance --- p.19-20 / Chapter ■ --- Testing Path Invariance in the Final Model --- p.20-22 / Explained Variances for Hostility --- p.23 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Discussion / Rejecting Model B Across All Cultures --- p.2 / Accepting Model A Across All Cultures --- p.24-25 / Pancultural Model of Interpersonally triggered Hostility --- p.25 / Culture-Specific Properties of the Model --- p.25-26 / The Role of Familiarity --- p.26-27 / Relationships Among Variables From Original Model A --- p.27-28 / Implications of Cultural Effects --- p.29 / Limitations and Implications for Further Studies --- p.29-30 / Closing Remarks --- p.30-31 / References --- p.32-33 / Tables / "Table 1: Means and Standard Deviations of Variables, Along With Scale Properties" --- p.16 / Table 2: Correlations Among Variables in the Four Cultural Groups --- p.17 / Table 3: Findings of Tests for Path Invariance --- p.21 / Figures / Figure 1: Model A (with Modified Measures) --- p.4 / Figure 2. Model B (with Modified Measures) --- p.5 / Figure 3. Model A with Familiarity --- p.13 / Appendix / Items on the Questionnaire --- p.34-36

Emotion theories from social and functionalist perspectives have greatly emphasized the importance of relationship contexts for emotions (Carolyn, 2004; Lazarus, 1991), yet relatively few empirical efforts have been spent on exploring whether and how individuals differentially deal with anger under different relationship contexts. Study 1 investigated how individuals' anger responses might vary with relationship contexts across cultural contexts. Two hundred and sixty-six participants from America, Hong Kong and Mainland China reported their responses toward anger-eliciting scenarios that were elicited by a kin, a close or a casual friend. Results indicated that, after controlling for demographic variables, personality, and relationship qualities, individuals displayed a higher level of direct and replaced aggression but a lower level of cognitive reappraisal and indirect aggression in kinship than in the two types of friendships across the three samples. While Hong Kong Chinese displayed a higher level of fractious motives in kinship than in two types of friendships, Mainland Chinese displayed a lower level of malevolent motives in kinship than in two types of friendships. / To resolve the controversy between two interpretations for the above relationship effect on anger response, we conducted an experiment to examine the roles of approach and avoidance motives in determining relationship effects on anger responses in Study 2. One hundred and fifty two Hong Kong Chinese female participants' anger responses during emotion recalling tasks were assessed in terms of subjective feeling, physiological arousal and facial expression, after approach and avoidance motives were manipulated. Results revealed that, even after controlling for relevant personality traits, demographic variables, and relationship qualities, individuals displayed a higher level of anger-related subjective feeling and facial expression in kinship than in friendship. Such relationship effects were reversed and disappeared when approach and avoidance motives. In addition, we found that approach motives reduced individuals' sympathetic activation to anger-eliciting events in kinship, and avoidance motives lowered individuals' parasympathetic activation to happy events in friendship. The above findings have great implications for anger regulation and health promotion under relationship contexts. / You, Jin. / Adviser: Helene H. L. Fung. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 73-01, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-92). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [201-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.