Thesis (M.S.)--Mississippi State University. Department of Plant and Soil Sciences. / Title from title screen. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S. )--University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 2007 / Title from title page screen (viewed on June 10, 2008). Research advisor: Edward F. Harris, PhD Document formatted into pages (xii,163 p. : ill.). Vita. Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-125).

The research presented in this thesis focused on pseudorotaxanes and supramolecular polymers based on a new recognition motif, the dibenzo-24-crown-8/paraquat recognition motif. Main kinds of pseudorotaxanes and rotaxanes and various protocols used for the study of them were discussed first. By preparation and characterization of a series of pesudorotaxanes based on DB24C8 and paraquat derivatives, it was found that these complexes were stabilized by N+...O interactions, C-H...O hydrogen bonding, and face-to-face p-stacking interactions. Because methyl protons of paraquat are involved in hydrogen bonding to the host, the substitution of any methyl hydrogen on paraquat causes apparent association constant of the pseudorotaxane to decrease. The concentration dependence of apparent association constants, Ka,exp, of fast exchange host-guest systems was studied for the first time by using complexes based on viologens and crown ethers as examples. While the bis(hexafluorophosphate) salts of paraquat derivatives are predominantly ion paired in acetone (and other low dielectric constant solvents presumably) the complex based on dibenzo-24-crown-8 and paraquat is not ion paired in solution, resulting in concentration dependence of Ka,exp. However, four complexes of two different bis(m-phenylene)-32-crown-10 (BMP32C10) derivatives and bis(p-phenylene)-34-crown-10 (BPP3C10) with viologens are ion paired in solution, as shown by the fact that Ka,exp is not concentration dependent for these systems involving hosts with freer access to bound guests. X-ray crystal structures support these soluton-based assessments in that there is clearly ion pairing of the cationic guest and its PF6- counterions in the solid states of the latter four examples, but not in the former. The complexes based on the new dibenzo-24-crown-8/paraquat recognition motif are thus different from the complexes based on two old recognition motifs: the BPP34C10/BMP32C10-paraquat and DB24C8-ammonium motives. In order to compare these recognition motives further, the selectivity between two hosts, DB24C8 and BPP34C10, and two guests, dimethyl paraquat and dibenzyl ammnonium salt, was discussed. By individual and competitive complexation studies, it was demonstrated that DB24C8 is a better host than BPP34C10 for paraquat, and that paraquat is a better guest than dibenzyl ammonium salt for DB24C8. Finally the DB24C8-paraquat recognition motif was successfully applied in the preparation the first star-shaped supramolecular polymer based on a tetraparaquat guest and a DB24C8 functionalized polystyrene oligomer. A model system based on this guest and DB24C8 was also studied for comparison. It was found that the complexation in these two systems is cooperative, as are most biological complexations of multitopic species. Due to the ready availability of DB24C8 and paraquat derivatives, the new recognition motif should prove to be very valuable for self-assembly of other more sophisticated supramolecular systems. / Master of Science

O sistema de osseointegração desenvolvido por Branemark revolucionou o campo das reabilitações protéticas, incentivando os profissionais a indicar e realizar próteses do tipo overdentures. Estes dispositivos representam uma ótima alternativa para solucionar os problemas dos pacientes desdentados, insatisfeitos por diversos fatores. Várias são as associações entre os implantes e os sistemas de conexões empregados em overdentures. A literatura e a prática clínica fazem observar que na dependência do sistema de conexão empregado, há uma diferença no comportamento biomecânico, realizado por este conjunto: prótese/implante/conexão. Desta forma, é importante analisar como as tensões se distribuem sobre as estruturas que suportam estas cargas, uma vez que não existe o ligamento periodontal ao redor dos implantes que promove o mecanismo fisiológico, natural nos dentes. Assim, o objetivo desta investigação foi de avaliar, com o auxílio do método fotoelástico, o comportamento da distribuição das tensões em sobredentaduras (overdentures), suportadas por quatro implantes Ankylos®/ Dentsply®, utilizando-se o sistema protético de conexão de coroas cônicas Syncone®/ Dentsply®, onde se comparou duas formas de distribuição dos implantes, na primeira (CPM1) os implantes foram posicionados nas regiões de incisivos centrais e pré-molares e o segundo (CPM2) os implantes estavam posicionados nas regiões de caninos e pré-molares. Os modelos receberam cargas de forma crescente de 0,0 a 9,0 kg e, as tensões resultantes nas estruturas de suporte, foram analisadas fotoelasticamente. De acordo com a metodologia empregada nesta pesquisa, somos levados a concluir que: 1) Quando se associa o sistema Syncone® com overdenture ou sobredentadura, apoiada e retida sobre quatro implantes, sendo 2 localizados na região de incisivos centrais e 2 situados, diametralmente opostos, na região de segundos pré-molares na mandíbula - CPM1 - o rebordo residual é quem recebe a maior quantidade de tensões em relação aos implantes; 2) Quando se associa o sistema Syncone® com overdenture ou sobredentadura, apoiada e retida sobre 4 implantes, dispostos 2 a 2, bilateralmente e diametralmente opostos, nas regiões de caninos e pré-molares, na mandíbula (CPM2), as maiores tensões são transmitidas ao rebordo residual, sendo que os implantes suportes resultam mais preservados; 3) Comparativamente, o CPM2, aparenta ter transmitido menores tensões aos implantes que o CPM1; 4) Os implantes são preservados quanto à ocorrência de uma sobrecarga, durante a máxima intercuspidação dos arcos dentários, quando se emprega o sistema Syncone® associado à overdenture ou sobredentadura. / The osseo-integrated system develop by Branemark has revolutionized the prosthetic rehabilitation field, encourage the professionals to indicate and perform prostheses like overdentures. These devices represent an optimal alternative to solve the full dentures patient?s problems, dissatisfied for diverse factors. There are several associations between implants and prosthetic connectors employees for overdentures. The literature and the clinic practice may observe that according of the connection system employed, there is a difference into the biomechanical behavior, realized for this set: prostheses/implant/connection. From this forms, it is important to analyze how the tensions are distributing on the structures subject that support these loads, since it doesn\'t exist the periodontal ligament around the implants, what promotes the physiological mechanism of the natural teeth. Such, the purpose from this investigation was appraising, with the aid of the photoelastic method, the distribution way from the tensions at the overdentures, supported by four implants Ankylos®/ Dentsply, by using the prosthetic system of connection of conic crowns ? Syncone®/ Dentsply, were applied loads from 0,0 to 9,0kg, in crescent forms and, the tensions resulting on the support structures, have been analyzed by the photoelasthic method. Where two forms of distribution of the implantations were compared, first (CPM1) the implants were located at the regions of the central incisors and pre-molar, and as (CPM2) the implants were located at the regions of canines and pre-molar. The models had received loads of increasing form, from 0,0 to 9,0 kg and, the resultant tensions in the support structures, had been analyzed by the photoelastic method. In agreement with the methodology used in this research, we are led to conclude that: 1) When the overdenture is associated with Syncone® system, supported and retained by 4 implants, being 2 located in the region of central incisors and 2, diametrical opposing ones, in the region of the second pre-molar (CPM1) the residual alveolar ridge is who receives the biggest amount of tensions in relation to the implants; 2) When the overdenture is associated with Syncone® system, supported and retained by 4 implants, bilaterally and diametrical opposing ones, in the regions of canine and pre molar (CPM2), the biggest tensions were transmitted to the residual alveolar ridge, being the implants supports resulted more preserved; 3) Comparatively, the CPM2, seems to have transmitted less tensions to the implants than the CPM1; 4) The implants were preserved as the occurrence of an overload, during the maximum intercuspidação of the dental arcs, when the overdenture associated with Syncone® system has been used.

Simply put, Crown liability doctrine in Crown/Aboriginal Law in Canada is a mess. Demonstrably, there are fiduciary-based duties, fiduciary-based principles, an over-arching honour of the Crown principle, Crown honour-based duties, and a constitutional Crown/Aboriginal “reconciliation” imperative. How the various pieces are meant to fit together is atypically unclear. In this project, Ronald Dworkin’s rights thesis is invoked as a conceptual tool in an attempt to help bring some order to the disarray. It is argued that the Supreme Court of Canada made a fundamental (Dworkinian) mistake in the manner in which they adopted fiduciary concepts into the core of Crown/Aboriginal Law; that this mistake has led to a dysfunctional doctrine; and that the Supreme Court has implicitly acknowledged their error and are now in the process of incrementally mending their materially flawed doctrine. Crown liability doctrine in Crown/Aboriginal Law in Canada is now centrally organized around the principle that the honour of the Crown must always be upheld in applicable government dealings with Aboriginal peoples. Enforceable Crown honour-based “off-shoot” duties operate to regulate the mischief of Crown dishonour in constitutional contexts. The Supreme Court has now stated that a (non-conventional and fundamentally unresolved) Crown/Aboriginal fiduciary obligation is one such “off-shoot” duty. This emergent “essential legal framework” is meant to protect and facilitate the over-arching project of reconciling the pre-existence of Aboriginal societies with the de facto sovereignty of the Crown, which reconciliation project, it is argued here, is to be fundamentally undertaken by the executive and legislative branches of government working collaboratively with Aboriginal peoples. The judicial branch of government is then largely limited to the more modest task of regulating the mischief of constitutional Crown dishonour. This project ultimately purports to theorize this relatively new Crown honour-based framework, and to conceptualize what residual role there is for fiduciary accountability to play in applicable Crown/Aboriginal contexts moving forward. It is concluded there is likely only a narrow jurisdiction remaining for fiduciary accountability in Crown/Aboriginal contexts, which jurisdiction appears destined to take the form of conventional fiduciary doctrine which, as will be demonstrated, has itself been fundamentally reconfigured in recent years.

O sistema de osseointegração desenvolvido por Branemark revolucionou o campo das reabilitações protéticas, incentivando os profissionais a indicar e realizar próteses do tipo overdentures. Estes dispositivos representam uma ótima alternativa para solucionar os problemas dos pacientes desdentados, insatisfeitos por diversos fatores. Várias são as associações entre os implantes e os sistemas de conexões empregados em overdentures. A literatura e a prática clínica fazem observar que na dependência do sistema de conexão empregado, há uma diferença no comportamento biomecânico, realizado por este conjunto: prótese/implante/conexão. Desta forma, é importante analisar como as tensões se distribuem sobre as estruturas que suportam estas cargas, uma vez que não existe o ligamento periodontal ao redor dos implantes que promove o mecanismo fisiológico, natural nos dentes. Assim, o objetivo desta investigação foi de avaliar, com o auxílio do método fotoelástico, o comportamento da distribuição das tensões em sobredentaduras (overdentures), suportadas por quatro implantes Ankylos®/ Dentsply®, utilizando-se o sistema protético de conexão de coroas cônicas Syncone®/ Dentsply®, onde se comparou duas formas de distribuição dos implantes, na primeira (CPM1) os implantes foram posicionados nas regiões de incisivos centrais e pré-molares e o segundo (CPM2) os implantes estavam posicionados nas regiões de caninos e pré-molares. Os modelos receberam cargas de forma crescente de 0,0 a 9,0 kg e, as tensões resultantes nas estruturas de suporte, foram analisadas fotoelasticamente. De acordo com a metodologia empregada nesta pesquisa, somos levados a concluir que: 1) Quando se associa o sistema Syncone® com overdenture ou sobredentadura, apoiada e retida sobre quatro implantes, sendo 2 localizados na região de incisivos centrais e 2 situados, diametralmente opostos, na região de segundos pré-molares na mandíbula - CPM1 - o rebordo residual é quem recebe a maior quantidade de tensões em relação aos implantes; 2) Quando se associa o sistema Syncone® com overdenture ou sobredentadura, apoiada e retida sobre 4 implantes, dispostos 2 a 2, bilateralmente e diametralmente opostos, nas regiões de caninos e pré-molares, na mandíbula (CPM2), as maiores tensões são transmitidas ao rebordo residual, sendo que os implantes suportes resultam mais preservados; 3) Comparativamente, o CPM2, aparenta ter transmitido menores tensões aos implantes que o CPM1; 4) Os implantes são preservados quanto à ocorrência de uma sobrecarga, durante a máxima intercuspidação dos arcos dentários, quando se emprega o sistema Syncone® associado à overdenture ou sobredentadura. / The osseo-integrated system develop by Branemark has revolutionized the prosthetic rehabilitation field, encourage the professionals to indicate and perform prostheses like overdentures. These devices represent an optimal alternative to solve the full dentures patient?s problems, dissatisfied for diverse factors. There are several associations between implants and prosthetic connectors employees for overdentures. The literature and the clinic practice may observe that according of the connection system employed, there is a difference into the biomechanical behavior, realized for this set: prostheses/implant/connection. From this forms, it is important to analyze how the tensions are distributing on the structures subject that support these loads, since it doesn\'t exist the periodontal ligament around the implants, what promotes the physiological mechanism of the natural teeth. Such, the purpose from this investigation was appraising, with the aid of the photoelastic method, the distribution way from the tensions at the overdentures, supported by four implants Ankylos®/ Dentsply, by using the prosthetic system of connection of conic crowns ? Syncone®/ Dentsply, were applied loads from 0,0 to 9,0kg, in crescent forms and, the tensions resulting on the support structures, have been analyzed by the photoelasthic method. Where two forms of distribution of the implantations were compared, first (CPM1) the implants were located at the regions of the central incisors and pre-molar, and as (CPM2) the implants were located at the regions of canines and pre-molar. The models had received loads of increasing form, from 0,0 to 9,0 kg and, the resultant tensions in the support structures, had been analyzed by the photoelastic method. In agreement with the methodology used in this research, we are led to conclude that: 1) When the overdenture is associated with Syncone® system, supported and retained by 4 implants, being 2 located in the region of central incisors and 2, diametrical opposing ones, in the region of the second pre-molar (CPM1) the residual alveolar ridge is who receives the biggest amount of tensions in relation to the implants; 2) When the overdenture is associated with Syncone® system, supported and retained by 4 implants, bilaterally and diametrical opposing ones, in the regions of canine and pre molar (CPM2), the biggest tensions were transmitted to the residual alveolar ridge, being the implants supports resulted more preserved; 3) Comparatively, the CPM2, seems to have transmitted less tensions to the implants than the CPM1; 4) The implants were preserved as the occurrence of an overload, during the maximum intercuspidação of the dental arcs, when the overdenture associated with Syncone® system has been used.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1979 W37 / Master of Landscape Architecture

The series of compounds [M(H2O)2(15-crown-5)](NO3)2, M = Mg, Mn, Co, Cu and Zn, has been extended to include two new phases for M = Fe and two new phases for M = Ni. The system [M(H2O)2(15-crown-5)](NO3)2 is remarkable for having many high-Z’ phases (Z’ > 1) with similar packing and for having solid-solid phase transitions through which there is no significant loss of crystallinity. The synthesis of the analogous Ni complex was carried out. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction showed that the coordination of the Ni2+ ion is different from that of the other six M2+ ions in the system [M(H2O)2(15-crown- 5)](NO3)2. High temperature phases with high Z’ (8) were isolated for M = Mg, Fe and Zn. The refinements of such phases are challenging because of the lack of information in the diffraction patterns. Full details of the refinements for these three phases are discussed. Six other Ni(II) complexes consisting of Ni2+, NO3-, 15-crown-5 and different solvents were found when efforts were made to synthesize the compound [Ni(H2O)2(15-crown- 5)](NO3)2. In these chemically different environments, the Ni2+ ions are not coordinated by the 15-crown-5 molecules; rather, one-dimensional H-bonded chains are formed from uncomplexed 15-crown-5 molecules and the Ni(II) complexes. Among these six Ni(II) complexes, the compounds [Ni(H2O)6](NO3)2·(15-crown-5)·H2O, [Ni(H2O)6](NO3)2·(15-crown-5)·2H2O and [Ni(H2O)2(MeCN)(NO3)2]·(15-crown- 5)·MeCN were found to have reversible solid-solid phase transitions between structurally related phases. In all of these transitions, no significant crystal damage was detectable. The two latter systems are unusual because their phase sequences include three transitions and four phases between 90 and 295 K and because of the existence of high-Z’ phases. These high-Z’ phases are best depicted as being intermediate to low- and hightemperature phases. A method based on thermal analyses and X-ray diffraction has been developed for studying such sets of phase transitions.

Crown selected youth diversion has received little academic attention in Canada. As a process that channels offenders out of the formal legal system, diversion purports to achieve contradictory self-serving system and offender-based goals. Using 50 randomly selected prosecution files – half of which the Crown diverted and half of which the Crown prosecuted – a mixed method investigation of diversion assesses cases through quantitative content analysis and grounded theory method. Based on the quantitative analysis, it is argued that there is an emerging patterned nature of Crown selected diversion that is not completely benign. This patterned nature of diversion unearths a distinctive discourse of diversion/non-diversion. Qualitatively, it is argued that the cases are organized around three temporal moments that create an area for distinctions to be made in terms of threat, responsibility, (in)tolerableness and recourse. Seemingly, there is a persistent paradoxical existence of the diversion process that emerges from the case files.

Chez le riz, la céréale modèle, le système racinaire est principalement constitué de racines issues de la tige, nommées racines coronaires (RC). Peu de gènes contrôlant le développement des RC sont connus, parmi eux CROWN ROOTLESS1 (CRL1) code une protéine à domaine AS2/LOB (ASL/LBD), qui est probablement un facteur de transcription. Le gène CRL1 est nécessaire à l'initiation des primordia de RC, il est directement activé par l'auxine et est situé en amont du réseau de gènes contrôlant le programme de différentiation des RC. Afin de mieux connaître les processus génétiques impliqués dans l'initiation des RC, l!objectif principal de cette thèse est de comprendre la fonction moléculaire de la protéine CRL1 en validant sa fonction de facteur de transcription et en identifiant ses gènes cibles. L'interaction de la protéine CRL1 avec l!ADN a été montrée in vitro et une expérience de SELEX a permis d'identifier sa séquence de fixation à l!ADN : CACA(A/C)C (CRL1-box). Des expériences en levure ont permis de montrer que CRL1 est un activateur de la transcription. Une comparaison entre le sauvage et le mutant crl1, ainsi que l'élaboration d!un système inductible à la dexaméthasone permettant d'activer l'expression de CRL1 dans le fond génétique mutant crl1, ont été utilisés pour identifier des gènes cibles précoces de CRL1 grâce à des analyse de transcriptome. 277 gènes sont activés dès quatre heures après induction de CRL1, les deux tiers contiennent au moins une CRL1-box dans leur promoteur et peuvent donc être des cibles directes de CRL1. CRL1 induit l'expression d!un ensemble de gènes permettant la mise en place des processus de régulation de l'information génétique, de division, de croissance et de différenciation cellulaires nécessaires à la création d'un méristème de racine coronaire organisé et fonctionnel. Parmi eux, QHB code un facteur de transcription clé nécessaire au maintien des cellules souches des méristèmes racinaires. Ce résultat établit pour la première fois un lien moléculaire entre la signalisation de l!auxine et des gènes impliqués dans la mise en place ou le maintien des cellules souches lors de la formation d!un nouveau méristème racinaire au cours du développement post-embryonnaire. Par ailleurs, une étude histologique a permis de révéler que les RC sont issues d!une couche de péricycle dans la tige, un tissu équivalent en termes de localisation et de potentiel rhizogène au péricycle de la racine à partir duquel sont initiées les racines latérales. Les données acquises suggèrent de fortes similarités dans les processus cellulaires et génétiques de la différentiation des méristèmes racinaires au cours du développement post-embryonnaire chez les monocotylédones et les dicotylédones. La découverte de gènes spécifiques au développement de racines issues de la tige ouvre une voie importante vers la compréhension du déterminisme génétique de l!architecture du système racinaire chez les céréales et offre un nouveau potentiel de ressources génétiques pour l!amélioration variétale. / In rice, the model cereal, the root system is mainly composed of stem-derived roots, named crown roots (CR). Very few genes that control the root system development are known, among them CROWN ROOTLESS1 (CRL1) encodes an AS2/LOB-domain protein that is a putative transcription factor (TF). CRL1 is necessary for CR primordium initiation, it is directly activated by auxin and is situated upstream of the gene regulatory network that control the CR differentiation programme. To better known the genetic processes involved in CR initiation, the main objective of this thesis is to understand the molecular function of the CRL1 protein by validating its function of TF and by identifying its target genes. The interaction of CRL1 with DNA was shown in vitro and a consensus CRL1 DNA-binding motif was identified with a SELEX method : CACA(A/C)C named CRL1-box. A yeast assay showed that CRL1 is a transcriptional activator. A comparison between wild type and c rl1 mutant, and the development of a dexamethasone inducible system to ectopically express CRL1 in the crl1 background, were used to identify CRL1 early target genes by transcript profiling. 277 genes were induced from four hours following CRL1 activation, the two-thirds possess at least one CRL1-box and may be CRL1 direct target genes. CRL1 activates the expression of a broad range of genes that allow to orientate genome expression and to initiate cell division, growth and differentiation mechanisms required for the building of an organized and functional CR meristem. Among these genes, QHB encodes a key TF required for the maintenance of root meristem stem cells. This result evidences for the first time a molecular link between auxin signalling and major genes involved in stem cell patterning and maintenance in the formation of a new root meristem during post-embryonic development. Otherwise, an histological study showed that CR are derived from a shoot pericycle, a tissue equivalent to the root pericycle, from which lateral roots develop, in terms of location and rhizogenic potential. All these data suggest strong similarities between monocots and dicots in cellular and genetic mechanisms that control root meristem differentiation during post-embryonic development. The identification of genes specifically involved in stem-derived root development pave the way towards the understanding of the genetic control of root system architecture in cereals and offer a new potential of genetic resources for plant breeding.