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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Thermodynamics of interaction of macrocyclic ligands with multivalent ions and organic molecules of biological importance

Ritt, Marie-Claude January 1991 (has links)
The first part of this work deals with the determination of the thermodynamic parameters for the complexation of lanthanide cations (La3+, Pr3+ and Nd3+) with Cryptand-221 and Cryptand-222 in acetonitrile and propylene carbonate at 298.15 K. The complexation process between these cations and these ligands in these solvents is enthalpy-controlled. The higher stability observed for these cations and these ligands in propylene carbonate with respect to acetonitrile is attributed to the increase in entropy observed for the complexation reaction in propylene carbonate. Enthalpies of solution of lanthanide and lanthanide cryptates are reported. These data are used to derive single-ion enthalpies of transfer of La3+, Pr3+ and Nd3+ from propylene carbonate to acetonitrile based on the Ph4AsPh4B convention. The results show that the cryptate conventions are not valid for the calculation of single-ion values for the transfer of tervalent lanthanide cations among dipolar aprotic media. Enthalpies of coordination of lanthanide(III) cryptates in the solid state are calculated. The second part of this study aims to investigate the properties of the synthetic macrocyclic ligands such as Cryptand-222 and 18-Crown-6 towards molecules of biological importance. Stability constants (hence free energies), enthalpies and entropies of complexation of a series of DL-amino acids with 18-Crown-6 and Cryptand-222 in methanol and ethanol, as obtained from titration calorimetry, are reported. No significant variations are found in the free energies of complexation of the different amino acids and these two ligands in these solvents as a result of an enthalpy-entropy compensation effect. This effect is for the first time shown in complexation reactions involving crown ethers and cryptands. The thermodynamic parameters of transfer of amino acids and their complexes with 18-Crown-6 and Cryptand-222 from methanol to ethanol have been calculated. Possible correlations between complexation and transfer data for the amino acids, the ligands and the amino acid-macrocyclic ligand complexes are investigated. The implications of these results to processes of biological importance are discussed. As a continuation of this study, the possibility of selectively extracting amino acids from methanol by polymeric resins containing crown ethers as anchor groups is investigated.
2

Desenvolvimento de um novo marcador luminescente para Microcistina-LR : um estudo teórico / DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW luminescent PARAMICROCISTINA-LR: a theoretical study.

Santos, Júlio Gomes dos 27 September 2010 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / In this work we describe a theoretical study of lanthanide complexes with macrocyclic ligands. Spectroscopic properties of the cryptate [EuÌ(bipy)2py(CO2Et)2]3+.2H2O were investigated with semiempirical methodologies such as Sparkle, INDO/S-CIS, Judd- Ofelt model as well as Malta s models implemented in LUMPAC (Luminescence Package). This computational package has turned viable the purely theoretical design of highly luminescent lanthanide complexes. We initially looked for a calculation method that better reproduced the absorption spectrum of the cryptate, finding out that AM1-p was the best candidate. This method used Sparkle/AM1 together with INDO/S-CIS. In the sequence we tested LUMPAC s efficacy using a series of trisbipyridines and observed that the theoretical results were in good agreement to the experimental ones. Finally, we studied the cryptate EuÌ(bipy)2py(CO2Et)2]3+.2H2O and its derivatives. The theoretical intensity parameters (= 2, 4, 6) of the cryptates revealed that Eu3+ ion lies in a weakly polarizable environment. The transfer rates clearly indicated that the energy transfer occurs predominantly from the ligand s triplet state to 5D1 and 5D0 levels belonging to Eu3+ ion. The low quantum yield values observed for all cryptates were probably due to a poor resonance between the ligand s triplet state and the emitting level from Eu3+. The most promising substituted cryptate was found to be [EuÌ3]3+, however the calculation of a cryptate conjugated with microcystin-LR did not show better results. In summary the results as a whole evidenced that the methodology employed is promising in predicting spectroscopic properties of lanthanide complexes. / Neste trabalho, realizamos um estudo teórico envolvendo complexos de lantanídeos com ligantes macrocíclicos. Investigamos as propriedades espectroscópicas do criptato [EuÌ(bipy)2py(CO2Et)2]3+.2H2O utilizando metodologias semiempíricas, como os modelos Sparkle, INDO/S-CIS, o modelo de Judd-Ofelt e os modelos de Malta e colaboradores implementados no pacote computacional denominado LUMPAC Luminescence Package. Tal pacote tornou viável o procedimento de design puramente teórico de complexos de lantanídeos com elevada luminescência. Inicialmente buscamos a metodologia de cálculo mais adequada para o estudo, tomando como critério a reprodução do espectro de absorção do criptato, de tal forma que o método que apresentou o melhor perfil foi o AM1-p. Este método utilizou o Sparkle/AM1 em conjunto com a metodologia INDO/S-CIS. Em seguida, testamos a eficácia do pacote computacional LUMPAC usando uma série de trisbipiridinas, verificando que os resultados teóricos ficaram em acordo com os dados experimentais. Por fim, estudamos o criptato [EuÌ(bipy)2py(CO2Et)2]3+.2H2O e seus derivados. Os parâmetros teóricos de intensidades (= 2, 4, 6) do criptatos revelaram que o íon Eu3+ está em um ambiente pouco polarizável. As taxas de transferência indicaram claramente que a transferência de energia ocorre predominantemente do estado tripleto do ligante para os níveis 5D1 e 5D0 do íon Eu3+. Os baixos valores observados para os rendimentos quânticos de todos os criptatos foram devidos a uma pobre ressonância entre o estado tripleto do ligante e o nível emissor do íon Eu3+. O criptato substituído mais promissor foi o [EuÌ3]3+, contudo os cálculos do criptato conjugado com a microcistina-LR, não se mostraram melhores. Tal fato pode ser explicado considerando-se que o acréscimo no rendimento quântico do criptato é da ordem do erro do modelo. Em suma, todo o conjunto de resultados evidenciou que a metodologia empregada é promissora com relação à previsão de propriedades espectroscópicas de complexos de lantanídeos.
3

Desenvolvimento de um novo marcador luminescente para Microcistina-LR : um estudo teórico / DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW luminescent PARAMICROCISTINA-LR: a theoretical study.

Santos, Júlio Gomes dos 27 September 2010 (has links)
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / In this work we describe a theoretical study of lanthanide complexes with macrocyclic ligands. Spectroscopic properties of the cryptate [EuÌ(bipy)2py(CO2Et)2]3+.2H2O were investigated with semiempirical methodologies such as Sparkle, INDO/S-CIS, Judd- Ofelt model as well as Malta s models implemented in LUMPAC (Luminescence Package). This computational package has turned viable the purely theoretical design of highly luminescent lanthanide complexes. We initially looked for a calculation method that better reproduced the absorption spectrum of the cryptate, finding out that AM1-p was the best candidate. This method used Sparkle/AM1 together with INDO/S-CIS. In the sequence we tested LUMPAC s efficacy using a series of trisbipyridines and observed that the theoretical results were in good agreement to the experimental ones. Finally, we studied the cryptate EuÌ(bipy)2py(CO2Et)2]3+.2H2O and its derivatives. The theoretical intensity parameters (= 2, 4, 6) of the cryptates revealed that Eu3+ ion lies in a weakly polarizable environment. The transfer rates clearly indicated that the energy transfer occurs predominantly from the ligand s triplet state to 5D1 and 5D0 levels belonging to Eu3+ ion. The low quantum yield values observed for all cryptates were probably due to a poor resonance between the ligand s triplet state and the emitting level from Eu3+. The most promising substituted cryptate was found to be [EuÌ3]3+, however the calculation of a cryptate conjugated with microcystin-LR did not show better results. In summary the results as a whole evidenced that the methodology employed is promising in predicting spectroscopic properties of lanthanide complexes. / Neste trabalho, realizamos um estudo teórico envolvendo complexos de lantanídeos com ligantes macrocíclicos. Investigamos as propriedades espectroscópicas do criptato [EuÌ(bipy)2py(CO2Et)2]3+.2H2O utilizando metodologias semiempíricas, como os modelos Sparkle, INDO/S-CIS, o modelo de Judd-Ofelt e os modelos de Malta e colaboradores implementados no pacote computacional denominado LUMPAC Luminescence Package. Tal pacote tornou viável o procedimento de design puramente teórico de complexos de lantanídeos com elevada luminescência. Inicialmente buscamos a metodologia de cálculo mais adequada para o estudo, tomando como critério a reprodução do espectro de absorção do criptato, de tal forma que o método que apresentou o melhor perfil foi o AM1-p. Este método utilizou o Sparkle/AM1 em conjunto com a metodologia INDO/S-CIS. Em seguida, testamos a eficácia do pacote computacional LUMPAC usando uma série de trisbipiridinas, verificando que os resultados teóricos ficaram em acordo com os dados experimentais. Por fim, estudamos o criptato [EuÌ(bipy)2py(CO2Et)2]3+.2H2O e seus derivados. Os parâmetros teóricos de intensidades (= 2, 4, 6) do criptatos revelaram que o íon Eu3+ está em um ambiente pouco polarizável. As taxas de transferência indicaram claramente que a transferência de energia ocorre predominantemente do estado tripleto do ligante para os níveis 5D1 e 5D0 do íon Eu3+. Os baixos valores observados para os rendimentos quânticos de todos os criptatos foram devidos a uma pobre ressonância entre o estado tripleto do ligante e o nível emissor do íon Eu3+. O criptato substituído mais promissor foi o [EuÌ3]3+, contudo os cálculos do criptato conjugado com a microcistina-LR, não se mostraram melhores. Tal fato pode ser explicado considerando-se que o acréscimo no rendimento quântico do criptato é da ordem do erro do modelo. Em suma, todo o conjunto de resultados evidenciou que a metodologia empregada é promissora com relação à previsão de propriedades espectroscópicas de complexos de lantanídeos.

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