Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 93-101).

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Orientador: Flavio Cesar Guimarães Gandra / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T12:45:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Loula_GeorgeDourado_M.pdf: 2173914 bytes, checksum: ff1208aeb34d1619646a01ea6f3f1ec8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Neste trabalho realizamos medidas de difração de raios-X, magnetização, calor específico e resistividade elétrica nos compostos da série U(Cu,Au)Sn, além do composto UPtSn, que pode cristalizar-se tanto na forma hexagonal (sem tratamento térmico) quanto cúbica, com tratamento térmico de 850ºC por uma semana. Na série UCu(1-x)A u(x)Sn verificamos que todos os compostos apresentam ordenamento antiferromagnético, sendo que a temperatura de ordenamento magnético ( TN) decresce com o aumento da concentração do substituinte. Além disso, percebe-se um pequeno aumento no calor especifico eletrônico ( d ) e no volume da célula unitária ao se inserir Au. O momento efetivo do urânio diminui de 3.44 m B para x=0 até 3 m B para x=1, devido a uma maior hibridização 5f-s,d decorrente da substituição do Cu por Au. Essa hibridização propicia diversas alterações nas propriedades físicas dos compostos. Quanto ao sistema UPtSn, verificamos que o tratamento térmico ao qual a amostra é submetida influencia na formação estrutural do composto e as propriedades físicas de cada estrutura são muito distintas. A fase cúbica ordena antiferromagneticamente em 35K e o urânio apresenta momento magnético efetivo igual a 3.24 m B, enquanto que a fase hexagonal ordena ferromagneticamente em 27K, e apresenta momento magnético efetivo de 2.82 m B. Esta redução no momento efetivo pode ser devida ao efeito Kondo, mas os resultados experimentais não são conclusivos quanto a isto / Abstract: In this work we report on measurements of x-ray diffraction, magnetization, specific heat and electrical resistivity for the series U(Cu,Au)Sn and for UPtSn, which crystallize either with hexagonal (as-cast) or with cubic simmetry (annealed). In the series UCu(1-x)Ausub(x)Sn we verify that all the compounds order antiferromagnetically and the magnetic ordering temperature (TN) decreases when the substitute's concentration is increased. We also noticed a small increase of the electronic specific heat coefficient and unit cell volume by replacing Au for Cu. The effective moment is reduced from 3.44 m B at x=0 to 3 m B at x=1 due to a more effective 5f-s,d hybridization. This hybridization is responsible for the phisical properties of these compounds. For UPtSn we found that the thermal treatment can define the structure of the compound. The phisical properties of both compound are quite different. The cubic phase is AF with TN = 35K and present m eff = 3.24 m B while the hexagonal phase orders at 27K with m eff = 3B. Such reduction of the effective moment may be due to the Kondo effect but the experiments where not conclusive about this / Mestrado / Física da Matéria Condensada / Mestre em Física

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O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi identificar e separar os níveis de energia dos multipletos excitado, 4S3/2, e fundamental, 4I15/2, provenientes do íon Er3+ alojado nos vários sítios não equivalentes existentes no garnet Ca3Ga2Ge3O12. Várias técnicas de espectroscopia óptica (absorção, luminescência com bombeio seletivo, excitação e conversão ascendente de luz) foram usadas com este objetivo. A partir dos resultados experimentais foram calculados, pela primeira vez, os parâmetros de íon livre e de campo cristalino para o Er3+ em cada um dos sítios identificados. Experimentos de luminescência e absorção sob a influência de campo magnético também foram realizados, e o fator g tanto do estado 4S3/2 quanto do 4I15/2 do Er3+ neste garnet foram determinados. / The main objective of this work was to identify and attribute the energy levels of excited 4S3/2 and ground 4I15/2states, corresponding to the Er3+ ions located at the various non equivalent sites present in the Ca3Ga2Ge3O12 garnet. Several optical spectroscopic techniques, (absorption, site-selective luminescence, excitation and upconversion of light), were used with this objective. From the experimental results, it was possible, for the first time, to calculate the free ion parameters, as well as the crystalline field parameters, for the Er3+ ions in each of the identified sites. Luminescence experiments and absorption under the influence of the magnetic field were performed, and the g factor associated to both, 4S3/2 and 4I15/2 estates in this garnet were determined.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar amostras do tipo MgSiO dopadas com 1,0% e 5,0% de Mn2+, obtidas em temperatura ambiente que luminesceram na faixa do vermelho. As amostras foram produzidas por reação de estado sólido sob alta temperatura e caracterizadas e pelo método de difração de raios X. Para análise das características físicas presentes na amostra após a dopagem, usamos a espectroscopia de fotoluminescência. Através da teoria do campo cristalino, dos espectros de luminescência e excitação e com a ajuda do diagrama e das matrizes de Tanabe-Sugano, foi possível identificar as luminescências, os níveis de energia excitados, os parâmetros de energia do campo cristalino, os parâmetros de Racah e a simetria do sítio ocupado por Mn2+. / The aim this work was investigate ceramic samples of type MgSiO doped with 1,0% and 5,0% of Mn2+, obtained with room temperature. The samples were produced by solid-state reaction at high temperature and characterized by the method X ray Diffraction. For analysis of the physics characteristics in the sample after doping, we use spectroscopy photoluminescence. Through theory crystal field, luminescence and excitation spectra, and with help of diagram and Tanabe-Sugano matrices, could be identified excited energy levels, the parameters of energy crystal field, the parameters of Racah and the symmetry of the site occupied by Mn2+.

O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi identificar e separar os níveis de energia dos multipletos excitado, 4S3/2, e fundamental, 4I15/2, provenientes do íon Er3+ alojado nos vários sítios não equivalentes existentes no garnet Ca3Ga2Ge3O12. Várias técnicas de espectroscopia óptica (absorção, luminescência com bombeio seletivo, excitação e conversão ascendente de luz) foram usadas com este objetivo. A partir dos resultados experimentais foram calculados, pela primeira vez, os parâmetros de íon livre e de campo cristalino para o Er3+ em cada um dos sítios identificados. Experimentos de luminescência e absorção sob a influência de campo magnético também foram realizados, e o fator g tanto do estado 4S3/2 quanto do 4I15/2 do Er3+ neste garnet foram determinados. / The main objective of this work was to identify and attribute the energy levels of excited 4S3/2 and ground 4I15/2states, corresponding to the Er3+ ions located at the various non equivalent sites present in the Ca3Ga2Ge3O12 garnet. Several optical spectroscopic techniques, (absorption, site-selective luminescence, excitation and upconversion of light), were used with this objective. From the experimental results, it was possible, for the first time, to calculate the free ion parameters, as well as the crystalline field parameters, for the Er3+ ions in each of the identified sites. Luminescence experiments and absorption under the influence of the magnetic field were performed, and the g factor associated to both, 4S3/2 and 4I15/2 estates in this garnet were determined.

<p>The main purpose of this thesis is to theoretically study energy levels and intra-electronic transition intensities for various f-electron systems. The f-f electronic dipole transitions are parity-forbidden for a free ion but become non-zero when the ion is subject to a crystal-field. This is commonly described within the framework of Judd-Ofelt theory which accounts for the mixing of odd parity into the wave-functions.</p><p>Some refinements and quantitative studies have been made by applying many-body perturbation theory, or the perturbed functions approach, to obtain effective dipole operators due to correlation, spin-orbit and higher order crystal-field effects not included in Judd-Ofelt theory. A software for the computation of f-electron multiplets and Stark levels was implemented and published as well.</p><p>The single- and pair-functions used for the evaluation of intensity parameters were obtained by solving various inhomogeneous Schrödinger equations. The wave-functions and energies obtained by diagonalizing an effective Hamiltonian have been used together with the oscillator strength methods to simulate absorption spectrum. Consistent crystal-field parameters applied in some of the papers were obtained by fitting crystal polarizabilities to reflect the experimental Stark levels. The same crystal model was then used to generate odd crystal field parameters needed for the f-f transition intensities. The total effect of these refinements are spectral features that usually agree well with experimental findings. Some of these methods have also been applied and seen to be quite useful for the understanding of optical fiber amplifiers frequently used in today's optical networks.</p><p>Finally, a finite-difference approach was applied for the Helium iso-electronic sequence. The exact wave-function was expanded in a sum of partial waves, and accurate ground- and excited state energies were obtained by using the iterative Arnoldi approach.</p>