Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:16:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-Denise Ribeiro de Melo.pdf: 1195079 bytes, checksum: 56cd5f0ff98087ea5e33db0b49c330f4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-23 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Fleas are ectoparasites commonly found in dogs and cats and the species Ctenocephalides felis (Bouch?, 1835) are the most found in these animals. Ctenocephalides felis felis life cycle is influenced by temperature and humidity. This haematophagous insect feeds for approximately 30 days; its bite can cause allergic dermatitis and also can transmit several etiologic agents to domestic animals and humans. The objectives of the work were verifying the in vitro pathogenicity of the fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana on eggs and adults of C. felis felis and investigated by scanning electron microscopy the development of entomopathogenic fungi on flea cuticle. Fleas were exposed to conidia (108 ml 1) of Metarhizium anisopliae (isolate 959) or Beauveria bassiana (isolate 986). The eggs and the adults used in the experiments were obtained from the colony, and were aspirated for the tubes (10 each). In the tests of effectiveness, the bioassays were constituted of two groups control and four groups treated with the suspensions in the concentrations 105, 106, 107 and 108 conidia.mL-1, and for each treatment they were made ten repetitions. Each group received a milliliter of the suspension to be tested, staying immersed by three minutes. The observations were done on each 12 hours and during the experimental phase the tubes were conditioned in acclimatized chamber in 25 1 C e = 75 % of relative humidity. The results demonstrated that the concentration 108 conidia.mL-1 of the two species inhibited the larval eclosion and caused the mortality of adults. Following standard protocols for electron microscopy, the specimens were prepared 2, 15, 26 and 96 h after infection. Glutaraldehyde 2.5% was used as a fixative. The electromicrography revealed that 2 h after fungus exposure, conidia attachments encompassed the entire flea cuticle, especially on abdominal intersegmental membranes. The emergence of germ tubes and appressoria formation occurred at 15 h, thickening and branching of hyphae on the flea cuticle was noted at 26 h. Therefore, both of these fungal isolates were able to develop on cuticular surfaces of Ctenocephalides felis felis. / As pulgas s?o ectoparasitas comumente encontrados em c?es e gatos, sendo a esp?cie Ctenocephalides felis (Bouch?, 1835), a mais encontrada nestes animais. O ciclo de Ctenocephalides felis felis ? influenciado pela temperatura, umidade e a alimenta??o se completa em aproximadamente 30 dias. A sua picada pode acarretar manifesta??o de dermatites al?rgicas, como tamb?m transmitir diversos agentes etiol?gicos aos animais dom?sticos e aos homens. O objetivo do trabalho foi de verificar a patogenicidade in vitro dos fungos Metarhizium anisopliae e Beauveria bassiana sobre ovos e adultos de C. felis felis e o desenvolvimento do fungo sobre a cut?cula da pulga, atrav?s da microscopia eletr?nica de varredura. Os isolados testados foram o M. anisopliae 959 e B. bassiana 986 na concentra??o 108 con?dios/mL. Os ovos e os adultos utilizados nos experimentos foram obtidos a partir da col?nia de onde foram aspirados em n?mero de dez para os tubos de ensaios. Nos testes de efic?cia, os bioensaios foram constitu?dos de dois grupos controle e quatro grupos tratados com as suspens?es nas concentra??es 105, 106, 107 e 108 con?dios.mL-1, e para cada tratamento foram feitas dez repeti??es. Cada grupo recebeu, um mililitro da suspens?o a ser testada, permanecendo imersos por tr?s minutos. A leitura foi realizada a cada 12h e durante todo a fase experimental os tubos ficaram acondicionados em c?mara climatizada a 25 ? 1?C e = 75 % UR. Os resultados demonstraram que a concentra??o 108 con?dios.ml-1 das duas esp?cies avaliadas se destacou das demais devido ao efeito delet?rio observado sobre larvas e adultos. Para a observa??o do desenvolvimento do fungo, as pulgas foram processadas em diferentes per?odos ap?s a infec??o, estipulados em 2, 15, 26 e 96 horas. O fixador utilizado foi o glutaralde?do 2,5 % e o material foi processado, segundo protocolo rotineiro para a microscopia eletr?nica de varredura. Com a obten??o das eletromicrografias, pode-se observar que com 2 horas os con?dios estavam aderidos por toda a cut?cula, situando-se preferencialmente nas membranas intersegmentais do abdome. Com 15 horas observouse a forma??o do tubo de germina??o e a cabe?a do apress?rio. Ap?s 26 horas foi poss?vel observar as ramifica??es e o engrossamento das hifas sobre a cut?cula das pulgas, indicando que os fungos testados foram capazes de se desenvolver sobre a cut?cula das mesmas.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:15:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009 - Vanessa Paulino da Cruz Vieira.pdf: 5069227 bytes, checksum: c261307b8ea09c79baed9a3f788934ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / This study was realized with the objective of to evaluate the inhibitory activity of the insect growth regulator, fluazuron, on evolutive stages and adults of Ctenocephalides felis felis. Twelve beagle dogs were utilized divided into two groups of six animals on day 0 (treatment day). Group 1: Dogs were treated with a pour on formulation of 2.5% fluazuron, in the dosis of 10 mg/kg body weight and; Group 2: Dogs were maintained untreated (control). Each dog was infested with 200 specimens of C. felis felis. Reinfestations were performed on days +5, +12, +19, +26, +33, and +40. Seventy four hours after each infestation, animals were placed in individual pet transport boxes for four hours. Afterwards, the material present in the bottom of each box was collected and the found eggs were quantified. Half of the eggs were incubated with 0.5g of an artificial diet for larval maintenance in a BOD incubator in the temperature of 28?C and relative humidity of 75 ? 10%. Seven days after, the material were fixed in 70% ethanol and evaluated for larval eclosion. After 25 days, half rest were also fixed in 70% ethanol and evaluated for the emergency of adult fleas. Each dog was combed until complete removal of fleas. Thus, fleas were quantified sexed, being evaluated the interference caused by fluazuron on adult recovery, and possibly, a different effect per gender. In order to evaluate the activity of fluazuron on oviposition of C. felis felis, the ratio between egg production and number of recovered females. The efficacy of fluazuron on C. felis felis development from egg to larvae on days +8, +15, +22 and +29 was higher 80%. For the development from egg to adult, the efficacy remained above 80% for 22 days after treatment, reaching 100% on day +15. A significant aulticidal efficacy of fluazuron was observed on days +8; +22; +36 e +43. Regarding to female fleas was observed significant difference on days +8; +22 e +36 and, for males on days +8 and +36. The efficacy of fluazuron on the inhibition of oviposition did not presented significance throughout the 43 experimental days. Fluazuron has efficacy on the development from egg to larva and egg to adult of C. felis felis. However, it shows low adulticidal activity, and does not interfere on fleas?s oviposition. / Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a atividade inibit?ria do regulador de crescimento de insetos, fluazuron, sobre as formas evolutivas e adultos de Ctenocephalides felis felis. Foram utilizados 12 c?es da ra?a Beagle, e, no dia 0, dia do tratamento, foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo 1. Seis c?es tratados com formula??o pour on , de fluazuron a 2,5 %, empregando-se a dose de 10 mg por Kg de peso corporal e Grupo 2. Seis c?es mantidos como controle, sem tratamento. Cada c?o foi infestado com 200 esp?cimes de C. felis felis. Novas infesta??es foram realizadas nos dias +5, +12, +19, +26, +33, e +40. Setenta e duas horas ap?s cada infesta??o, os c?es foram alocados em transportes para c?es, por quatro horas. Ap?s esse per?odo, o material foi coletado e os ovos quantificados. Metade dos ovos foi incubada com 0,5 grama de uma dieta para manuten??o das larvas, em c?mara climatizada mantida na temperatura de 28?C e umidade relativa de 75 ? 10%. Ap?s sete dias, o material foi fixado em ?lcool 70% e avaliado para eclos?o de larvas. Vinte cinco dias depois, a metade restante foi fixada tamb?m com ?lcool 70% e avaliada para emerg?ncia de pulgas adultas. Cada c?o foi penteado para retirada total das pulgas, que foram quantificadas e sexadas, sendo avaliada a interfer?ncia do fluazuron sobre a recupera??o de adultos e poss?vel atua??o diferenciada por sexo. Para a avalia??o da atividade do fluazuron sobre a oviposi??o de C. felis felis, foi calculada a rela??o entre a produ??o de ovos e o n?mero de f?meas recuperadas. A efic?cia do fluazuron sobre o desenvolvimento de ovo a larva de C. felis felis, nos dia +8; +15; +22 e +29, foi superior a 80%. No desenvolvimento de ovo a adulto de C. felis felis, a efic?cia permaneceu acima de 80% nos primeiros 22 dias ap?s o tratamento, e, no dia +15, o fluazuron alcan?ou 100% de efic?cia. No presente estudo, nos dias +8; +22; +36 e +43, foi constatada uma efic?cia adulticida significativa no grupo tratado com fluazuron. Em f?meas, houve diferen?a significativa nos dias +8; +22 e +36, e em machos nos dias +8 e +36. Ao longo dos 43 dias experimentais, a efic?cia do fluazuron na inibi??o da oviposi??o n?o apresentou signific?ncia. O fluazuron possui efic?cia sobre o desenvolvimento de ovo a larva e de ovo a adulto de C. felis felis. Entretanto, apresenta baixa atividade adulticida, e n?o interfere na oviposi??o das pulgas.