Orientador: Samuel da Silva / Resumo: Os métodos de análise modal tradicionalmente são limitados aos sistemas vibrando em regime linear de movimento. Assim, quando as estruturas sofrem altas amplitudes de excitação ou são muito flexíveis, gerando possíveis vibrações não-lineares, estes métodos acabam perdendo a sua validade e as propriedades características. Com base nesta motivação, este trabalho apresenta um estudo detalhado para mostrar quais as limitações de se aproximar por parâmetros modais sistemas vibrando em regime de movimento não linear. Para ilustrar a formulação, assume-se uma viga engastada e livre emulando um oscilador de Duffing com não linearidade concentrada, suave e polinomial (rigidez cúbica). Observa-se que para regimes de excitação baixa, pode-se extrair parâmetros modais do modelo e ajustá-los para níveis de excitação mais altos quando se induz vibração não-linear pelo aumento do nível da amplitude de excitação. Para situações de vibração não-linear opta-se por aproximar os sinais e saídas pelo método de superfície de resposta e identificar a dependência amplitude-frequência para extração de modos normais não-lineares. Os resultados apresentados com a formulação descrita neste trabalho permitem adaptar adequadamente as ferramentas convencionais de análise modal linear para validade e aplicação direta em casos de vibração em regime não linear, quando estes ainda são considerados de fraca influência. / Abstract: Modal analysis methods have traditionally been limited to systems vibrating in linear motion regime. Thus, when the structures undergo high excitation amplitudes or are very flexible, generating possible nonlinear vibrations, these methods end up losing their validity and characteristic properties. Based on this motivation, this work presents a detailed study to show the limitations of approaching by modal parameters systems vibrating in nonlinear regime. To illustrate the formulation, a cantilever beam is assumed to emulate a Duffing oscillator with concentrated, smooth, polynomial nonlinearity (cubic stiffness). It is observed that for low excitation regimes, one can extract modal parameters from the model and adjust them to higher excitation levels when inducing nonlinear vibration by increasing the excitation amplitude level. For nonlinear vibration situations, we choose to approximate the signals and outputs by the response surface method and identify the amplitude-frequency dependence for extraction of nonlinear normal modes. The results presented with the formulation described in this work allow to adapt adequately the conventional tools of linear modal analysis for validity and direct application in cases of vibration in nonlinear regime, when they are still considered of low influence. / Mestre

: Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse traitent du contrôle de systèmes dynamiques soumis à des excitations harmoniques et transitoires en utilisant des absorbeurs de type Nonlinear Energy Sink (NES). Plusieurs aspects ont été développés : la conception et la réalisation d'un nouveau design pour le NES cubique, l'étude de la location et du transfert irréversible d'énergie sur un NES bistable et le développement d'un critère de conception pour un NES à Vibro-Impact (VI). Dans un premier temps, un critère de conception est proposé pour le NES à raideur cubique. Le design proposé est basé sur des ressorts coniques ou des ressorts à pas variable. Un mécanisme à raideur négative est aussi introduit pour supprimer la partie linéaire et avoir une raideur cubique pure. Dans un deuxième temps, le concept du NES est validé expérimentalement par des essais statiques et des essais dynamiques. Une analyse de sensibilité est aussi menée sur la longueur des ressorts précontraints, elle dénote parfois un état bistable de l'oscillateur. Ensuite, le NES bistable ainsi obtenu est étudié plus en détail. Ce type d'absorbeur s'avère être très robuste pour différents types d’excitation. Des études expérimentales sont aussi menées afin d'explorer le comportement dynamique. Enfin, un critère de conception est proposé pour le NES à Vibro-Impact. Des calculs analytiques détaillés sont proposés pour contrôler les vibrations sous différentes excitations. L'étude expérimentale montre une bonne cohérence avec les résultats théoriques. / The work presented in this thesis deals with the passive control of dynamics systems subjected to harmonic and transient excitations using a Nonlinear Energy Sink (NES). Several research aspects have been developed: design theory and experimental study of a novel NES, efficient Targeted Energy Transfer (TET) of bistable NES and design criteria for optimally tuned Vibro-Impact (VI) NES. Firstly, a design criterion intended to provide optimal nonlinear stiffness is proposed. Then a novel design of NES system yielding cubic stiffness with conical springs or variable pitch springs and negative stiffness mechanism is developed. Secondly, the experimental procedures for static and dynamic test are presented and applied to validate the concept of NES system. Then a sensitivity analysis is performed with respect to the pre-compressed length of springs. Thirdly, the optimal design of the above device with negative stiffness (termed as bistable NES) is studied. This type of NES is proved to work robustly for different types of excitation, and experimental study of semi-active control are explored. Finally, design criteria for optimally tuned VI NES are studied. Detailed analytical calculations of clearance to control the vibration under different excitations are proposed. A good correspondence between theoretical and experimental results is observed.