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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Characterization of a coproduct from the sea cucumber cucumaria frondosa and its effects on cardiometabolic health in male wistar rats

Ramalho, Alan 14 January 2022 (has links)
Les objectifs de ce projet de maitrise sont d'analyser la composition d'un coproduit de l'holothurie Cucumaria frondosa et de déterminer ses effets sur des paramètres cardiométaboliques reconnus quand administré par voie orale. Afin d'atteindre ce dernier objectif, quatre groupes de 10 rats Wistar mâles chacun ont été nourris pendant 28 jours soit avec une diète contrôle purifiée, soit avec une diète enrichie avec le coproduit à 0,5%, 1,5% ou 2,5% de protéines de concombre de mer. Les fèces ont été collectées aux jours 21, 22 et 23. Les rats ont été sacrifiés après un jeûne de 10 heures au jour 29. Le sang a été prélevé par ponction aortique afin d'obtenir du plasma et du sérum. Le poids des tissus adipeux (AT) épididymaux, périrénaux et rétropéritonéaux, de l'extensor digitorum longus (EDL), le soléaire, des glandes surrénales, du foie, ainsi que la longueur des intestins ont été mesurés. Le foie et les tissus adipeux ont ensuite été aliquotés, surgelés et conservés à -80°C pour analyses futures. La composition corporelle a été déterminée à l'aide d'une bombe calorimétrique pour déterminer l'énergie totale et avec une unité d'analyse Foss Kjeltec 8400 pour déterminer la masse maigre. Une extraction Folch modifiée et des kits de test enzymatique colorimétrique ont été utilisés pour mesurer le cholestérol et les triglycérides (TG) hépatiques. Des kits de test enzymatique colorimétrique et immunométrique ont été utilisés pour déterminer les taux de cholestérol à lipoprotéines de haute densité (HDL-C), de cholestérol à lipoprotéines de très basse densité et de basse densité (VLDL + LDL-C), de TG et d'insuline plasmatiques. Le contenu en lipides fécaux a également été mesuré. La taille des adipocytes épididymaux a été mesurée en utilisant des lames d'histologie colorées à l'hématoxyline et à l'éosine (H&E) de l'AT épididymal. Le coproduit de l'holothurie contenait des concentrations élevées de plusieurs nutriments, notamment des protéines, des acides aminés essentiels, des lipides, en particulier des phospholipides et des acides gras polyinsaturés (PUFA) oméga-3, du fer, du potassium, du sodium, du phosphore, du calcium, du sélénium et du zinc. À l'inverse, le coproduit était pauvre en gras saturés, en cholestérol, en PUFA oméga-6 et en glucides. De plus, le coproduit contenait de grandes quantités de composés bioactifs, en particulier des saponines. Par ailleurs, la teneur en arsenic du coproduit, surtout en arsenic inorganique dont une ingestion prolongée peut entraîner des effets indésirables sur la santé, était élevée dans le coproduit. Quant au protocole animal, le coproduit n'a pas influencé la prise alimentaire ni le poids corporel final des animaux. Le groupe à 1,5% avait des adipocytes épididymaux plus petits (P=0.03) que le groupe témoin. Cette diminution suggère que l'administration orale du coproduit à une dose de 1,5% peut diminuer l'adiposité viscérale, indiquant un potentiel bénéfique sur la santé cardiométabolique (CMH). Ces effets observés peuvent être dus à la teneur en saponine du coproduit, mais les effets des autres composants ne peuvent être exclus. À partir de ces résultats, les coproduits d'holothuries et les saponines ont un potentiel dans la prévention des maladies cardiométaboliques, mais des recherches supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour déterminer l'efficacité et l'innocuité du coproduit. / The objectives of this master's project were to analyse the chemical and nutritional composition of a sea cucumber coproduct prepared from the species Cucumaria frondosa and to determine the effects of said coproduct on recognised cardiometabolic parameters when administered orally. In order to achieve the latter objective, four groups of 10 male Wistar rats each were fed for 28 days either a purified control diet or a diet enriched with the coproduct at 0.5%, 1.5% and 2.5% of sea cucumber protein to total protein content. Feces were collected on day 21, 22, and 23. The rats were sacrificed on day 29 after a 10 hour fast. Blood was collected by aortic puncture in order to obtain plasma and serum samples. The weight of the epididymal, perirenal, and retroperitoneal adipose tissues (AT), the extensor digitorum longus (EDL), the soleus, the suprarenal glands, the liver, as well as the length of the intestines were recorded. The liver and adipose tissues were then aliquoted, flash frozen, and stored at -80°C for future analysis. Body composition was calculated using a calorimetric bomb to determine total corporeal energy and a Foss Kjeltec 8400 analyser unit to determine crude protein. A modified Folch extraction and enzymatic colorimetric assay kits were used to measure hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides (TG). Enzymatic colorimetric and immunometric assay kits were also used to determine levels of serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), serum very low density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL+LDL-C), plasma TG, and plasma insulin, respectively. The lipid content of the collected feces was also determined. Using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained histology slides of the epididymal AT, the size of the epididymal adipocytes was measured. The analyses of the coproduct revealed that it contained high concentrations of several nutrients including protein, essential amino acids, lipids, namely phospholipids and omega-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), iron, potassium, sodium, phosphorus, calcium, selenium, and zinc. Conversely, the coproduct was low in saturated fat, cholesterol, omega-6 PUFAs, and carbohydrates. Furthermore, the coproduct contained high amounts of bioactive compounds, particularly saponins. However, the arsenic content of the coproduct, particularly inorganic arsenic, was high. Regarding the animal protocol, the addition of the coproduct did not influence food intake or final body weight. The 1.5% group had smaller epididymal adipocytes (P=0.03) than the control group. This decrease in adipocyte size suggests that oral administration of the coproduct at a dose of ≈1.5% can decrease visceral adiposity, indicating the potential to benefit cardiometabolic health (CMH). These observed effects may be attributable to the saponin content of the coproduct, but the effects of other components cannot be ruled out. From these results, sea cucumber coproducts and saponins have potential in the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases, but further research is necessary to determine the efficacy and innocuity of the coproduct.
2

MEDICINAL BENEFITS OF SEA CUCUMBERS FROM THE WATERS OF THE EASTERN UNITED STATES

Eaint Honey Aung Win (13163001) 27 July 2022 (has links)
<p>Sea cucumbers have been found to contain bioactive compounds such as saponin, fucoidan, frondoside, and glycosides that have pharmacological properties like antitumor, antibacterial, anti-inflammation, and antihyperglycemic activity. Although several species of sea cucumbers have been studied and reared for the food and medicinal industries, not much research has been conducted on the species in the waters of the Eastern United States. In this research, physiological and immunological parameters of coelomic fluid from <em>Cucumaria</em> <em>frondosa</em>, <em>Isostychopus</em> <em>badionotus</em>, and <em>Pentacta</em> <em>pygmaea</em> were compared to find the most promising candidate with these properties and pharmacological benefits. We found that <em>C. frondosa</em> was the species with the best immunological and physiological parameters among the three studied. <em>C. frondosa</em> illustrated that its coelomic fluid contains the highest concentrations of cells and lysozymes that had the highest activity. Using <em>C. frondosa</em>’s tissue extracts and coelomic fluid, the ability of the extracts and coelomic fluid to inhibit murine melanoma cells (B16-F10) and modulate T-lymphocytes <em>in vitro</em> were investigated. Although no significant differences were seen statistically, the experiments illustrated that T-lymphocytes were highly activated at higher concentrations (0.001g/uL-0.0002g/uL) for tissue extracts and at lower concentrations (0.000008g/uL) for coelomic fluid. On the other hand, melanoma cells were inhibited highest at lower concentrations (0.000008g/uL-0.0000016/uL). In addition to these studies, the antibacterial activity of <em>C. frondosa</em> extract was tested on ten pathogenic bacterial species. Antibacterial activity of the <em>C. frondosa</em> extract was not seen in this experiment. However, hemolytic activity by compounds present in <em>C. frondosa</em> extracts was seen in blood agars culturing <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> and <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> in our experiment. Lastly, an <em>in vivo </em>study was conducted to see if <em>C. frondosa</em> extract can modulate stress in Nile tilapia. In our experiment, we observed that <em>C. frondosa</em> extract was able to enhance the activity of one of the parameters, phagocytic capacity significantly. However, we are not able to conclude that <em>C. frondosa</em> extract was able to mitigate chronic stress from the results obtained. Overall, observing the results from the projects, we cannot conclude that <em>C. frondosa</em> extracts illustrated pharmacological properties. Extensive studies are recommended and required to use <em>C. frondosa</em> extract for medicinal purposes. </p>

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