Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-07-04T11:53:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MayaraMariaBastosFranco_DISSERT.pdf: 2345421 bytes, checksum: cac97047a722e5ab5047a164b245b028 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-07-11T12:49:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MayaraMariaBastosFranco_DISSERT.pdf: 2345421 bytes, checksum: cac97047a722e5ab5047a164b245b028 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-11T12:49:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MayaraMariaBastosFranco_DISSERT.pdf: 2345421 bytes, checksum: cac97047a722e5ab5047a164b245b028 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-29 / A exist?ncia de pat?genos com alto perfil de resist?ncia, colonizando a pele e mucosas de pacientes internados, elevam o risco da ocorr?ncia de infec??es graves. Deste modo as culturas de vigil?ncia s?o importantes a fim de se identificar estes microrganismos e minimizar a sua propaga??o para outros indiv?duos. Este estudo utilizou culturas de vigil?ncia para determinar o perfil de resist?ncia presente em bact?rias isoladas de 114 pacientes internados em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTIs). Utilizou-se m?todos de identifica??o fenot?pica, de sensibilidade aos antibi?ticos e testes fenot?picos de indica??o de produ??o de ?-lactamases. Das amostras de Staphylococcus spp. isoladas, 89% (98/110) apresentaram resist?ncia ? Oxacilina, 39% (52/133) das enterobact?rias eram produtoras de ?-lactamase de Espectro Estendido, 57,5% (23/40) das Pseudomanoas aeruginosa eram produtoras de ?-lactamase AmpC e 80% (30/37) dos Acinetobacter spp. eram resistentes aos carbapen?micos. Dentre as vari?veis cl?nicas estudadas, encontrou-se uma associa??o estatisticamente significativa entre o uso de carbapen?micos e a coloniza??o por bact?rias resistentes aos antibacterianos mais frequentes utilizados na rotina. Estes ?ndices elevados refletem a tend?ncia epidemiol?gica atual do crescimento das bact?rias com alto padr?o de resist?ncia, tornando-se essencial a implementa??o de medidas de vigil?ncia, isolamento e racionaliza??o do uso de antibi?ticos a fim de se minimizar a dissemina??o destes pat?genos. / The existence of pathogens with high antimicrobial resistance, colonizing the skin and mucous membranes of hospitalized patients, increases the risk of serious infections. Thus surveillance cultures are important to identify these microorganisms and minimize their propagation to other individuals. This research used surveillance cultures to determine the resistance profile existent in bacteria colonizing 114 patients admitted in Intensive Care Units (ICUs) for 7 or more days. For this purpose, manual methods of phenotypic identification, antimicrobial susceptibility and phenotypic tests for the indication of ?-lactamase? production were used. From the Staphylococcus spp. isolated, 89% (98/110) were resistant to oxacillin, 39% (52/133) of Enterobacteriaceae were producers of Extended Spectrum ?-Lactamases, 57.5% (23/40) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were producers of AmpC ?-Lactamase and 81% (30/37) of Acinetobacter spp. were resistant to carbapenems. Among the studied clinical variables, it was found a significant statistical association between the use of carbapenems and colonization by bacteria resistant to these antibiotics. These high indexes reflect the current epidemiological tendency of high resistant bacteria growth, making essential the implementation of surveillance measures, isolation and rationalization of antibiotic use to minimize the dissemination of these pathogens.