Par sa nature prototypique, chaque bien musical, et par extension chaque bien culturel, est un bien nouveau. Cette thèse a pour objectif d’étudier la consommation et le financement de la nouveauté musicale en adoptant deux approches de l’économie expérimentale : les expériences en laboratoire (première partie) et l’interprétation des données de terrain à partir de mesures expérimentales (seconde partie). La première partie explore les déterminants et les caractéristiques de la demande de nouveauté musicale. Dans un premier chapitre, nous étudions l’effet de l’information et du prix sur la concentration de la demande lorsque les consommateurs peuvent choisir entre des artistes établis sur le marché et des nouveaux entrants. Le second chapitre propose une estimation de systèmes complets de demande pour quatre genres musicaux. La seconde partie de cette thèse s’intéresse aux comportements de contributeurs sur une plateforme de financement participatif avec récompenses. Dans le troisième chapitre, nous proposons un modèle rendant compte de la décision de contribuer à un projet musical à partir du constat que les contributeurs font face à deux types de risque : le risque d’échec de la coordination et le risque de non livraison du produit. Dans ce contexte, l’illusion de contrôle permet d’expliquer la dynamique de contribution. L’étude du rôle des préférences face au risque montre que lorsque le risque d’échec de la coordination disparaît, l’aversion au risque est corrélée négativement au niveau des contributions. Cependant, en début de campagne, cette corrélation est positive. Le dernier chapitre se concentre sur la nature hybride du financement participatif. Les résultats suggèrent que la décision de contribution relève d’une logique de don tandis que le niveau de ces contributions relève d’une logique de consommation. / By its prototypical nature, each musical good, and by extension each cultural good, is new. The aim of this thesis is two study the consumption and the funding of musical novelty, using two experimental approaches : the use of in-lab experiments to study demand (part I) and the use of experimental measures to understand field behaviors (part II). The first part explores the determinants and characteristics of demand for novelty. In the first chapter, we study the demand concentration when consumers can choose between established artists and new entrants. The second chapter presents estimations of an almost ideal demand system for four musical genres. The second part of this thesis focuses on contributors’ behaviors of a reward-based crowdfunding platform. In a third chapter, we propose a model of decision to contribute to a musical project, based on the observation that contributors are exposed to two types of risk : a risk of coordination failure and a risk of non delivery. With this in mind, illusion of control allows to understand the timing of decision. A closer look at the role of risk preferences shows that risk aversion is negatively correlated with contributions when coordination is ensured. On the contrary, the correlation becomes positive at the beginning of a campaign. In the last chapter, we investigate the mixed nature of crowdfunding. Results suggest that the decision to contribute falls within a donation logic while the decision on how much to contribute falls within a consumption logic.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniele Soares da Silva.pdf: 1386235 bytes, checksum: 6fd3d5d342baea6525be33421c37004d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-18 / The aim of this study is to analyze the financing of federal public policies in Brazil's cultural sector, mainly the fiscal incentives mechanism established by the Rouanet law. In other words, the intention is to verify what are the problems faced and propose a few improvements to this mechanism. The research procedure consists on a bibliographic research and a comparative analysis of the French experience with the Brazilian case. It has been identified that the fiscal incentives mechanism works as public money repass; concentration of the resources from this mechanism in a few companies; a geographic imbalance on the distribution of these resources; lack o clarity regarding the differences between donation and financing and lack of transparency on the direction and use of the resources. The French model presents distinct and similar problems compared to the Brazilian one, exhibiting an opportunity to improvements in the model. The law project in the Brazilian Congress waiting for approval foresees changes to correct these distortions. The proposed changes present elements that indicate a possible solution to the presented problems / O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar o financiamento das políticas públicas federais do setor cultural no Brasil, principalmente o mecanismo dos incentivos fiscais estabelecido pela lei Rouanet. Em outras palavras, o propósito é verificar quais são os problemas enfrentados e propor alguns aperfeiçoamentos desse mecanismo. O procedimento da pesquisa consiste da pesquisa bibliográfica e uma análise comparativa da experiência francesa com o caso brasileiro. Foram identificados o mecanismo de incentivo fiscal funcionando como repasse de dinheiro público; a concentração dos recursos oriundos desse mecanismo em poucas empresas; o desequilíbrio geográfico da distribuição desses recursos; a falta de clareza quanto à diferença das modalidades doação e financiamento e a falta de transparência no direcionamento e uso dos recursos. O modelo francês apresenta problemas distintos e semelhantes aos do modelo brasileiro, dando oportunidade de detectar mudanças possíveis para melhora deste. O Projeto de Lei que está no Congresso brasileiro para aprovação prevê alterações que buscam corrigir essas distorções. As alterações propostas apresentam elementos que indicam uma possível solução para os problemas apontados